N1 Vocabulary · Test 111

交代（こうたい）means 'replacement' or 'changeover.' The sentence says 'When the executives were replaced, the conservative faction shrank.' 交代して is the standard expression for personnel replacement.

• 2降代 is not a real Japanese word; 降 means 'descend/fall' and is not used for replacement.
• 3交退 is not a real word; 退 alone means 'retire/withdraw' but this compound does not exist.
• 4降退 is not a real word; this combination of kanji is not used in Japanese.

• 交代こうたい — replacement, changeover, alternation
• 幹部かんぶ — executives, leading members

保守派（ほしゅは）means 'conservative faction.' The sentence says 'When the executives were replaced, the conservative faction became fewer.' 保守（ほしゅ）means 'conservation/conservative,' and 派（は）means 'faction/group.'

• 2保主派 is not a real word; 主 is not the correct kanji here.
• 3補守派 is not a real word; 補 means 'supplement/compensate' and does not fit.
• 4補主派 is not a real word; neither 補 nor 主 is correct for this term.

• 保守派ほしゅは — conservative faction
• 保守ほしゅ — conservatism, conservative

真相（しんそう）means 'the truth, the real state of affairs.' The sentence says 'Burying the truth of the matter in darkness is something that must be avoided above all.' 真相を闇に葬る is a natural collocation meaning 'to bury the truth in darkness.'

• 2深相 is not a standard Japanese word.
• 3真層 is not a standard Japanese word.
• 4深層（しんそう）is a real word meaning 'deep layer, profound level' (as in 深層心理 'depth psychology'), but it does not fit the context of 'burying the truth of the matter.' The phrase ことの深層を闇に葬る is not a natural collocation.

• 真相しんそう — the truth, the real facts
• 深層しんそう — deep layer, profound level (distractor)

葬る（ほうむる）means 'to bury'—both literally (burying a body) and figuratively (burying/covering up the truth). The sentence says 'Burying the truth of the matter in darkness must be avoided.' 闇に葬る is a common idiom meaning 'to bury something in darkness / cover something up.'

• 1放むる is not a real Japanese verb. 放る（ほうる）exists but means 'to throw/fling' and is not written 放むる.
• 2倣むる is not a real word. 倣う（ならう）means 'to imitate/follow' but has a different reading and form.
• 3捧むる is not a real word. 捧げる（ささげる）means 'to offer/dedicate' but is unrelated.

• 葬ほうむる — to bury (literally or figuratively), to cover up
• 闇やみ — darkness

避けなければならない is the negative conditional form of 避ける（さける, 'to avoid') plus ならない, meaning 'must avoid / cannot avoid doing.' The sentence says 'Burying the truth in darkness is something that must be avoided.'

• 1僻けなければ is not a real word. 僻（へき）appears in compounds like 僻地（へきち, 'remote area') but 僻ける is not a verb.
• 3壁けなければ is not a real word. 壁（かべ）means 'wall' and does not form this verb.
• 4癖けなければ is not a real word. 癖（くせ）means 'habit/quirk' and does not form this verb.

• 避さける — to avoid, to evade
• 避さけなければならない — must avoid (cannot avoid)

翼 (つばさ) means 'wing.' The sentence describes treating an injured bird's wing and returning it to its nest. 翼 is the correct kanji for つばさ (wing, especially of a bird).

• 1翻 (ほん) means 'fluttering/flipping' (as in 翻る, to flutter). It does not read つばさ and does not mean wing.
• 3翌 (よく) means 'the next' (as in 翌日, the next day). It shares a component but is unrelated to wings.
• 4羽 (はね) means 'feather/wing' and is plausible, but the specific reading つばさ is written 翼, not 羽. 羽 is read はね or う (as in 羽毛).

• 翼つばさ — wing (of a bird)
• 手当てあて — medical treatment, first aid
• 巣す — nest

手当 (てあて) means 'medical treatment / first aid / care.' The sentence says the speaker treated an injured bird's wing. 手当 is the standard word for giving medical care or treatment.

• 2手合 is not a standard word for treatment. 合 does not convey the meaning of providing care.
• 3手充 is not a real word. 充 means 'fill/charge' and is unrelated to medical treatment.
• 4手治 is not a standard compound. While 治 relates to healing, the correct established word is 手当, not 手治.

• 手当てあて — medical treatment, first aid, care

巣 (す) means 'nest.' The sentence says the bird was returned to its nest (すに戻してやった). 巣 is the correct kanji.

• 1陣 (じん) means 'camp/formation' (as in 陣地). It does not read す.
• 3基 (き) means 'base/foundation' (as in 基礎). It does not read す.
• 4群 (ぐん) means 'group/flock' (as in 群れ). It does not read す and does not mean nest.

• 巣す — nest

じゅりつ is 樹立 (establishing/setting a record). The shared kanji being tested is 樹. Option 1 contains 樹木 (じゅもく, 'trees'), which uses the same kanji 樹. The sentence means 'Trees that bear fruit require a lot of maintenance.'

• 2需要 (じゅよう, 'demand') uses 需, not 樹. The sentence means 'Rice demand has been decreasing year by year.'
• 3教授 (きょうじゅ, 'professor') uses 教 and 授, not 樹.
• 4寿命 (じゅみょう, 'lifespan') uses 寿 and 命, not 樹.

• 樹立じゅりつ — establishing (a record)
• 樹木じゅもく — trees
• 需要じゅよう — demand
• 教授きょうじゅ — professor
• 寿命じゅみょう — lifespan

しや is 視野 (しや, 'field of vision / broad perspective'). The shared kanji being tested is 視. Option 4 contains 無視 (むし, 'to ignore'), which uses the same kanji 視. The sentence means 'I ignored the traffic signal and had an accident.'

• 1趣旨 (しゅし, 'purport/main point') uses 趣 and 旨, not 視.
• 2姿勢 (しせい, 'posture') uses 姿 and 勢, not 視.
• 3上司 (じょうし, 'boss/superior') uses 上 and 司, not 視.

• 視野しや — field of vision, perspective
• 趣旨しゅし — purport, main point
• 姿勢しせい — posture, attitude
• 上司じょうし — boss, superior
• 無視むし — ignoring, disregarding