N1 Vocabulary · Test 110

The sentence describes boys who caught fish by fishing and shellfish by diving. もぐって is the te-form of 潜る（もぐる）, meaning 'to dive (underwater).' Option 4 潜って correctly represents this reading and meaning.

• 1渦（うず）means 'whirlpool/eddy.' 渦って would be read うずって, not もぐって, and does not mean 'to dive.'
• 2浸る（ひたる/つかる）means 'to soak/immerse.' 浸って would be read ひたって or つかって, not もぐって.
• 3溜まる（たまる）means 'to accumulate.' 溜って would be read たまって, not もぐって.

• 潜もぐる — to dive (underwater)
• 渦うず — whirlpool, eddy
• 浸ひたる/つかる — to soak, to be immersed
• 溜たまる — to accumulate

The sentence refers to fish and shellfish the boys caught — their catch/prey. 獲物（えもの）means 'catch, prey, quarry,' exactly fitting fish and shellfish obtained by fishing and diving. Option 4 is correct.

• 1得物（えもの）is a homophone but means 'weapon, tool one holds' (e.g., a warrior's weapon), not 'caught prey.' It is the wrong word for this context.
• 2選物 is not a real Japanese word; 選（せん）means 'to select/choose,' unrelated to catching prey.
• 3恵物 is not a real Japanese word; 恵（めぐ）means 'blessing/favor,' unrelated to caught prey.

• 獲物えもの — catch, prey, quarry
• 得物えもの — weapon, tool (homophone, different meaning)

The sentence says beautiful decoration was applied (ほどこされた) to this wall. 施す（ほどこす）means 'to apply, to bestow, to carry out (a decoration, treatment, etc.).' Option 2 施された is the correct kanji and reading for ほどこされた.

• 1奉する（ほうする）means 'to offer/present (to a superior).' 奉された would be read ほうされた, not ほどこされた.
• 3供する（きょうする）means 'to offer/serve/provide.' 供された would be read きょうされた, not ほどこされた.
• 4添える（そえる）means 'to add/attach.' 添された would be read そえされた, not ほどこされた.

• 施ほどこす — to apply, to bestow, to carry out (decoration, treatment, etc.)
• 奉ほうする — to offer, to present
• 供きょうする — to offer, to serve, to provide
• 添そえる — to add, to attach

The sentence refers to beautiful decoration (そうしょく) on the wall. 装飾（そうしょく）means 'decoration, ornamentation.' Option 4 is the correct kanji compound.

• 1装色 is not a standard Japanese word; 色（しょく/いろ）means 'color,' not 'decoration.'
• 2荘色 is not a standard Japanese word; 荘（そう）appears in words like 荘園（しょうえん, manor）but not with 色 here.
• 3荘飾 is not a standard Japanese word; the correct compound uses 装, not 荘.

• 装飾そうしょく — decoration, ornamentation

The sentence says the decoration has endured/lasted for several hundred years. 経る（へる）means '(for time) to pass, to elapse.' Option 2 経ている correctly represents へている, meaning 'has passed (several hundred years).'

• 1距 is used in 距離（きょり, distance）; 距てる is not a real Japanese verb.
• 3隔てる（へだてる）means 'to separate, to set apart.' 隔ている would be read へだてている, not へている, and does not mean 'time has passed.'
• 4断 is used in 断る（ことわる, to refuse) or 断つ（たつ, to cut); 断てる is not a real Japanese verb.

• 経へる — (for time) to pass, to elapse
• 隔へだてる — to separate, to set apart

遂げる（とげる）means 'to accomplish/achieve (a goal or purpose).' The phrase 目的を遂げる is a common collocation meaning 'to achieve one's objective.' Option 4 is the correct kanji for this verb.

• 1果げる is not a real word. The verb 果たす（はたす）means 'to accomplish,' but it does not conjugate to or share the form 果げる. This is a deliberate distractor using a kanji with a related meaning.
• 2到げる is not a real word. 到（とう）appears in compounds like 到達（とうたつ, 'attainment'), but there is no verb 到げる.
• 3修げる is not a real word. 修める（おさめる）means 'to study/master,' but it does not take the form 修げる.

• 遂とげる — to accomplish, to achieve (a goal/purpose)
• 果はたす — to accomplish, to fulfill
• 到達とうたつ — attainment, reaching
• 修おさめる — to study, to master

The reading ひきいる corresponds to 率いる, meaning 'to lead (a group/team).' The stem '彼が率いるチームは…' means 'The team that he leads…' This is the standard kanji for this verb.

• 2統いる is not a valid word. 統(とう) is used in words like 統一(とういつ) but cannot be read as ひきいる.
• 3誘いる is not a valid word. 誘(さそ)う means 'to invite/tempt' but does not combine with いる in this way.
• 4導いる is not a valid word. 導(みちび)く means 'to guide/lead' but the verb is not written as 導いる.

• 率ひきいる — to lead, to command (a group)

The reading ちくせき corresponds to 蓄積, meaning 'accumulation.' The stem 'これまで蓄積してきた…' means 'what has been accumulated up to now…' 蓄(ちく) = to store/accumulate; 積(せき) = to pile up. Together they form the standard compound 蓄積.

• 1蓄責 is not a real word. 責(せき) is a valid reading for 責 but the compound 蓄責 does not exist.
• 2築責 is not a real word. 築(ちく) is the correct reading for the first kanji in some compounds (e.g., 構築), but the word is 蓄積, not 節責.
• 4築積 is not a real word. While both 築 and 積 can be read with the correct on-readings, the established compound for ちくせき is 蓄積.

• 蓄積ちくせき — accumulation, buildup

The reading ぼうだい corresponds to 膨大, meaning 'enormous, vast.' The stem '膨大なデータを活用すべく…' means 'in order to utilize the vast amount of data…' 膨(ぼう) = swell/expand; 大(だい) = large. 膨大な is a common adjective modifying quantities like データ, 費用, etc.

• 1冒大 is not a real word. 冒(ぼう) has the right reading but does not form this compound.
• 2莫大(ばくだい) is a real word meaning 'enormous,' but its reading is ばくだい, not ぼうだい. This is a deliberate distractor using a near-synonym with a different reading.
• 3暴大 is not a real word. 暴(ぼう) has the right reading but does not form this compound.

• 膨大ぼうだい — enormous, vast (in quantity/size)
• 莫大ばくだい — enormous, immense (near-synonym with different reading)

The reading しこう corresponds to 試行, meaning 'trial, attempt.' The stem '試行を重ねている' means 'repeating trials/attempts.' The collocation 試行を重ねる (to repeat trials) is a standard expression. 試(し) = to try; 行(こう) = to do/carry out.

• 1指行 is not a real word. 指(し) has the right reading but this compound does not exist.
• 2指向(しこう) is a real word meaning 'orientation/direction,' but it does not collocate with 重ねる. You cannot say 指向を重ねる. This is a deliberate homophone distractor.
• 4試向 is not a real word. While 試 has the correct reading, 試向 is not an established compound.

• 試行しこう — trial, attempt, experiment
• 指向しこう — orientation, direction (homophone distractor)
• 試行を重ねる（しこうをかさねる） — to repeat trials/attempts