N1 Vocabulary · Test 108

Option 2 (再発) is correct. In the context of the sentence, the government is emphasizing the necessity of effective measures to prevent (ぼうし) the recurrence (さいはつ) of successive scandals (不正事件). 再発 means 'recurrence' or 'happening again', which perfectly fits the phrase 再発防止 (prevention of recurrence).

• 1Option 1 (催発) is wrong. While 催 can be read as 'さい' (e.g., 催す), 催発 is not a valid Japanese word and does not mean 'recurrence'.
• 3Option 3 (際発) is wrong. 際 can be read as 'さい', but 際発 is not a valid word meaning 'recurrence'.
• 4Option 4 (最発) is wrong. 最 can be read as 'さい', but 最発 is not a valid word and does not fit the context.

• 再発さいはつ — recurrence, relapse (happening again)
• 防止ぼうし — prevention, averting
• 相次あいつぐ — to happen one after another, to occur in succession
• 言及げんきゅう — mention, refer to
• 強調きょうちょう — emphasis, emphasize

The correct option is 4. In the context of the sentence, the government is emphasizing the necessity of effective measures for 'さいはつぼうし' (再発防止 - prevention of recurrence) of scandals. The word ぼうし is written as 防止, meaning 'prevention'.

• 1望止 is not a valid Japanese word. '望' (ぼう) means 'to wish' or 'to desire', and combined with '止' it does not form a recognized term.
• 2放止 is not a valid Japanese word. '放' is usually read as 'ほう' (as in 放棄) or 'はなす', and does not combine with '止' to form a word read as 'ぼうし'.
• 3妨止 is not a standard Japanese word. While '妨' (ぼう) means 'to obstruct' (as seen in 妨害 - ぼうがい), it does not pair with '止' to mean prevention.

• 防止ぼうし — prevention
• 再発さいはつ — recurrence (of a crime, disease, etc.)
• 相次あいつぐ — to happen one after another
• 言及げんきゅう — mention, refer to
• 強調きょうちょう — emphasis, emphasize

The correct option is 4. 強調 (きょうちょう) means 'to emphasize' or 'emphasis'. In the context of the sentence, the government is emphasizing the necessity of effective measures to prevent recurrence, making 強調 the only correct choice both in meaning and kanji composition.

• 1協張 is not a valid Japanese word. It combines the kanji for 'cooperation' (協) and 'stretch/tension' (張), but this combination does not exist.
• 2強張 is not a valid word for the reading きょうちょう. While the verb 強張る exists, it is read as こわばる (to become stiff or tense) and does not fit the context of emphasizing a policy.
• 3協調 (きょうちょう) is a real word, but it means 'coordination' or 'harmony'. The government does not 'coordinate' the necessity of measures; it 'emphasizes' it, so this meaning is incorrect for the context.

• 強調きょうちょう — emphasis, to emphasize
• 協調きょうちょう — coordination, harmony
• 相次あいつぐ — to happen one after another, to be successive
• 言及げんきゅう — mention, reference
• 再発さいはつ — recurrence (of an illness, crime, etc.)
• 防止ぼうし — prevention

The correct option is 4. 説かれる (tokakareru) is the passive form of 説く (toku), which means 'to advocate', 'to preach', or 'to explain'. In the context of the sentence, 'The importance of understanding different cultures is frequently advocated...', 説く is the appropriate verb because one advocates or talks about the importance of an abstract concept.

• 1解かれる (tokakareru) is the passive form of 解く (toku), meaning 'to be solved' or 'to be untied' (e.g., a mystery, a knot, a problem). You cannot 'solve' the importance of something, so this is contextually incorrect.
• 2釈かれる (tokakareru) comes from 釈く (toku), meaning 'to explain' or 'to interpret' (e.g., a difficult text). While it carries a nuance of explanation, it is not used for advocating or promoting the importance of a concept in the way 説く is. Furthermore, 釈く is a much rarer verb and does not fit the standard collocation here.
• 3溶かれる (tokakareru) is the passive form of 溶く (toku), meaning 'to be dissolved' or 'to be mixed' (e.g., dissolving flour or eggs in water). This makes no sense in the context of discussing the importance of cultural understanding.

• 説とく — to advocate, to preach, to explain
• 解とく — to solve, to untie
• 溶とく — to dissolve (e.g. flour, eggs)
• 釈とく — to explain, to interpret (rare)

The correct option is 1. The reading 'しゅうい' (shūi) in the context of '自分の___や自分たち自身' (one's ___ and oneself) refers to one's surroundings or environment. The correct kanji for this is 周囲.

• 2衆囲 is not a standard Japanese word. 衆 (しゅう) means 'multitude' or 'crowd' and is used in words like 大衆 (たいしゅう). It is a deliberate distractor using a lookalike kanji with the same reading 'しゅう'.
• 3周意 is not a standard Japanese word. 意 (い) means 'intention' or 'meaning'. It is a distractor using a kanji with the correct reading 'い' but wrong meaning for this context.
• 4衆意 (しゅうい) means 'public opinion' or 'the will of the masses'. While it is a real word with the reading 'しゅうい', it does not fit the context of '自分の___' (one's own ___), as one cannot possess 'public opinion' in the same way one possesses 'surroundings'.

• 周囲しゅうい — surroundings, environment, perimeter
• 異文化いぶんか — different culture, foreign culture
• 重要性じゅうようせい — importance
• 盛さかんに — actively, frequently, popularly
• 認識にんしき — recognition, awareness, understanding
• 劣おとらず — not inferior to, equally (used as 〜に劣らず: not less than)

せいい is 誠意 (sincerity, good faith). The sentence means 'I realized that sincerity and effort are needed to maintain a good relationship.' 誠意 is the standard word for 'sincerity; good faith.'

• 2精意 is not a standard word. 精 (せい) means 'spirit/energy' and does not collocate with 意 in this way.
• 3征意 is not a real word. 征 (せい) means 'to subjugate/conquer' and is unrelated.
• 4聖意 is not a standard word. 聖 (せい) means 'sacred/holy' and does not fit the context of maintaining a relationship.

• 誠意せいい — sincerity, good faith
• 継続けいぞく — continuation, maintaining
• 通感つうかん — (not a standard word)

つうかん here is 痛感 (to keenly feel / deeply realize). The sentence says 'I keenly felt that sincerity and effort are needed to maintain a good relationship.' 痛感 means to feel something strongly/bitterly, which fits the context of a hard-earned realization.

• 1通感 is not a standard Japanese word. 通 (つう) + 感 (かん) does not form a recognized compound.
• 2通観 (つうかん) means 'a comprehensive view / overview,' which does not fit the emotional depth of realizing something through experience.
• 3痛観 is not a standard word. 痛 + 観 is not an established compound.

• 痛感つうかん — to keenly feel, to deeply realize
• 通観つうかん — comprehensive view, overview
• 努力どりょく — effort

しょみん is 庶民 (common people, the masses). The sentence means 'This statistical material contains valuable data for knowing the lives of common people.' 庶民 is the standard term for ordinary/common people.

• 1署民 is not a real word. 署 (しょ) means 'sign/office' and does not combine with 民.
• 3処民 is not a real word. 処 (しょ) means 'place/handle' and does not combine with 民.
• 4諸民 is not a standard word. 諸 (しょ) means 'various' and does not form this compound.

• 庶民しょみん — common people, the masses
• 統計とうけい — statistics
• 資料しりょう — materials, data

きちょうな is 貴重な (valuable, precious). The sentence says 'valuable data is recorded.' 貴重 is the standard adjective meaning 'valuable/precious,' commonly modifying nouns like データ, 時間, and 体験.

• 2希重 is not a real word. 希 (き) means 'rare/hope' but does not combine with 重 in this way.
• 3希超 is not a real word. This is a fabricated combination of kanji.
• 4貴超 is not a real word. This is a fabricated combination of kanji.

• 貴重きちょう — valuable, precious
• データ（でーた） — data
• 記載きさい — being recorded/published

きさいされる is 記載される (to be recorded/published/listed). The sentence says 'valuable data is recorded in this statistical material.' 記載 is the standard compound: 記 (to record/write) + 載 (to carry/publish), meaning 'to put in writing, to record in a document.'

• 1記戴 is not a standard word. 戴 (たい/だい) means 'to receive/wear on the head' and is the wrong kanji.
• 2記栽 is not a standard word. 栽 (さい) means 'to plant/cultivate' and is the wrong kanji.
• 4記裁 is not a standard word. 裁 (さい) means 'to cut/judge' and is the wrong kanji.

• 記載きさい — to record, to publish (in writing)
• 載さい — to carry (in print), to publish
• 記き — to write down, to record