N1 Vocabulary · Test 107

The reading こくふく corresponds to 克服, meaning 'to overcome.' The phrase しょうがいをこくふくして means 'overcoming a disability.' 克 means 'to conquer/overcome' and 服 means 'to submit/yield,' together giving the sense of conquering something (a difficulty, disability, hardship).

• 1刻服 is not a real word. 刻 (こく) means 'to carve/engrave' and does not combine with 服 in this way.
• 2刻覆 is not a real word. 覆 (ふく) means 'to overturn,' but 刻覆 is not a standard compound.
• 4克覆 is not a standard word. While both kanji individually have plausible readings, the established compound is 克服, not 克覆.

• 克服こくふく — to overcome, to conquer (a difficulty, hardship, disability)

The reading こうけん corresponds to 貢献, meaning 'contribution.' The phrase 社会にこうけんした means 'contributed to society.' 貢 means 'to contribute/dedicate' and 献 means 'to offer/dedicate,' together forming the standard word for making a contribution.

• 1公賢 is not a real word. 公 (こう) means 'public' and 賢 (けん) means 'wise,' but this compound does not exist.
• 2公献 is not a real word. While 公 and 献 each have the right on-readings, this is not an established compound.
• 3貢賢 is not a real word. 貢 is correct for 'contribution,' but 賢 (wise) is the wrong second kanji; the correct partner is 献.

• 貢献こうけん — contribution, to contribute

The reading はげまされた corresponds to 励まされた, the passive past form of 励ます (はげます), meaning 'to encourage.' The sentence says the reader 'was greatly encouraged' (非常に励まされた). 励 (はげ) with the okurigana まされた gives the correct reading and meaning.

• 1努まされた is not correct. 努 is read ど (as in 努力, どりょく) and does not carry the reading はげ.
• 3勧まされた is not correct. 勧 is read すす (as in 勧める, すすめる, to recommend/advise) and does not read はげ.
• 4激まされた is not correct. 激 is read げき (as in 激しい, はげしい) and does not combine with the okurigana まされる to form a real verb.

• 励はげまされる — to be encouraged (passive of 励ます)

The reading かえりみる corresponds to 顧みる, meaning 'to look back on, to reflect on, to take into consideration.' The phrase 家庭をかえりみることなく means 'without paying attention to / neglecting one's family.' 顧 (こ/かえり) means 'to look back, to turn one's eyes back,' and with みる it forms the verb 顧みる.

• 1観みる is not a standard word. 観 is read かん (as in 観察, かんさつ) and does not read かえり.
• 3慮みる is not the correct match. 慮る is read おんぱかる or ろする, meaning 'to consider/take into account,' and does not read かえりみる.
• 4鑑みる is read かんがみる, meaning 'to take as a model/reference,' which is a different word with a different reading and nuance.

• 顧かえりみる — to look back on, to reflect on, to pay heed to
• 慮おんぱかる — to consider, to take into account
• 鑑かんがみる — to take as a model, to judge by reference to

The reading きずく corresponds to 築く, meaning 'to build, to construct' (used for relationships, foundations, careers, etc.). The phrase 強い家族関係をきずく means 'to build strong family relationships.' 築 (ちく/きず) means 'to build/construct,' and with the okurigana く it forms the verb 築く.

• 1気付く is read きづく (with a long う sound), meaning 'to notice, to become aware.' It is a completely different word and does not fit the context of building relationships.
• 2傷く is not a real word. 傷 is read きず (as in 傷, きず, a wound) but does not form a verb きずく.
• 3建く is not a standard verb. 建 appears in 建てる (たてる, to build/erect a structure) but does not read きずく.

• 築きずく — to build, to construct (relationships, foundations, careers)
• 気付きづく — to notice, to become aware of

大規模な (だいきぼな) means 'large-scale.' The sentence reads: 'A system that can immediately respond to large-scale disasters is being studied/examined.' 大 (big) + 規模 (scale) is the correct compound adjective.

• 2大基模な is not a valid word. 基 (キ) is a different kanji meaning 'foundation/base,' and 模 alone does not form the word 規模.
• 3大規漠な is not a valid word. 漠 (バク, vague/desert) is a lookalike for 模 (ボ/モ, pattern/model). 規漠 is not a real compound.
• 4大基漠な is not a valid word. Both 基 and 漠 are incorrect substitutions for 規 and 模 respectively.

• 大規模だいきぼ — large-scale
• 規模きぼ — scale, scope
• 模モ/ボ — pattern, model, imitation
• 漠バク — vague, extensive (as in 漠然)

災害 (さいがい) means 'disaster, calamity.' The sentence is about a system to respond to large-scale disasters. 災 (calamity/disaster) + 害 (harm/damage) is the correct compound.

• 1砕害 is not a real word. 砕 (サイ, to smash/crush) is a lookalike with the same reading サイ but wrong meaning.
• 3催害 is not a real word. 催 (サイ, to host/sponsor, as in 催す) shares the reading サイ but is unrelated.
• 4最害 is not a real word. 最 (サイ, most/extreme) shares the reading but does not form a valid compound with 害.

• 災害さいがい — disaster, calamity
• 災サイ — calamity, disaster
• 害ガイ — harm, damage

即座に (そくざに) means 'immediately, instantly, on the spot.' The sentence says a system that can 'immediately respond' to large-scale disasters is being examined. 即 (immediate/instant) + 座 (seat/occasion) forms the correct adverb.

• 1則座に is not the standard form. 則 (ソク, rule, as in 規則) is a lookalike with the same reading but wrong kanji. The correct compound uses 即, not 則.
• 2速座に is not a valid word. 速 (ソク/スク, fast) shares the reading but does not form the compound 即座.
• 4促座に is not a valid word. 促 (ソク, to urge/promote, as in 促す) shares the reading but is the wrong kanji.

• 即座そくざに — immediately, instantly
• 即ソク — immediate, instant
• 則ソク — rule, law (as in 規則)
• 促ソク — to urge, prompt

態勢 (たいせい) means 'posture, stance, preparedness, setup.' The sentence says 'A 態勢 (preparedness/system) that can immediately respond to large-scale disasters is being examined.' 態 (attitude/state) + 勢 (force/momentum) is the correct compound, commonly used in phrases like 態勢を整える (to prepare/set up).

• 2帯製 is not a real word. 帯 (タイ, belt/sash) and 製 (セイ, manufacture) are lookalikes with the same readings but form no valid compound.
• 3態整 is not a real word. While 態 is correct, 整 (セイ, to organize/adjust) does not form the compound 態勢. 整 is used in words like 整備 (せいび).
• 4帯整 is not a real word. Both kanji are incorrect substitutions.

• 態勢たいせい — posture, preparedness, setup, stance
• 態タイ — attitude, state, condition
• 勢セイ — force, momentum, strength

検討 (けんとう) means 'examination, study, investigation, consideration.' The sentence says a preparedness system is 'being examined/studied' (検討されている). 検 (examine) + 討 (discuss/investigate) is the correct compound, very common in 検討する (to study/examine a matter).

• 1見当 (けんとう) is a real word with the same reading, but it means 'guess, estimate, approximation' (as in 見当がつく, to have a rough idea). It does not fit the context of examining/studying a system. This is a deliberate same-reading distractor.
• 2見討 is not a real word. 見 (ケン) + 討 (トウ) do not form a valid compound.
• 3検当 is not a real word. 検 is correct but 当 (トウ, hit/appropriate) does not form the compound 検討.

• 検討けんとう — examination, study, consideration
• 見当けんとう — guess, estimate, approximation
• 検ケン — to examine, inspect
• 討トウ — to discuss, investigate, attack