N1 Vocabulary · Test 105

Option 2 控えて (ひかえて) is correct. 控える means 'to hold back, to restrain, to keep in moderation.' The sentence says the amount of sugar has been reduced/held back compared to ordinary cakes. ひかえてあります means 'it has been kept low/restrained.'

• 1抑えて would be read おさえて, from 抑える (to suppress, to hold down). It is a near-synonym but does not read ひかえて.
• 3整えて would be read ととのえて, from 整える (to arrange, to put in order). Wrong reading and wrong meaning for this context.
• 4慮えて is not a standard reading; 慮る reads おもんぱかる/おもんばかる (to consider, to take into account). It does not read ひかえる.

• 控ひかえる — to hold back, to restrain, to keep in moderation
• 抑おさえる — to suppress, to hold down
• 整ととのえる — to arrange, to put in order

Option 1 栽培 (さいばい) is correct, meaning 'cultivation.' The sentence means 'The grapes I was cultivating were completely destroyed by frost.' 栽 (さい, to cultivate/plant) + 培 (ばい, to cultivate/nurture).

• 2菜培 uses 菜 (さい/な, vegetable) instead of 栽; it is a look-alike distractor.
• 3栽陪 uses 陪 (ばい, to accompany) instead of 培; the second character is wrong.
• 4菜陪 has both characters wrong; neither 菜 nor 陪 is the correct kanji here.

• 栽培さいばい — cultivation, growing (crops)
• ぶどう — grape(s)
• 全滅ぜんめつ — total destruction, annihilation

Option 3 霜 (しも) is correct, meaning 'frost.' The sentence says the cultivated grapes were completely destroyed because of frost. Frost damages crops, which fits the context perfectly.

• 1雷 reads かみなり (thunder), not しも.
• 2雹 reads ひょう (hail), not しも. While hail can damage crops, it does not match the reading しも.
• 4霧 reads きり (fog), not しも.

• 霜しも — frost
• 雷かみなり — thunder
• 雹ひょう — hail
• 霧きり — fog

Option 3 全滅 (ぜんめつ) is correct, meaning 'total destruction, annihilation, wiped out.' The sentence says the grapes being cultivated were completely wiped out due to frost. 全 (ぜん, all/complete) + 滅 (めつ, to destroy/perish).

• 1全威 is not a real word; 威 (い, authority/intimidation) does not read めつ.
• 2全減 is not a standard compound meaning 'total destruction'; 減 reads げん/へる (to decrease), not めつ.
• 4全緘 is not a real word; 緘 reads かん (to seal), not めつ.

• 全滅ぜんめつ — total destruction, annihilation, being wiped out
• ため — because of, due to

Option 3 幹部 (かんぶ) is correct, meaning 'executives, leading officials, management.' The sentence means 'The executives were replaced and the conservative faction decreased.' 幹 (かん, trunk/core) + 部 (ぶ, division/part).

• 1肝部 is not a standard word; 肝 reads かん (liver/guts) and is a look-alike for 幹.
• 2官部 is not a standard compound in this sense; 官 reads かん (official/government) and is a look-alike distractor.
• 4冠部 is not a standard word; 冠 reads かん (crown) and is a look-alike distractor.

• 幹部かんぶ — executives, leading officials, management
• 交代こうたい — replacement, changeover (also 交替)
• 保守派ほしゅは — conservative faction

The correct answer is 3 (偽造). ぎぞう means 'counterfeiting' or 'forgery.' 偽(ぎ) means 'fake/false' and 造(ぞう) means 'make/build,' so 偽造 is the standard word for making counterfeit items, especially money.

• 1技造 — 技(ぎ) means 'skill/technique.' 'technique-make' is not a word; it uses the same reading ぎ but the wrong kanji.
• 2欺造 — 欺(ぎ) means 'deceive' and is close in nuance, but the established compound for counterfeiting is 偽造, not 欺造. This is a plausible distractor.
• 4擬造 — 擬(ぎ) means 'imitate/mimic' (as in 擬態). While related in meaning, the correct term for counterfeiting currency is 偽造, not 擬造.

• 偽造ぎぞう — counterfeiting, forgery
• 防ふせぐ — to prevent, to protect against

The correct answer is 4 (特殊). とくしゅな means 'special' or 'unusual,' modifying インク (ink). 特殊(とくしゅ) means 'special/exceptional' and can take な to modify a noun: 特殊なインク = 'special ink.'

• 1特有 — 特有(とくゆう) means 'unique/peculiar (to).' It is followed by の, not な (特有の), and means 'inherent/unique to something,' not 'special.'
• 2特色 — 特色(とくしょく) means 'characteristic/distinctive feature.' It is a noun, not a な-adjective, and does not fit the な modifier pattern here.
• 3特集 — 特集(とくしゅう) means 'special feature (e.g., in a magazine).' It is a noun and semantically unrelated to ink.

• 特殊とくしゅ — special, exceptional (な-adjective)
• 特有とくゆう — unique, peculiar (to)
• 特色とくしょく — characteristic, distinctive feature
• 特集とくしゅう — special feature (in media)

The correct answer is 4 (拘束). こうさく means 'restriction/constraint/binding.' 拘(こう) means 'restrain/bind' and 束(そく) means 'bind/tie.' 拘束 is the standard word for being bound or restricted (e.g., 拘束時間 = working hours one is obligated to be present). The sentence says part-time work has fewer time constraints.

• 1抗則 — 抗(こう) means 'resist/oppose' and 則(そく) means 'rule.' This is not a real word; both kanji share the right readings but form no valid compound.
• 2拘則 — 拘(こう) is correct but 則(そく) means 'rule,' not 'bind.' 拘則 is not an established word for 'restriction.'
• 3抗束 — 抗(こう) means 'resist/oppose' and 束(そく) means 'bind.' This is not a real word; the first kanji is wrong.

• 拘束こうさく — restriction, constraint, binding
• パート（ぱーと） — part-time work
• 比くらべて — compared to

The correct answer is 1 (正規). せいき means 'regular/official.' 正(せい) means 'proper/correct' and 規(き) means 'rule/standard.' 正規の社員 (せいきのしゃいん) is the standard term for 'regular employee' (full-time, as opposed to part-time). The sentence contrasts part-time workers with regular employees.

• 2成規 — 成(せい) means 'become/accomplish' and 規(き) means 'rule.' 成規 is not used to mean 'regular employee'; it is not the standard term.
• 3正期 — 正(せい) is correct but 期(き) means 'period/time.' 正期 is not a word used for 'regular employee.'
• 4成期 — 成(せい) means 'become' and 期(き) means 'period.' This is not a real compound for 'regular.'

• 正規せいき — regular, official (e.g., 正規社員 = regular employee)
• 社員しゃいん — employee (of a company)

The correct answer is 4 (待遇). たいぐう means 'treatment/working conditions.' 待(たい) means 'treat/handle' and 遇(ぐう) means 'treatment/reception.' 待遇が悪い means 'the treatment (pay, benefits, conditions) is poor.' The sentence says part-timers have fewer time constraints but worse treatment than regular employees.

• 1対隅 — 対(たい) means 'opposite/against' and 隅(ぐう) means 'corner.' This is not a real word; 隅 is a lookalike with the reading すみ/ぐう but wrong meaning.
• 2待隅 — 待(たい) is correct but 隅(ぐう) means 'corner.' 待隅 is not a word; the second kanji is wrong.
• 3対遇 — 対(たい) means 'opposite/against' and 遇(ぐう) is correct. However, the established compound is 待遇, not 対遇. The first kanji must be 待 (treat), not 対 (oppose/face).

• 待遇たいぐう — treatment, working conditions, compensation
• 悪わるい — bad, poor