N1 Vocabulary · Test 103

The reading せんでん corresponds to 宣伝, meaning 'advertising / promotion / propaganda.' 宣（せん）means 'to declare/proclaim' and 伝（でん）means 'to transmit/convey.' Together they form the standard word for advertising. The sentence means: 'Aiming to reduce costs, they stopped advertising the product on TV.'

• 1宜伝 is not a valid word. 宜（ぎ/よろしい）is a different kanji meaning 'suitable/proper,' often seen in 宜しく. It does not combine with 伝.
• 2宣電 is not a valid word. 電（でん）means 'electricity/telegraph,' which is unrelated to the concept of advertising.
• 4宜電 is not a valid word. It combines two kanji that do not form any recognized compound.

• 宣伝せんでん — advertising, promotion, propaganda
• 削減さくげん — reduction

The reading とく corresponds to 説く, meaning 'to explain / to persuade / to advocate.' The sentence means: 'There are people who advocate (explain) the importance of developing this region, but isn't forest conservation just as important?' 説く takes a noun phrase (重要性) as its object, meaning 'to make a case for / to argue for.'

• 1解く（とく）means 'to solve / to undo / to untie' (e.g., 問題を解く, 紐を解く). While it shares the reading とく, it does not fit the context of advocating or explaining the importance of something.
• 3評く is not a standard verb. 評（ひょう）appears in 評価（ひょうか, evaluation）, but 評く is not a recognized word.
• 4講く is not a standard verb. 講（こう）appears in 講義（こうぎ, lecture）, but 講く is not a recognized word.

• 説とく — to explain, to persuade, to advocate
• 重要性じゅうようせい — importance
• 森林保全しんりんほぜん — forest conservation

The reading おとらず corresponds to 劣らず, the negative form of 劣る（おとる, to be inferior to）. ～に劣らず means 'not inferior to / just as ... as.' The sentence means: '...but isn't forest conservation just as important (not inferior in importance)?' The pattern それにおとらず correctly means 'not inferior to that.'

• 2降らず（ふらず）is the negative form of 降る（ふる, to fall, as rain/snow）. The reading ふらず does not match おとらず, and the meaning is unrelated.
• 3落らす is not a valid Japanese word. It appears to be a garbled or malformed option (see issues).
• 4負らず（まらず）is the negative form of 負る（まる, to bear/carry）, but 負る is uncommon and the reading まらず does not match おとらず. 負ける（まける, to lose）is a different verb.

• 劣おとらず — not inferior to (～に劣らず: just as ... as)
• 劣おとる — to be inferior to

The reading ひさいち corresponds to 被災地, meaning 'disaster-stricken area.' 被（ひ）means 'to suffer/receive (damage)' and 災（さい）means 'disaster,' 地（ち）means 'area/place.' The sentence means: 'Many volunteers rushed to the disaster-stricken area to provide relief.'

• 1悲最地 is not a valid word. 悲（ひ）means 'sadness/grief' and 最（さい）means 'most,' neither of which relates to disasters. The combination is meaningless.
• 3悲災地 is not a valid word. 悲（ひ, sadness）is the wrong kanji — it should be 被（ひ, to suffer）. 災地 alone is not standard either.
• 4被最地 is not a valid word. While 被 is correct, 最（さい, most）is the wrong kanji — it should be 災（さい, disaster）.

• 被災地ひさいち — disaster-stricken area
• 被災ひさい — suffering from a disaster
• ボランティア（ぼらんてぃあ） — volunteer
• 駆かけつける — to rush to (a place)

The reading きゅうえん corresponds to 救援, meaning 'relief / rescue / aid.' 救（きゅう）means 'to save/rescue' and 援（えん）means 'to aid/assist.' Together they form the standard word for relief efforts. The sentence means: 'Many volunteers rushed to the disaster area for relief.'

• 1救演 is not a valid word. 救（きゅう, rescue）is correct, but 演（えん, performance/enactment）is unrelated to aid. 演 appears in 演劇（えんげき）or 演説（えんぜつ）.
• 2急演 is not a valid word. 急（きゅう, urgent）shares the reading but means 'urgent/rush,' and 演（えん）means 'performance.' Neither relates to relief.
• 4急援 is not a valid word. 急（きゅう, urgent）is the wrong kanji — it should be 救（きゅう, rescue）. While 援（えん, aid）is correct, the compound 急援 does not exist.

• 救援きゅうえん — relief, rescue, aid
• 救すくう — to save, to rescue
• 援たすける — to help, to aid (also written 助ける)

The underlined word はで(な) means 'showy, flashy' and is written 派手. 派手な模様 = 'showy patterns,' which matches the context of pink and purple clothing.

• 1派出 is not an established word; it uses the kanji 派 correctly but pairs it with 出, which does not yield the meaning or reading はで.
• 2波出 is not an established word; 波 (なみ, wave) is unrelated to 'showy.'
• 4波手 is not an established word; it combines 波 and 手, neither of which gives the reading or meaning はで.

• 派手はで — showy, flashy, gaudy

The underlined word もよう means 'pattern, design' and is written 模様. 派手な模様の服 = 'clothes with showy patterns,' fitting the context.

• 1紋葉 is not a real word; it mixes 紋 (もん, crest) and 葉 (よう/は, leaf).
• 2紋様 is a real word meaning 'pattern/crest design,' but it is read もんよう, not もよう, so it does not match the underlined reading.
• 3模葉 is not a real word; it pairs 模 (も, pattern) with 葉 (よう/は, leaf), which is incorrect.

• 模様もよう — pattern, design
• 紋様もんよう — crest pattern, formal design (different word/reading)

The underlined word かじょうがき means 'itemized writing / listing items' and is written 箇条書き. The employees itemized their demands, so this fits: 'The employees put their demands in itemized form and, banding together, asked the company for better treatment.'

• 2箇状書き replaces 条 with 状 (じょう, condition/state). 状 is a lookalike with the same reading じょう, but the fixed word is 箇条書き, not 箇状書き.
• 3固条書き replaces 箇 with 固 (こ, solid/firm). 固 has the reading こ, but the correct first kanji is 箇.
• 4固状書き changes both kanji to 固 and 状. Neither is the standard orthography for かじょうがき.

• 箇条書かじょうがき — itemized list, writing in numbered items
• 結束けっそく — to band together, unite, solidify
• 待遇たいぐう — treatment, working conditions

The underlined word けっそく means 'to band together / unite (in solidarity)' and is written 結束. The employees united to demand better treatment, so 結束して ('banding together') is correct.

• 1決束 is not a real word; 決 (けつ, decision) is a lookalike with the same reading けつ, but the correct kanji is 結.
• 2決則 is not a real word in this context; 決則 would suggest 'decision rule,' unrelated to uniting.
• 4結則 is not a real word; it keeps the correct 結 but pairs it with 則 (そく, rule), which does not form the word けっそく.

• 結束けっそく — to band together, unite, stand together (in solidarity)

The underlined word たいぐう means 'treatment / working conditions' and is written 待遇. 待遇改善 = 'improvement of treatment/conditions,' which is exactly what the employees demanded from the company.

• 1待偶 is not a real word; 偶 (ぐう, chance/pair) is a lookalike with the same reading ぐう, but the correct second kanji is 遇.
• 3対偶 replaces 待 with 対 (たい, opposite/versus). 対 has the reading たい, but the correct first kanji is 待.
• 4対遇 changes both kanji to 対 and 遇. 対遇 is not the standard word for 'treatment/conditions.'

• 待遇たいぐう — treatment, working conditions, compensation/conditions