N1 Vocabulary · Test 102

The correct option is 1: 襲った. The verb being tested is おそう (襲う), which means 'to attack', 'to strike', or 'to assault'. In the past tense, it conjugates to おそった (襲った). In this sentence, it is used to describe typhoons striking the Japanese archipelago one after another.

• 2恐った is wrong. The kanji 恐 is used in words like 恐れる (おそれる, to fear) or 恐ろしい (おそろしい, terrifying). While 恐 can be read as 'oso', there is no standard verb 'おそう' written with this kanji that fits the context of a typhoon striking.
• 3脅った is wrong. The kanji 脅 is used in verbs like 脅す (おどす, to threaten) or 脅かす (おびやかす, to intimidate). The past tense of 脅す is 脅した (おどした), not おそった.
• 4怖った is wrong. The kanji 怖 is primarily used in the adjective 怖い (こわい, scary). Its past tense is 怖かった (こわかった), not おそった.

• 襲おそう — to attack, to strike, to assault
• 恐おそれる — to fear, to be afraid of
• 脅おどす — to threaten, to intimidate
• 怖こわい — scary, frightening

The correct option is 2, 収穫 (しゅうかく). In the context of the sentence, typhoons and long rains affected the 'harvest' of agricultural crops. The kanji 穫 specifically means to reap or harvest crops, making 収穫 the standard and correct word for 'harvest'.

• 1収獲 uses the kanji 獲, which means to catch or obtain (often used for animals or abstract rewards, as in 捕獲 'capture' or 獲得 'acquisition'). It is not used for reaping crops.
• 3集獲 is not a standard Japanese word. The kanji 集 means 'to gather', and combined with 獲 it does not form a valid term for harvesting crops.
• 4集穫 is not a standard Japanese word. While 穫 is the correct kanji for reaping crops, pairing it with 集 ('to gather') instead of 収 ('to obtain/yield') makes it incorrect.

• 収穫しゅうかく — harvest, reaping (of crops)
• 収しゅう — to obtain, yield, bring in
• 穫かく — to reap (crops)
• 獲かく — to catch, obtain (animals, rewards)
• 集しゅう — to gather, collect

The correct option is 3: 影響 (えいきょう). In the context of the sentence, the typhoons and long rains had a big 'influence' or 'effect' on the harvest. 影響 is the standard and correct kanji compound for this meaning, combining 影 (shadow/effect) and 響 (echo/sound).

• 1映響 is not a valid Japanese word. The kanji 映 (えい) means 'to reflect' or 'to shine' and is seen in words like 映画 (えいが, movie) or 反映 (はんえい, reflection). It is a deliberate distractor sharing the same first reading 'えい'.
• 2映況 is not a valid Japanese word. It combines the kanji 映 (reflect) and 況/況 (condition/situation, seen in words like 状況 じょうきょう). It is a fabricated distractor designed to look plausible.
• 4影況 is not a valid Japanese word. While 影 is the correct first kanji, the second kanji 況/況 means 'condition' or 'situation' and does not pair with 影 to mean 'influence'. It is a distractor using a lookalike kanji with the same reading 'きょう'.

• 影響えいきょう — influence, effect
• 襲おそう — to attack, to strike (as in a disaster)
• 収穫しゅうかく — harvest, crop
• 与あたえる — to give, to cause (e.g., damage/influence)

The correct option is 4. 与えた (あたえた, ataeta). The verb 与える means 'to give' or 'to provide,' and is specifically used for giving abstract things such as influence, damage, or shock. In this sentence, the phrase えいきょうをあたえる (影響を与える) means 'to affect' or 'to exert an influence.' The typhoons and long rains exerted a big influence on the harvest.

• 1授えた is wrong. The kanji 授 is used in the verb 授ける (さずける, sazukeru), which means 'to grant' or 'to confer' (e.g., a degree, title, or knowledge from a superior to a subordinate). It does not read as 'ataeru' and is not used with 影響 (influence).
• 2受えた is wrong. The kanji 受 is used in the verb 受ける (うける, ukeru), which means 'to receive' or 'to accept.' It does not read as 'ataeru' and represents the opposite action of what the sentence requires.
• 3給えた is wrong. The kanji 給 is used in the verb 給う (たまう, tamau), which is an honorific verb meaning 'to give.' It does not read as 'ataeru' and is grammatically incorrect with this okurigana.

• 与あたえる — to give, to provide (especially abstract things like influence, damage, etc.)
• 影響えいきょう — influence, effect
• 収穫しゅうかく — harvest, crop
• 襲おそう — to strike, to attack (used for natural disasters hitting an area)

The correct option is 1. The reading 'あいついだ' (aitsuida) corresponds to the past tense of the verb 相次ぐ (あいつぐ), which means 'to happen one after another' or 'to occur in succession'. In the context of the sentence, 'あいついだ不正事件' means 'successive illegal incidents', which makes perfect sense.

• 2Option 2 uses the kanji 着 (ちゃく/き/つく), which does not have the reading 'つ' in this context. The word 相着いだ does not exist in Japanese.
• 3Option 3 uses the kanji 合 (あう/ごう/がっ), which can be read as 'あい' in some compounds, but the correct verb is 相次ぐ, not 合次ぐ. This is a deliberate distractor using a lookalike kanji for the first character.
• 4Option 4 combines both incorrect kanji 合 and 着. Neither character fits the reading 'つ', and the word 合着いだ does not exist.

• 相次あいつぐ — to happen one after another, to occur in succession
• 言及げんきゅうする — to mention, to refer to
• 再発さいはつ — recurrence, happening again
• 防止ぼうし — prevention
• 強調きょうちょうする — to emphasize, to stress

The reading じったい corresponds to 実態, meaning 'actual state' or 'actual conditions.' The sentence says 'the actual situation has hardly changed' despite various attempts. 実態 fits perfectly: it refers to the real, concrete state of affairs on the ground.

• 1事態 (じたい) means 'state of affairs' or 'situation' (often used for emergencies or developments). It is read じたい (no gemination), not じったい, and refers more to a developing situation rather than the underlying reality.
• 3実隊 is not a real word. 隊 (たい) means 'squad/unit/troop,' and combining it with 実 produces a non-existent term.
• 4事隊 is not a real word. This is a fabricated combination of 事 and 隊.

• 実態じったい — actual state, actual conditions
• 事態じたい — state of affairs, situation

The reading けんめい here corresponds to 懸命, meaning 'desperate, strenuous, with all one's might.' The phrase 一生懸命 (いっしょうけんめい) is a very common set expression meaning 'with utmost effort.' The sentence says 'the employees worked with all their might.'

• 1賢明 (けんめい) is a real word meaning 'wise, sensible,' but it is an adjective (賢明な), not used in the adverbial pattern 一生賢明に. It does not convey the sense of desperate effort that the sentence requires.
• 2賢命 is not a real word. It combines 賢 (wise) and 命 (life/fate) but has no established meaning.
• 4懸明 is not a real word. It combines 懸 (suspend/hang) and 明 (bright) but has no established meaning.

• 一生懸命いっしょうけんめい — with all one's might, with utmost effort
• 懸命けんめい — desperate, strenuous
• 賢明けんめい — wise, sensible (homophone but different meaning and usage)

The reading きどう corresponds to 軌道, meaning 'orbit' or 'track.' The phrase 軌道に乗る (きどうにのる) is a common idiom meaning 'to get on track' or 'to start running smoothly.' The sentence says 'the company's management got on track.'

• 1既動 is not a real word. 既 (すでに/き) means 'already' and 動 (どう) means 'movement,' but this compound does not exist.
• 2軌動 is not a real word. 軌 (き) means 'track/rail' and 動 (どう) means 'movement,' but this compound does not exist. The correct compound uses 道, not 動.
• 4既道 is not a real word. This is a fabricated combination of 既 and 道.

• 軌道きどう — orbit, track
• 軌道に乗る（きどうにのる） — to get on track, to start running smoothly

The reading けいぞく corresponds to 継続, meaning 'continuation' or 'to continue.' The sentence says 'I realized that sincerity and effort are necessary to continue a good relationship.' 継続する (けいぞくする) means 'to continue/maintain.'

• 1綱続 is not a real word. 綱 (つな/こう) means 'rope/guideline,' and combining it with 続 produces a non-existent compound. This is a lookalike distractor using a similar kanji.
• 3緯続 is not a real word. 緯 (い) means 'latitude/weft,' and this compound does not exist. Another lookalike distractor.
• 4維続 is not a real word. 維 (い) appears in 維持 (いじ, maintenance), but 維続 is not an established compound. This is a plausible-looking distractor combining 維 with 続.

• 継続けいぞく — continuation, to continue
• 痛感つうかん — to deeply realize, to feel keenly
• 誠意せいい — sincerity, good faith