N1 Vocabulary · Test 101

ていこう is written 抵抗, meaning 'resistance.' The sentence means 'I am proud of my brave father who pinned down the criminal who resisted and rampaged.' Option 1, 抵抗, is the correct kanji compound: 抵 (resist) + 抗 (oppose).

• 2抵攻 uses 攻 (attack) instead of 抗. This is not a real word; it is a lookalike distractor playing on the similar shape of 抗 and 攻.
• 3邸坑 is not a real word. 邸 (mansion) and 坑 (pit/mine) are unrelated kanji that happen to share the readings てい and こう.
• 4邸巧 is not a real word. 邸 (mansion) and 巧 (skillful) are unrelated kanji sharing the readings てい and こう.

• 抵抗ていこう — resistance
• 押さえ込む（おさえこむ） — to pin down, subdue

あばれる is written 暴れる, meaning 'to act violently, to rampage, to behave wildly.' The sentence describes a criminal who resisted and rampaged. Option 3, 暴れる, is the correct verb.

• 1妨れる is not a real verb form. 妨 means 'obstruct/hinder' (さまたげる), and there is no verb あばれる associated with it. This is a fabricated distractor.
• 2荒れる (あれる) means 'to become rough/wild/desolate' (e.g., weather, skin, land). It is read あれる, not あばれる, and does not mean 'to rampage' in the active sense of a person acting violently.
• 4奮れる is not a real verb form. 奋/奮 appears in 奮闘 (ふんとう) and 奮える (ふるえる, to be inspired), but there is no verb あばれる associated with it.

• 暴あばれる — to act violently, rampage
• 荒あれる — to become rough, wild, desolate

ゆうかんな is written 勇敢な, meaning 'brave, courageous.' The sentence describes the speaker's father as brave. Option 2, 勇敢な, is the correct compound: 勇 (courage) + 敢 (boldness/daring).

• 1勇肝な is not a real word. 肝 (liver/spirit) shares the reading かん but does not form the standard compound for 'brave.'
• 3雄肝な is not a real word. 雄 (male/heroic) and 肝 (liver/spirit) are individually plausible kanji but do not form a recognized word.
• 4雄敢な is not a real word. 雄 (male/heroic) + 敢 (bold) is a fabricated distractor using a near-synonymous first kanji.

• 勇敢ゆうかんな — brave, courageous

ほこりに思う is written 誇りに思う, meaning 'to feel proud of.' The sentence means 'I am proud of my brave father who pinned down the criminal.' Option 3, 誇り, is the correct noun: 誇 means 'boast/pride.' The expression 誇りに思う is a fixed phrase meaning 'to be proud of.'

• 1賞り is not a real word. 賞 (しょう) means 'prize/award' and is not read ほこり.
• 2誉り is not a standard way to write this word. While 誉 (ほめる, to praise) is related to praise, the noun 'pride' is written 誇り, not 誉り.
• 4褒り is not a real word. 褒 (ほめる, to praise) is a verb stem, not the noun for 'pride.' The noun ほこり (pride) uses 誇.

• 誇ほこり — pride
• 誇りに思う（ほこりにおもう） — to be proud of

The reading しょうがい corresponds to 障害, meaning 'disability' or 'handicap.' The sentence says: 'I read a biography of a person who overcame a disability (しょうがいをこくふくして) and contributed to society, and was greatly encouraged.' 障害 is the standard word for a physical or mental disability.

• 2障慨 is not a real word. 慨 (がい) appears in words like 慨嘆 (がいたん, lamentation), but 障慨 does not exist.
• 3彰害 is not a real word. 彰 (しょう) means 'to manifest/clearly show' and appears in 彰明 (しょうめい), but it is not combined with 害.
• 4彰慨 is not a real word. Neither kanji combination exists in standard Japanese.

• 障害しょうがい — disability, handicap, obstacle
• 伝記でんき — biography
• はげまされる（励まされる） — to be encouraged

The hiragana いはん corresponds to 違反 (いはん), meaning 'viation, infraction.' The sentence says 'His action was temporarily criticized as a violation of the rules.' 違反 is the standard compound: 違 (violate/differ) + 反 (oppose/violation).

• 1異判 is not a real word. 異 means 'different' and 判 means 'judgment/seal,' but this compound does not exist.
• 2異反 is not a real word. While both kanji exist, this combination is not used in Japanese.
• 3違判 is not a real word. 違 is correct but 判 ('judgment') is the wrong second kanji; the correct partner is 反.

• 違反いはん — violation, infraction
• 規則きそく — rule, regulation

The hiragana ひなん corresponds to 非難 (ひなん), meaning 'criticism, blame, censure.' The context — 'His action was temporarily (criticized) as a rule violation, but after investigation it was recognized as legitimate' — clearly calls for blame/criticism, not evacuation. 非難される is a common passive construction meaning 'to be criticized/condemned.'

• 1避難 (ひなん) means 'evacuation, taking refuge.' While it has the same reading, it does not fit the context — one does not 'evacuate' an action as a rule violation.
• 3否難 is not a real word. 否 means 'deny/negate' but this compound does not exist.
• 4被難 (ひなん) means 'suffering from a disaster.' It does not fit the context of criticizing someone's action.

• 非難ひなん — criticism, blame, censure
• 避難ひなん — evacuation, taking refuge
• 被難ひなん — suffering a disaster

The hiragana じじょう corresponds to 事情 (じじょう), meaning 'circumstances, situation.' 事情調査 (じじょうちょうさ) is a common compound meaning 'investigation of the circumstances.' The sentence says 'as a result of investigating the circumstances, his action was recognized as legitimate.'

• 1時状 is not a standard Japanese word. 時 means 'time' but this compound is not used.
• 2事状 is not a standard Japanese word. While 事 means 'matter/affair,' the correct compound with 情 is 事情.
• 4時情 is not a standard Japanese word. This is not used in Japanese.

• 事情じじょう — circumstances, situation
• 調査ちょうさ — investigation, survey

The hiragana せいとうな corresponds to 正当な (せいとうな), meaning 'legitimate, justifiable, proper.' 正当な行為 means 'a legitimate/proper action.' The sentence contrasts the initial criticism with the conclusion that the action was actually justified. 正当 is composed of 正 (correct/proper) + 当 (appropriate/fitting).

• 1正到な is not a real word. 到 means 'arrive/reach' and does not form this compound.
• 2正答 (せいとう) means 'correct answer' (as on a test), but 正答な is not used as an adjective modifying a noun like 行為. It is a noun, not a な-adjective.
• 3正等な is not a real word. 等 means 'equal/level/etc.' and does not form this compound.

• 正当せいとうな — legitimate, justifiable, proper
• 行為こうい — action, conduct
• 認みとめる — to recognize, to acknowledge

認められた (みとめられた) is the correct passive past form of 認める (to recognize/acknowledge/admit). In this context, the sentence means 'His conduct was initially deemed a violation of the rules and temporarily criticized, but after investigation of the circumstances, it was rather recognized as a legitimate act.' 認める fits perfectly: the investigation acknowledged/recognized his behavior as proper.

• 1許められた (ゆるめられた) is the passive of 許す (to permit/forgive). While plausible in form, the context is about recognizing/acknowledging the legitimacy of the act after investigation, not about forgiving or permitting it. Forgiveness implies a wrongdoing was pardoned, but the sentence says the act was actually正当 (legitimate).
• 2識められた does not exist as a standard word. 識 (ショク/シキ) appears in compounds like 認識 (にんしき, recognition) or 見識 (けんしき), but there is no verb 識める.
• 4譲められた (ゆずめられた) is the passive of 譲る (to yield/transfer/concede). This means 'was conceded/yielded,' which does not fit the context of acknowledging an act as legitimate.

• 認みとめる — to recognize, acknowledge, admit
• 許ゆるす — to permit, forgive
• 譲ゆずる — to yield, transfer, concede
• 非難ひなん — criticism, blame
• 正当せいとう — legitimate, proper, justified