N1 Vocabulary · Test 12

一環（いっかん）means 'a part of a larger plan or system.' The sentence says the school incorporates career-experience activities into classes as part (一環) of its education. The phrase 教育の一環として ('as part of the education program') is a very common fixed expression.

• 2一体（いったい）means 'unity' or 'integration,' and as an adverb can mean 'on earth' (in questions). It does not fit the pattern ～の一体として.
• 3内部（ないぶ）means 'interior' or 'inside.' 教育の内部として is unnatural; you would say 教育の内部で ('inside the education system'), not として.
• 4部門（ぶもん）means 'department' or 'division.' 教育の部門として would mean 'as a department of education,' which doesn't match the context of incorporating activities into a curriculum.

• 一環いっかん — a part (of a larger whole/plan)
• 一体いったい — unity; integration; (adverb) on earth
• 内部ないぶ — interior; inside
• 部門ぶもん — department; division

コンスタントに means 'consistently' or 'steadily.' The sentence says there is no particular season when the product sells well, and about 100 units sell each month consistently. コンスタントに fits perfectly: 毎月コンスタントに100個ほど売れる ('consistently sells about 100 each month').

• 1クリアに means 'clearly.' You might say クリアに説明する ('explain clearly'), but it doesn't describe a steady sales volume.
• 2ストレートに means 'directly' or 'straightforwardly,' used for communication or manner (e.g., ストレートに言う 'say it directly'). It doesn't describe consistent quantity.
• 3シンプルに means 'simply.' While you could say シンプルなデザイン, シンプルに売れる is unnatural for describing steady sales.

• コンスタントに — consistently; steadily
• クリアに — clearly
• ストレートに — directly; straightforwardly
• シンプルに — simply

よみがえって（よみがえる, 蘇る/甦る）means 'to revive' or 'to come back (of memories, feelings, etc.).' The sentence says that while talking with a former classmate, old memories came flooding back: 昔の記憶がよみがえってきた. This is the standard collocation for memories reviving.

• 1さかのぼって（遡る）means 'to go back in time' or 'to trace back.' While it relates to the past, it describes the act of tracing back chronologically, not memories spontaneously reviving. You would say 歴史をさかのぼる, not 記憶がさかのぼる.
• 3引き返して（引き返す）means 'to turn back' or 'to retrace one's steps' (physical movement). It cannot be used for memories.
• 4立ち直って（立ち直る）means 'to recover' or 'to get back on one's feet' (e.g., from a setback or illness). It applies to people recovering, not memories reviving.

• 蘇る/甦る（よみがえる） — to revive; to come back (memories, feelings)
• 遡さかのぼる — to go back (in time); to trace back
• 引き返す（ひきかえす） — to turn back; to retrace one's steps
• 立ち直る（たちなおる） — to recover; to get back on one's feet

念願（ねんがん）means 'long-cherished wish' or 'long-awaited.' 念願の金メダル means 'the long-awaited/long-desired gold medal.' The sentence describes an athlete who, on his third Olympic appearance, finally won the gold medal he had been longing for. 念願の＋名詞 is a common pattern meaning 'the long-desired ～.'

• 1意欲（いよく）means 'motivation' or 'eagerness.' 意欲の金メダル is grammatically and semantically unnatural; 意欲 describes an internal drive, not a quality of a medal.
• 2志願（しがん）means 'application' or 'volunteering' (e.g., 志願者 'applicant'). 志願の金メダル doesn't make sense—you don't 'apply' for a gold medal.
• 3欲求（よっきゅう）means 'desire' or 'urge' (a psychological term for basic drives). 欲求の金メダル is unnatural; 欲求 refers to an internal urge, not something you can attach to a medal as a modifier.

• 念願ねんがん — long-cherished wish; long-awaited
• 意欲いよく — motivation; eagerness
• 志願しがん — application; volunteering
• 欲求よっきゅう — desire; urge (psychological)

たたえた（称える/讃える）means 'to praise' or 'to commend.' The sentence says they presented a certificate of commendation to Suzuki and praised (たたえた) his years of meritorious service. 功績をたたえる ('to praise someone's achievements') is a standard collocation.

• 1敬った（うやまった, 敬う）means 'to respect' or 'to revere.' You respect a person (人を敬う), but you don't typically 敬う an achievement (功績). The object here is 功績, not the person.
• 2仰いだ（あおいだ, 仰ぐ）means 'to revere' or 'to look up to.' While it can mean respect, 仰ぐ takes a person as its object, not 功績. Also, 仰ぐ can mean 'to ask for advice' (仰ぐ), none of which fit here.
• 4もてなした（もてなした, もてなす）means 'to entertain' or 'to treat (a guest).' You もてなす a guest with food/hospitality, not someone's achievements.

• 称える/讃える（たたえる） — to praise; to commend
• 敬うやまう — to respect; to revere
• 仰あおぐ — to revere; to look up to; to ask for
• もてなす — to entertain; to treat (a guest)

粘り強く（ねばりづよく）means 'persistently, tenaciously' — continuing to do something without giving up despite difficulties. あきらめずに means 'without giving up,' which matches the idea of persistently negotiating.

• 1覚悟して（かくごして）means 'being prepared/resolved (for something).' This is about mental readiness, not persistence.
• 2油断せずに（ゆだんせずに）means 'without letting one's guard down.' This is about vigilance, not persistence.
• 3思い切って（おもいきって）means 'taking a bold step, daring to.' This is about decisiveness, the opposite nuance of patient persistence.

• 粘り強く（ねばりづよく） — persistently, tenaciously, without giving up
• 覚悟かくごして — being prepared/resolved for something
• 油断ゆだんせずに — without letting one's guard down
• 思い切って（おもいきって） — taking a bold step, daring to
• あきらめずに — without giving up

入念に（にゅうねんに）means 'carefully, meticulously, with great attention.' 細かく丁寧に（こまかくていねいに）means 'in fine detail and carefully,' which closely matches the nuance of conducting a thorough investigation.

• 1厳しく公平に（きびしくこうへいに）means 'strictly and fairly.' 入念に does not carry the nuance of strictness or fairness.
• 3興味を持って（きょうみをもって）means 'with interest.' This is about curiosity, not carefulness.
• 4責任を持って（せきにんをもって）means 'with responsibility.' This is about accountability, not meticulousness.

• 入念にゅうねんに — carefully, meticulously, with great attention
• 厳しく公平に（きびしくこうへいに） — strictly and fairly
• 細かく丁寧に（こまかくていねいに） — in fine detail and carefully
• 興味を持って（きょうみをもって） — with interest
• 責任を持って（せきにんをもって） — with responsibility

うすうす means 'vaguely, faintly' — having a dim or slight awareness of something. なんとなく means 'somehow, vaguely, without a clear reason,' which captures the faint, indistinct sense of awareness.

• 1おそらく means 'probably, perhaps.' This expresses likelihood, not vague awareness.
• 2さすがに means 'as one would expect, naturally; even so.' This expresses expectation or concession, not vague awareness.
• 4とっくに means 'long ago, already.' This is about timing, not the degree of awareness.

• うすうす — vaguely, faintly (aware of something)
• おそらく — probably, perhaps
• さすがに — as one would expect; even so
• なんとなく — somehow, vaguely, without a clear reason
• とっくに — long ago, already

難点（なんてん）means 'a weak point, a flaw, a drawback.' 悪いところ（わるいところ）means 'a bad point,' which is the closest paraphrase.

• 2惜しいところ（おしいところ）means 'almost (but not quite); a near miss.' This is about narrowly missing something, not a flaw.
• 3無駄なところ（むだなところ）means 'a wasteful/unnecessary point.' 難点 is about a defect, not waste.
• 4不安なところ（ふあんなところ）means 'an unsettling/worrying point.' 難点 is an objective shortcoming, not necessarily something that causes anxiety.

• 難点なんてん — a weak point, a flaw, a drawback
• 惜おしいところ — almost but not quite; a near miss
• 無駄むだなところ — a wasteful/unnecessary point
• 不安ふあんなところ — an unsettling/worrying point

むっとした means 'got angry, became offended/sullen' — a sudden flash of displeasure shown on one's face. 怒ったような顔をしていた（おこったようなかおをしていた）means 'had an angry-looking face,' which matches.

• 1驚いたような顔をしていた（おどろいたようなかおをしていた）means 'had a surprised-looking face.' むっとする is about anger, not surprise.
• 3疲れたような顔をしていた（つかれたようなかおをしていた）means 'had a tired-looking face.' むっとする is about anger, not fatigue.
• 4飽きたような顔をしていた（あきたようなかおをしていた）means 'had a bored-looking face.' むっとする is about anger, not boredom.

• むっとした — got angry, became offended/sullen (sudden displeasure)
• 驚いたような顔をしていた（おどろいたようなかおをしていた） — had a surprised-looking face
• 怒ったような顔をしていた（おこったようなかおをしていた） — had an angry-looking face
• 疲れたような顔をしていた（つかれたようなかおをしていた） — had a tired-looking face
• 飽きたような顔をしていた（あきたようなかおをしていた） — had a bored-looking face