N1 Vocabulary · Test 120

設立 (せつりつ) is the correct choice. It specifically means to establish or found an organization, company, or institution. The sentence means 'This company is a new company that was established last year.' Since the object being established is a company (会社), 設立 is the most appropriate word.

• 1確立 (かくりつ) means to establish or solidify something abstract, such as a theory, a system, a position, or a reputation. It cannot be used with a physical entity like a company.
• 2自立 (じりつ) means independence or self-reliance, referring to a person becoming independent. It makes no sense in the context of establishing a company.
• 3樹立 (じゅりつ) means to establish or set up something like a goal, a record, a regime, or a diplomatic relationship. While it shares the meaning of 'establishing,' it is not used for companies or organizations.

• 設立せつりつ — establishment, founding (of a company/organization)
• 確立かくりつ — establishment, solidifying (of a theory, status, system)
• 自立じりつ — independence, self-reliance
• 樹立じゅりつ — establishment, setting up (of a goal, record, regime)

覆す (くつがえす) means 'to overturn, to overturn/refute an established idea or theory.' The sentence says the discovery of that ruin was something that overturned the established theory of ancient history up to now. 定説を覆す is a very common collocation meaning 'to overturn the established theory,' making option 4 the correct choice.

• 1反る (そる) means 'to warp, to bend, to curve (intransitive).' It is not used with 定説 (established theory). The transitive form 反らす (そらす) can mean 'to bend' or in a phrase like 息を反らす, but neither form collocates with 定説 to mean 'overturn.'
• 2繕う (つくろう) means 'to mend, to repair, to patch up (e.g., clothes, a relationship, one's appearance).' You cannot 'repair' an established theory in this context; the discovery refutes it, it does not fix it.
• 3斷つ (たつ, modern 断つ) means 'to cut, to sever, to cut off (e.g., ties, supply, breath).' While one can metaphorically 断つ a relationship or supply, 定説を断つ is not a natural collocation for overturning a theory.

• 覆くつがえす — to overturn, to refute (a theory/decision)
• 定説ていせつ — established theory, accepted view
• 反そる — to warp, to bend, to curve (intransitive)
• 繕つくろう — to mend, to repair, to patch up
• 斷たつ — to cut, to sever, to cut off (kyūjitai of 断つ)

手遅れ（ておくれ）になる means 'to become too late (to save/help someone).' The sentence says: 'If there hadn't been a doctor nearby at that time, he might have become 手遅れ (it might have been too late to save him).' This fits perfectly with the medical emergency context.

• 2手当て（てあて）means 'medical treatment / first aid.' You would say 手当てをする (to give treatment), not 手当てになる, so it doesn't fit grammatically or semantically.
• 3手違い（てちがい）means 'a mistake / error / mix-up.' It is unrelated to a medical emergency context.
• 4手直し（てなおし）means 'revision / correction (of a document, design, etc.).' It is unrelated to the context of a doctor and a life-threatening situation.

• 手遅ておくれ — too late; past help (medical)
• 手当てあて — medical treatment; first aid
• 手違てちがい — mistake; error; mix-up
• 手直てなおし — revision; correction; rework

ウイルス means 'virus.' The sentence says: 'News spread that livestock died due to a new virus.' A new virus causing livestock deaths is a natural and common news context.

• 1ブラウス means 'blouse (a piece of clothing).' It has nothing to do with livestock dying.
• 2サイクル means 'cycle.' A new cycle does not cause livestock to die.
• 4アクセル means 'accelerator (pedal).' It is unrelated to livestock death.

• ウイルス — virus
• ブラウス — blouse
• サイクル — cycle
• アクセル — accelerator

ばかばかしい（馬鹿馬鹿しい）means 'absurd / ridiculous / silly.' The sentence says: 'I can't believe you can say such ridiculous things all the time.' The tone of よくそんな…ことばかり言えるねぇ expresses disbelief at someone saying absurd things, so ばかばかしい fits perfectly.

• 1はかばかしい（捗捗しい）means 'progressing well / making good progress.' It is a positive word and does not fit the critical tone of the sentence.
• 3はなはだしい（甚だしい）means 'extreme / very great (in a negative sense).' While it could describe something negative, it is not commonly used to modify こと (things said) in this colloquial critical way, and it lacks the 'absurd/ridiculous' nuance.
• 4はなばなしい（華々しい）means 'brilliant / spectacular / glorious.' It is a positive word and does not fit the context of criticizing someone's remarks.

• ばかばかしい — absurd; ridiculous; silly
• はかばかしい — progressing well; making good progress
• はなはだしい — extreme; very great (negative)
• はなばなしい — brilliant; spectacular; glorious

The sentence describes a young couple looking up at a beautiful starry sky and feeling a certain mood. ロマンチック (romantic) fits perfectly — a starry sky is a classic romantic setting, and the phrase ロマンチックな気分になった (became filled with romantic feelings) is natural and idiomatic.

• 1シック (chic, stylish) describes fashion or design aesthetics, not an emotional mood evoked by a starry sky.
• 2スマート (smart, sleek) describes appearance or cleverness, not a mood one feels from scenery.
• 4ハンサム (handsome) describes a man's physical appearance, not a mood or feeling, and cannot naturally modify 気分.

• ロマンチック（ろまんちっく） — romantic
• シック（しっく） — chic, stylish
• スマート（すまーと） — smart, sleek
• ハンサム（はんさむ） — handsome

The sentence is about excessive ________ of calories having a bad effect on the body. 摂取 (せっしゅ, intake/consumption) is the correct word — カロリーの過剰な摂取 (excessive intake of calories) is a common and natural collocation.

• 1産出 (さんしゅつ, production/output) is used for producing goods or agricultural output, not for consuming calories.
• 2略奪 (りゃくだつ, plunder/looting) means taking by force and is completely inappropriate in the context of calories.
• 3所持 (しょじ, possession) means holding/owning something (e.g., a weapon), not consuming food or calories.

• 摂取せっしゅ — intake, consumption (of nutrients, calories, etc.)
• 産出さんしゅつ — production, output
• 略奪りゃくだつ — plunder, looting
• 所持しょじ — possession
• 過剰かじょう — excessive, surplus

振り出し（ふりだし）に戻る is a set phrase meaning 'to go back to square one / to return to the starting point.' The sentence says work that was almost finished went back to the beginning because of his mistake. 振り出し originally refers to the starting square in the board game すごろく (sugoroku).

• 1打ち消し（うちけし）means 'negation / cancellation.' It does not form a set phrase with に戻る and makes no sense in context.
• 2取り替え（とりかえ）means 'replacement / exchange.' You cannot say 取り替えに戻る; it is irrelevant to the idea of returning to the start.
• 3割り当て（わりあて）means 'allocation / assignment.' It does not collocate with に戻る and does not fit the meaning of going back to the beginning.

• 振り出し（ふりだし） — starting point; the phrase 振り出しに戻る means 'to go back to square one'
• 打ち消し（うちけし） — negation, cancellation
• 取り替え（とりかえ） — replacement, exchange
• 割り当て（わりあて） — allocation, assignment

あらかじめ means 'in advance, beforehand.' The sentence asks that if you will be absent, please notify us beforehand. This is a common formal/polite request pattern.

• 1あしからず means 'please don't take it amiss / don't be offended,' used when declining something. It does not mean 'in advance.'
• 2あいにく means 'unfortunately.' While it can appear in polite contexts, it does not fit the request to notify in advance.
• 4あいかわらず means 'as always / still.' It describes something continuing unchanged and does not fit the context of giving advance notice.

• あらかじめ — in advance, beforehand
• あしからず — please don't take it amiss (used when declining)
• あいにく — unfortunately
• あいかわらず — as always, still

ぼやけて means 'blurry, fuzzy, hazy.' The sentence says 'My eyes are bad, and without glasses things look blurry.' ぼやける specifically describes vision becoming unclear/out of focus.

• 1とぼけて means 'to play dumb / to feign ignorance.' It describes human behavior, not visual clarity.
• 2ふやけて means 'to become soggy / waterlogged,' used for things like food or paper soaked in water. It does not describe vision.
• 3とろけて means 'to melt softly / to be enraptured.' It can describe food melting or someone being charmed, but not blurry vision.

• ぼやける — to become blurry, fuzzy, hazy
• とぼける — to play dumb, to feign ignorance
• ふやける — to become soggy, waterlogged
• とろける — to melt softly; to be enraptured