N1 Vocabulary · Test 121

The sentence means 'After the exam, the question papers are also collected.' 回収 (かいしゅう) means 'to collect/gather up (things that were distributed).' After an exam, it is standard practice to collect the question papers back from examinees, so 回収します is the correct choice.

• 1没収 (ぼっしゅう) means 'confiscate' — taking something away as a penalty or by authority. Exam papers are not confiscated; they are simply collected back.
• 2領収 (りょうしゅう) means 'to receive (payment)' as in 領収書 (receipt). It is used for receiving money, not collecting papers.
• 3徴収 (ちょうしゅう) means 'to collect (taxes, fees, dues)' — used for collecting money or items that are owed. Exam papers are not being collected as a duty or payment.

• 回収かいしゅう — to collect back, gather up (distributed items)
• 没収ぼっしゅう — confiscate, seize
• 領収りょうしゅう — to receive (payment); receipt
• 徴収ちょうしゅう — to collect (taxes, fees, dues)

The sentence means 'Even if asked, if it's something impossible, it's better to refuse firmly.' きっぱり (きっぱり) means 'clearly, firmly, decisively' and collocates naturally with 断る (ことわる, 'to refuse'): きっぱり断る = 'to refuse flatly/firmly.' This is the correct adverb for the context.

• 1じっくり means 'carefully, thoroughly, without rushing' (e.g., じっくり考える). It does not fit with 断る — you don't 'carefully refuse' in this context.
• 2げっそり means 'to lose weight dramatically' or 'to be dismayed/shocked.' It is an emotional/physical reaction, not a manner of refusing.
• 4くっきり means 'clearly, distinctly' in a visual sense (e.g., a clear outline or contrast). It describes visual appearance, not a manner of refusing.

• きっぱり — clearly, firmly, decisively (manner of action/speech)
• じっくり — carefully, thoroughly, without rushing
• げっそり — to lose weight; to be dismayed, disheartened
• くっきり — clearly, distinctly (visual appearance)
• 断ことわる — to refuse, to decline

革新 (かくしん) means 'innovation' or 'reform.' 革新する is 'to innovate/to reform.' The sentence says 'Our company should reform its management in order to respond to the coming era.' 経営を革新する (reform/innovate management) is the correct collocation.

• 2革命 (かくめい) means 'revolution.' While related in meaning, 革命する is not normally used with 経営を～する. 革命 refers to a wholesale overthrow of a system, not a business reform.
• 3改修 (かいしゅう) means 'repair' or 'modification,' used for equipment, facilities, or software (e.g., プログラムを改修する). It is not used for 経営 (management).
• 4改訂 (かいてい) means 'revision,' used for books, documents, or regulations (e.g., 辞書を改訂する). It does not collocate with 経営.

• 革新かくしん — innovation, reform
• 革命かくめい — revolution
• 改修かいしゅう — repair, modification (of equipment/software)
• 改訂かいてい — revision (of books/documents)

あえて (敢えて) means 'daring to' or 'going out of one's way to (do something that might be undesirable).' あえて言わせていただきます means 'I dare to say (this harsh opinion).' This fits the context of offering a possibly harsh opinion despite the risk.

• 1かつて (曾て) means 'formerly' or 'once (in the past).' It is a temporal adverb and does not fit the context of deliberately saying something bold.
• 3まして (況して) means 'let alone' or 'much less / even more so.' It is used for comparison/escalation and does not fit here.
• 4せめて means 'at least.' It expresses a minimum desire or request and does not fit the context of daring to state a harsh opinion.

• 敢あえて — daring to, going out of one's way to
• 曾かつて — formerly, once
• 況まして — let alone, even more so
• せめて — at least

介入 (かいにゅう) means 'intervention' or 'interference.' 介入する is 'to intervene.' The sentence says 'He thinks the government should not intervene too much in economic activities.' 政府が経済活動に介入する is the standard collocation.

• 1侵入 (しんにゅう) means 'invasion' or 'intrusion,' typically physical (entering a place without permission). It is not used for government involvement in economic activities.
• 2潜入 (せんにゅう) means 'sneaking in' or 'infiltrating,' used for espionage or secretly entering a restricted area. It does not fit this context at all.
• 3加入 (かにゅう) means 'joining' (an organization, group, insurance, etc.). 加入する is 'to join,' which does not collocate with 経済活動に.

• 介入かいにゅう — intervention, interference
• 侵入しんにゅう — invasion, intrusion (physical)
• 潜入せんにゅう — sneaking in, infiltration
• 加入かにゅう — joining (an organization/group)

察して（さっして）is the te-form of 察する（さっする）, meaning 'to infer, to guess, to understand/sympathize with someone's feelings or situation.' The sentence 彼の現在の苦しい立場を察していただきたい means 'Please try to understand his current difficult situation.' This fits perfectly — you are asking someone to sympathetically consider another person's hardship.

• 1制して（せいして）is the te-form of 制する（せいする）, meaning 'to suppress, to control, to subdue.' You would not 'suppress' someone's situation; this does not fit the context of sympathetically understanding a hardship.
• 2称して（しょうして）is the te-form of 称する（しょうする）, meaning 'to praise, to commend, to call oneself.' Praising someone's difficult situation makes no sense here.
• 4即して（そくして）is the te-form of 即する（そくする）, meaning 'to be based on, to be in accordance with.' While you could say 現状に即して (based on the current situation), the pattern 立場を即していただきたい is grammatically unnatural and does not convey the needed meaning of sympathetic understanding.

• 察さっする — to infer, to guess; to sympathetically understand (someone's feelings/situation)
• 制せいする — to suppress, to control, to subdue
• 称しょうする — to praise, to commend; to call oneself
• 即そくする — to be based on, to be in accordance with

過疎（かそ）means 'depopulation, underpopulation' — a decline in population causing community problems. The sentence describes young people leaving rural villages for cities, which directly causes 過疎. Many villages now face 過疎の問題 (depopulation problems). This fits perfectly.

• 1過密（かみつ）means 'overcrowding, overpopulation density.' This is the opposite problem — too many people in one area, typically an urban issue, not a rural village problem caused by young people leaving.
• 3過失（かしつ）means 'negligence, fault, error.' This is a legal/moral term unrelated to demographic problems.
• 4過剰（かじょう）means 'excess, surplus.' While one could say 人口過剰 (overpopulation), the sentence specifically describes people leaving, which causes a shortage, not an excess.

• 過疎かそ — depopulation, underpopulation (rural demographic decline)
• 過密かみつ — overcrowding, overpopulation density
• 過失かしつ — negligence, fault, error
• 過剰かじょう — excess, surplus

便宜（べんぎ）をはかる is a set phrase meaning 'to make special arrangements for someone's convenience/accommodation.' The city library extended its hours to accommodate users' convenience, so 便宜 fits perfectly.

• 1適宜（てきぎ）means 'as appropriate / as needed.' It is an adverb/na-adjective and does not form the phrase をはかる.
• 2便利（べんり）means 'convenient' and is a na-adjective/noun, but 便利をはかる is not an established idiom; the correct collocation is 便宜をはかる.
• 3有利（ゆうり）means 'advantageous.' 有利をはかる is not a set expression and does not fit the context of accommodating library users.

• 便宜べんぎをはかる — to make special arrangements for someone's convenience; to accommodate
• 適宜てきぎ — as appropriate; as needed
• 便利べんり — convenient; convenience
• 有利ゆうり — advantageous
• 便宜べんぎ — convenience; accommodation

台無し（だいなし）means 'ruined; spoiled; completely wrecked.' せっかくのパーティーが台無しだ is a very common collocation: 'the party we went to the trouble of preparing was ruined because of him.'

• 1でたらめ means 'nonsense; random; irresponsible.' A party is not described as でたらめ in this context.
• 2うつろ means 'empty; hollow; vacant' (e.g., eyes, heart). It does not describe a ruined event.
• 4不適切（ふてきせつ）means 'inappropriate.' While one could say his behavior was 不適切, the party itself being ruined is expressed by 台無し, not 不適切.

• 台無だいなし — ruined; spoiled; completely wrecked
• でたらめ — nonsense; random; irresponsible
• うつろ — empty; hollow; vacant
• 不適切ふてきせつ — inappropriate
• せっかく — with much effort; going to the trouble of

安静（あんせい）にする is the standard medical phrase meaning 'to stay quiet/rest (to recover from illness).' The sentence says 'until the fever goes down, please rest quietly for a while,' so 安静 is correct.

• 1穏やか（おだやか）means 'calm; mild; gentle' (weather, personality, demeanor). It is not used for medical rest.
• 3平静（へいせい）means 'composure; calmness (of mind).' 平静にする means to stay calm mentally, not to rest physically.
• 4健やか（すこやか）means 'healthy; sound.' You don't say 健やかにしていてください for resting during illness.

• 安静あんせい — rest; quiet (medical, for recovery)
• 穏おだやか — calm; mild; gentle
• 平静へいせい — composure; calmness of mind
• 健すこやか — healthy; sound; hale