N1 Vocabulary · Test 123

自覚(じかく)する means 'to become aware of / to recognize (something about oneself).' 欠点を自覚しないと直せない = 'Unless the person first recognizes their own shortcomings, they cannot fix them.' This fits perfectly: awareness must precede correction.

• 1向上(こうじょう)する means 'to improve.' You cannot 'improve' a shortcoming before fixing it; the logic is backwards.
• 3始末(しまつ)する means 'to deal with / clean up / settle.' While grammatically possible, it implies handling or disposing of something, not the self-awareness needed to fix a personal flaw.
• 4処理(しょり)する means 'to process / handle.' This is used for tasks or data, not for becoming aware of one's own shortcomings.

• 自覚じかく — self-awareness, recognition
• 向上こうじょう — improvement
• 始末しまつ — handling, settling, cleaning up
• 処理しょり — processing, handling

意図(いと) means 'intention, purpose.' 彼がなぜそのような発言をしたのか、意図がわからない = 'I don't understand his intention behind making such a statement.' 意図がわからない is a common collocation.

• 1意志(いし) means 'will, volition' — one's own determination to do something. It refers to inner resolve, not the reason behind a specific action.
• 2意識(いしき) means 'consciousness, awareness.' One does not say 意識がわからない in this context.
• 4意欲(いよく) means 'motivation, willingness.' While related to why someone acts, the sentence asks about the purpose/intention behind a specific utterance, not the person's general motivation.

• 意図いと — intention, purpose
• 意志いし — will, volition
• 意識いしき — consciousness, awareness
• 意欲いよく — motivation, willingness

連帯（れんたい）means 'solidarity' or 'unity/cooperation among people.' 連帯感（れんたいかん）is a common compound meaning 'sense of solidarity.' The sentence says 'When everyone cooperated and worked together, a sense of (solidarity) was born.' This fits perfectly.

• 1依存（いぞん）means 'dependence' or 'reliance.' 依存感 would mean 'a sense of dependence,' which contradicts the positive, cooperative context of the sentence.
• 2共存（きょうぞん）means 'coexistence.' While it contains 共 (together), it refers to things existing side by side, not the feeling of unity from working together. 共存感 is not a natural compound.
• 4連続（れんぞく）means 'continuity' or 'sequence.' 連続感 would mean 'a sense of continuity,' which is unrelated to the feeling produced by cooperative work.

• 連帯れんたい — solidarity, unity (among people)
• 依存いぞん — dependence, reliance
• 共存きょうぞん — coexistence
• 連続れんぞく — continuity, sequence

再発（さいはつ）means 'recurrence' — something (usually negative, like an accident or illness) happening again. 事故の再発を防ぐ ('prevent the recurrence of accidents') is a standard, very common collocation. The sentence says 'Various efforts are being made to prevent the (recurrence) of accidents.'

• 1再現（さいげん）means 'reproduction' or 're-enactment' — making something appear again (e.g., recreating a scene). You would not 'prevent' 再現 of an accident in this context; it refers to deliberately recreating something, not an accident recurring on its own.
• 3複活（ふっかつ）means 'revival' or 'coming back to life/activity,' typically used for things, trends, or people returning to activity. It has a positive nuance and does not collocate with 事故を防ぐ.
• 4複旧（ふっきゅう）means 'restoration' — repairing and returning something to its original state after damage. While related to accidents, you would not say 事故の複旧を防ぐ ('prevent the restoration of accidents'), which makes no sense.

• 再発さいはつ — recurrence (of an accident, illness, etc.)
• 再現さいげん — reproduction, re-enactment
• 複活ふっかつ — revival, comeback
• 複旧ふっきゅう — restoration, repair to original condition

けむたかった is the past tense of けむい / けむたい（煙たい）, meaning 'smoky' or 'uncomfortable due to smoke (stinging the eyes).' The sentence describes someone smoking nearby at a restaurant, making the air smoky and unpleasant. The correct reading is: 'At a restaurant, the person next to me was smoking, so it was smoky (uncomfortable).'

• 1くもりだった（曇りだった）means 'it was cloudy,' a weather term. It has nothing to do with cigarette smoke and does not describe a personal sensory experience caused by someone smoking.
• 2くもった（曇った）means 'became cloudy' (e.g., sky, glass, or one's expression). While smoke can cloud the air, this verb describes a state change, not the personal discomfort of being in smoky surroundings. It does not naturally follow the pattern '～ので、くもった' in this context.
• 3けむりだった（煙りだった）means 'it was smoke.' This is not a natural expression — you would not say 'it was smoke' as a reaction to someone smoking nearby. The correct adjective form for the unpleasant sensation is けむたい, not the noun けむり.

• けむたい（けむたい（煙たい）） — smoky, uncomfortable due to smoke (stinging the eyes)
• くもる（くもる（曇る）） — to become cloudy
• けむり — smoke (noun)

模型 (もけい, model/maquette) is the correct word. The sentence means 'Models of ships are displayed in this museum.' A 模型 is a physical scale model, which is what a museum would exhibit.

• 2模索 (もさく) means 'groping, searching (for a solution).' Ships cannot be 'searched' in a museum display.
• 3模範 (もはん) means 'model, exemplar' in the abstract sense of a good example to follow, not a physical model for display.
• 4模倣 (もほう) means 'imitation, copying' (an action), not a physical object that can be displayed.

• 模型もけい — model (physical, scale model)
• 模索もさく — groping, searching
• 模範もはん — model, exemplar (abstract)
• 模倣もほう — imitation, copying

辞退 (じたい, to politely decline) fits the context. Tanaka won a trip but, being afraid of flying, declined the opportunity. 辞退 is the standard word for declining an offer or opportunity that has been given to you.

• 2謝絶 (しゃぜつ) means to firmly refuse/reject (e.g., refusing visitors or declining requests). It is too strong and formal for this personal situation, and the kanji 謝絶 appears to be a transcription error (should be 謝絶→謝絶).
• 3否定 (ひてい) means 'denial' — negating or denying a fact, not declining an offer.
• 4避難 (ひなん) means 'evacuation, taking refuge' (e.g., from a disaster), which does not fit the context of declining a trip.

• 辞退じたい — to decline, refuse (politely)
• 謝絶しゃぜつ — to firmly refuse, reject (visitors, requests)
• 否定ひてい — denial, negation
• 避難ひなん — evacuation, taking refuge

さも (然も) means 'as if, seemingly, very much so' and is used to emphasize how something appears. Here, さもいやそうに means 'looking thoroughly disgusted' / 'with an expression of clear disgust,' which fits perfectly: the wife said 'You drunk!' looking very disgusted.

• 1いかに means 'how, to what extent' and is used in questions or conditional expressions (いかに…ても). It does not modify an appearance like いやそうに.
• 3どうにか means 'somehow, in some way or another' and refers to managing to do something. It does not pair with いやそうに to describe an appearance.
• 4もっぱら (専ら) means 'exclusively, mainly, wholly' and is used to describe what something is devoted to. It cannot modify いやそうに.

• さも — as if, seemingly; very much so (used to emphasize an appearance or manner)
• いやそうに — looking disgusted, with an unpleasant expression
• いかに — how, to what extent
• どうにか — somehow, in some way
• もっぱら — exclusively, mainly

断言 (だんげん) means 'to declare, to assert positively, to state definitively.' 断言する fits the sentence: the grandfather asserts/declares that he is a 'safe driver,' but the speaker is still worried. The quotation marks around 安全運転だ also signal that he is making a definitive statement.

• 1信任 (しんにん) means 'trust, confidence (in someone).' It is a noun and does not fit the pattern 〜とする meaning 'to assert/states.'
• 2信頼 (しんらい) means 'trust, reliance.' While related to trust, it does not mean 'to assert/declare' and cannot be used as 〜と信頼する in this context.
• 4予言 (よげん) means 'to prophesy, to predict.' The grandfather is not predicting the future; he is making a claim about his current driving, so this does not fit.

• 断言だんげん — to declare, to assert positively, to state definitively
• 信任しんにん — trust, confidence (in a person)
• 信頼しんらい — trust, reliance
• 予言よげん — prophecy, prediction

収容 (しゅうよう) means 'to accommodate, to hold (a number of people/things).' 収容できる means 'can accommodate/hold.' The sentence reads: 'This venue can accommodate 400 people,' which is a natural and correct usage.

• 1許容 (きょよう) means 'to tolerate, to permit, to allow (within limits).' While 許容できる can mean 'can tolerate,' it is not the standard word for a venue's capacity to hold people.
• 3収集 (しゅうしゅう) means 'to collect, to gather (items/data).' It refers to gathering things together, not housing or accommodating people.
• 4占領 (せんりょう) means 'to occupy (as in military occupation or taking over a space).' It does not mean 'to accommodate' a certain number of people.

• 収容しゅうよう — to accommodate, to hold (a capacity of people/things)
• 許容きょよう — to tolerate, to permit, to allow
• 収集しゅうしゅう — to collect, to gather
• 占領せんりょう — to occupy, to take over