N1 Vocabulary · Test 128

The correct answer is 4. 密接 (みっせつ) is a na-adjective meaning 'close, intimate, tightly connected.' The sentence reads: 'The two countries have a closely connected economic relationship.' 密接な関係 is a standard collocation meaning 'a close relationship.'

• 1精密 (せいみつ) means 'precise, accurate, exact.' It describes instruments, measurements, or data, not relationships between countries.
• 2過密 (かみつ) means 'overcrowded, excessively dense.' It describes schedules, cities, or populations, not bilateral relationships.
• 3密度 (みつど) is a noun meaning 'density.' It cannot directly modify 関係 as a na-adjective, and 'density of a relationship' is not a natural expression.

• 密接みっせつ — close, intimate, tightly connected (na-adj)
• 精密せいみつ — precise, accurate, exact
• 過密かみつ — overcrowded, excessively dense
• 密度みつど — density

The correct answer is 2. 教訓 (きょうくん) means 'lesson (learned), moral.' The sentence reads: 'I learned many lessons from my failures.' 教訓を学ぶ is a fixed collocation meaning 'to learn a lesson (from an experience).'

• 1教科 (きょうか) means 'school subject.' One does not 'learn subjects from failures.'
• 3教材 (きょうざい) means 'teaching materials.' This refers to physical or digital materials used in instruction, not lessons learned from experience.
• 4教習 (きょうしゅう) means 'training, instruction (practical).' It refers to systematic training (e.g., driving instruction), not lessons drawn from failure.

• 教訓きょうくん — lesson learned, moral
• 教科きょうか — school subject
• 教材きょうざい — teaching materials
• 教習きょうしゅう — training, practical instruction

The correct answer is 3. しぶとい means 'tenacious, persistent, stubborn (in a positive or neutral sense).' The sentence reads: 'He's quite tenacious, isn't he. He's still going at it without giving up.' The second sentence (まだあきらめずにがんばってるよ) directly explains why he is しぶとい.

• 1だるい means 'sluggish, heavy, lethargic.' This contradicts the second sentence about him still trying hard.
• 2でかい means 'big, huge.' While it can describe a person's build, it doesn't relate to persistence or not giving up.
• 4たやすい means 'easy, simple.' This doesn't describe a personal quality of persistence, and the nuance 'なかなか～ね' here expresses admiration for his tenacity, not that something is easy.

• しぶとい — tenacious, persistent, stubborn (not giving up easily)
• だるい — sluggish, heavy, lethargic
• でかい — big, huge (colloquial)
• たやすい — easy, simple

健全（けんぜん） means 'wholesome, sound, healthy (in a moral/psychological sense).' 健全な番組 means 'wholesome programs' — programs that are good for children to watch. This fits the context perfectly: 'Wholesome programs that I want to show children have decreased.'

• 1保健（ほけん） means 'health insurance / public health.' It is used in contexts like 保健所（ほけんじょ, public health center） or 保健室（ほけんしつ, nurse's office）. It does not describe the quality of a TV program.
• 2壮健（そうけん） means 'robust, physically healthy and strong,' typically describing a person's physical condition (e.g., 壮健な体). It cannot modify 番組.
• 4健在（けんざい） means 'alive and well, still going strong,' used to describe a person who is still active and healthy despite age. It cannot modify 番組.

• 健全けんぜん — wholesome, sound (morally/psychologically healthy)
• 保健ほけん — health insurance, public health
• 壮健そうけん — robust, physically healthy and strong
• 健在けんざい — alive and well, still going strong

シック means 'chic, stylish, elegant' (from French 'chic'). 彼女のファッションはいつもシックだ means 'Her fashion is always chic.' This is a natural and common compliment about someone's fashion sense.

• 2センス means 'sense (of taste/style).' While センスがある ('she has good sense') could describe fashion, センスだ is grammatically incomplete — you would say センスがいい, not センスだ.
• 3デザイン means 'design.' デザインだ would mean 'It's a design,' which does not describe how fashion looks. One might say デザインがいい but not simply デザインだ in this context.
• 4フォーム means 'form, shape.' This is used for physical form (e.g., sports form, a document form) and does not describe fashion style.

• シック — chic, stylish, elegant
• センス — sense (of taste/style)
• デザイン — design
• フォーム — form, shape

だるい means 'sluggish, languid, heavy' — the weak, heavy, tired feeling in your body when you have a fever or are sick. The sentence says 'I wonder if I have a fever — my body feels (sluggish/heavy).' 体がだるい is an extremely common collocation for describing illness.

• 2うつろだ（虚だ）means 'vacant, empty, hollow' — used for eyes, expressions, or hearts lacking emotion/focus. It describes a mental/emotional emptiness, not the physical heaviness of a feverish body.
• 3かすかだ（微かだ）means 'faint, dim, slight' — used for sounds, lights, memories, etc. that are barely perceptible. It does not describe how one's body feels when sick.
• 4なさけない（情けない）means 'pitiful, pathetic, lamentable' — expressing shame or disappointment at a situation. While you might feel なさけない about being sick, it describes an emotional judgment, not the physical sensation of a feverish body.

• だるい — sluggish, languid (bodily heaviness, often from illness/fever)
• うつろ（うつろ（虚ろ）） — vacant, empty, hollow (eyes, expression, heart)
• かすか（かすか（微か）） — faint, dim, slight
• なさけない（なさけない（情けない）） — pitiful, pathetic, disappointing

網（もう）means 'net' or 'network.' 情報網（じょうほうもう）is a standard compound meaning 'information network.' The sentence says 'In the past 10 years, the information (network) has developed greatly.' This is a natural and common expression.

• 1制（せい）means 'system' or 'rule.' 情報制 is not an established compound word. The common word would be 情報制度 (information system), but 情報制 alone is not used.
• 2帯（たい）means 'belt' or 'zone.' 情報帯 is not a recognized compound word and does not fit the context of something that 'develops.'
• 3派（は）means 'faction' or 'school/group.' 情報派 is not a recognized compound and makes no sense in context.

• 網もう（網） — net, network
• 情報網じょうほうもう — information network
• 制せい（制） — system, rule
• 帯たい（帯） — belt, zone
• 派は（派） — faction, school

取り締まる（とりしまる）means 'to regulate, crack down on, enforce (rules/laws).' 駐車違反を厳しく取り締まる ('strictly crack down on parking violations') is a standard collocation. The sentence says 'Parking violations in the shopping district came to be strictly (cracked down on).'

• 1取り消す（とりけす）means 'to cancel, revoke, withdraw' (a decision, order, contract, etc.). You might 取り消す a ticket or permit, but you do not 'strictly cancel' parking violations as an ongoing enforcement action.
• 2取り組む（とりくむ）means 'to tackle, work on, address (a problem/task).' While you could 取り組む the problem of parking violations, the pattern 厳しく取り組むようになった ('came to strictly tackle') is less natural than 厳しく取り締まる, which specifically denotes enforcement/regulation.
• 4取り上げる（とりあげる）means 'to take up, confiscate, or raise (a topic).' You could 取り上げる someone's license or a topic, but 厳しく取り上げる does not collocate naturally with 駐車違反 in the sense of ongoing enforcement.

• 取り締まる（とりしまる） — to regulate, crack down on, enforce (laws/rules)
• 取り消す（とりけす） — to cancel, revoke, withdraw
• 取り組む（とりくむ） — to tackle, work on, address (a problem)
• 取り上げる（とりあげる） — to take up, confiscate, raise (a topic)

いじる (弄る) means 'to fiddle with, to toy with, to pick at.' The sentence 彼は髪の毛をいじるくせがある means 'He has a habit of fiddling with his hair,' which is a natural and common expression describing a nervous habit.

• 2つねる (抓る) means 'to pinch.' You don't pinch your hair as a habit — pinching applies to skin, so this is contextually wrong.
• 3いためる (痛める/傷める) means 'to damage, to hurt, to spoil.' While one could damage hair, the phrase 〜くせがある (has a habit of) implies a repeated fidgeting behavior, not deliberate damage.
• 4かぶれる (被れる) means 'to develop a rash/skin irritation from something, or to be strongly influenced by someone.' It does not fit the context of a habitual action with one's own hair.

• いじる — to fiddle with, to toy with, to pick at
• つねる — to pinch
• いためる — to damage, to hurt, to spoil
• かぶれる — to develop a rash from; to be infatuated with
• くせがある — to have a habit of (doing something)

カンニング means 'cheating (on a test),' specifically the act of looking at someone else's answer sheet during an exam. The sentence 試験中に他人の答案を見ることをカンニングという means 'Looking at another person's answer sheet during an exam is called cheating.' This is a direct definition.

• 2スプリング means 'spring' (the season or a mechanical spring). It has nothing to do with cheating.
• 3タイミング means 'timing.' Unrelated to the context of exam cheating.
• 4トレーニング means 'training.' Unrelated to the context of exam cheating.

• カンニング — cheating on a test (looking at someone's answers)
• 答案とうあん — answer sheet
• 試験中しけんちゅう — during an exam