N1 Vocabulary · Test 129

論理 (ろんり) means 'logic, reasoning.' 論理で説得する means 'to persuade using logic.' The sentence says: 'It is difficult to try to persuade someone about a matter of likes and dislikes using logic.' This is a natural and correct collocation — personal preferences are hard to change through logical argument.

• 1異論 (いろん) means 'objection, dissenting opinion.' 異論で説得する is not a natural expression; you might raise an 異論 but not persuade 'with an objection.'
• 2合理 (ごうり) means 'rationality, reasonableness' but is rarely used as a standalone noun in this way. The common word is 合理的 (ごうりてき, rational), not 合理 by itself.
• 3無論 (むろん) means 'of course, needless to say.' It is an adverbial expression, not a noun meaning 'logic,' so 無論で説得する makes no sense.

• 論理ろんり — logic, logical reasoning
• 異論いろん — objection, dissenting opinion
• 合理ごうり — rationality, reason (rarely used standalone; usually 合理的)
• 無論むろん — of course, needless to say

みぐるしい (見苦しい) means 'unsightly, embarrassing to look at, unpleasant to behold.' みぐるしかった is its past tense. The sentence describes the Yamada couple having a loud argument at a party, which would be an embarrassing and unsightly scene — a perfect fit.

• 1はかなかった is the past tense of はかない (儚い), meaning 'fleeting, transient, ephemeral.' This has nothing to do with an embarrassing scene at a party.
• 3みすぼらしい (見窄らしい) means 'shabby, poor-looking, ragged' and describes someone's appearance as unkempt or impoverished. A loud argument is not 'shabby-looking.'
• 4むさくるしい (蒸し暑い/むさ苦しい) means 'stuffy, humid, gloomy' or 'unsavory/unpleasant (atmosphere).' While it has a negative nuance, it does not specifically describe the visual embarrassment of a public quarrel the way 見苦しい does.

• 見苦みぐるしい — unsightly, embarrassing to look at
• 儚はかない — fleeting, transient, ephemeral
• 見窄みすぼらしい — shabby, poor-looking, ragged
• むさくるしい — stuffy, humid, gloomy; unsavory

データ means 'data.' The sentence reads: 'The data contained in this file is absolutely secret.' ファイルに入っているデータ is a natural and common collocation — files contain data.

• 1オンライン means 'online.' Files are not typically described as containing 'online,' so this does not fit.
• 2チャンネル means 'channel (TV/radio, etc.).' A file does not contain a 'channel.'
• 4マスコミ means 'mass media.' A file does not contain 'mass media,' and the word does not fit the context of a secret file's contents.

• データ — data
• オンライン — online
• チャンネル — channel (TV, radio, etc.)
• マスコミ — mass media

「〜に負うところが大きい」is a set phrase meaning 'largely owes to / is largely due to.' The sentence means: 'The success of this project owes a great deal to Ono's work.' 負う（おう）means 'to owe (a debt/responsibility to someone).'

• 2おどす（脅す）means 'to threaten.' It does not collocate with 〜ところが大きい and makes no sense here.
• 3借りる（かりる）means 'to borrow.' While one might metaphorically 'borrow' help, the fixed expression uses 負う, not 借りる.
• 4犯す（おかす）means 'to commit (a crime/offense).' It is completely unrelated to the context of crediting someone's contribution.

• 負おう — to owe, to be indebted/responsible for
• 〜に負うところが大きい（〜におうところがおおきい） — largely owes to ~, is largely due to ~

備わって（そなわって）means 'to be equipped with / to be inherently endowed with.' The sentence says: 'The body is originally endowed with the power to fight injuries and illness.' 力が備わっている is the natural collocation for an inherent ability.

• 1すえつけて is not a standard verb form in this context; 据え付ける（すえつける）means 'to install/set up (equipment),' which implies an external agent placing something, not an inherent quality.
• 2すえて（据えて）from 据える means 'to set/place.' It does not collocate with 力が〜ている to express an inherent ability.
• 3備え付ける（そなえつける）means 'to furnish/equip (a place with something).' It is transitive and implies someone deliberately installing something, not an innate quality of the body.

• 備そなわる — to be equipped with, to be inherently endowed with
• 備え付ける（そなえつける） — to furnish, to equip (a place)

募集 (ぼしゅう) means 'recruitment, calling for applicants.' The office is recruiting two part-timers: アルバイトを2名募集している is the standard, correct expression.

• 1案内 (あんない) means 'guidance, showing someone around.' You don't '案内' employees in the sense of recruiting them.
• 2応募 (おうぼ) means 'applying (for something).' This is the action of the applicant, not the office doing the recruiting — the direction is reversed.
• 4捜索 (そうさく) means 'search, investigation' — used for searching for lost items or persons (e.g., a missing person), not for hiring part-time staff.

• 募集ぼしゅう — recruitment, calling for applicants
• 案内あんない — guidance, showing around
• 応募おうぼ — applying for, entering (a contest/job)
• 捜索そうさく — search, investigation (for something lost/missing)
• アルバイト（あるばいと） — part-time job

直感 (ちょっかん) means 'intuition, instinct.' 直感的に = 'intuitively.' The moment they first met, they intuitively felt they would get along — this is a gut feeling, not reasoned judgment, so 直感 fits best.

• 1主観 (しゅかん) means 'subjectivity.' 主観的に would mean 'subjectively,' which contrasts with objectivity but doesn't capture the instant, instinctive nature of the feeling.
• 2悲観 (ひかん) means 'pessimism.' 悲観的に would mean 'pessimistically,' which contradicts the positive expectation that things will go well.
• 3予感 (よかん) means 'premonition, presentiment.' While close, 予感 is more about sensing something will happen in the future, whereas 直感 emphasizes the instantaneous, instinctive flash of insight at the moment of meeting.

• 直感ちょっかん — intuition, instinct
• 主観しゅかん — subjectivity
• 悲観ひかん — pessimism
• 予感よかん — premonition, presentiment
• 瞬間しゅんかん — moment, instant

同感 (どうかん) means 'agreement, sharing the same opinion/feeling.' 私も同感だ = 'I feel the same way / I agree.' Yamada says he sometimes can't understand his own child, and the speaker shares that exact sentiment — agreement with an opinion.

• 2同情 (どうじょう) means 'sympathy, compassion (for someone's suffering).' This would imply feeling sorry for Yamada, not sharing his experience/opinion.
• 3共感 (きょうかん) means 'empathy, resonating with someone's feelings.' While close, 共感 emphasizes emotionally resonating with another's feelings, whereas 同感 is the more direct 'I agree / I have the same view,' which fits the ～だ pattern better here.
• 4共鳴 (きょうめい) means 'resonance, sympathetic response' — typically used for ideas, opinions, or artistic works resonating deeply, not for casually agreeing that one's child is hard to understand.

• 同感どうかん — agreement, sharing the same opinion
• 同情どうじょう — sympathy, compassion for suffering
• 共感きょうかん — empathy, emotional resonance
• 共鳴きょうめい — resonance, sympathetic response (to ideas/works)

ありのままに is an adverbial phrase meaning 'as it is, truthfully, without embellishment.' It modifies the verb 映し出している (is projecting/showing), so the sentence means 'The TV is showing the flood situation exactly as it is.' The particle に is key here: ありのままに is a fixed adverbial expression.

• 1ありかた (有り方) means 'the proper way something should be' or 'how something ought to exist.' It is a noun and does not fit the pattern ___に映し出している, nor does it make sense to show a situation 'in its proper way.'
• 2ありさま (有様) means 'state, condition, spectacle' and is a noun. You would say ありさまを映し出している (showing the state), not ありさまに映し出している. The particle に does not work here.
• 4ありよう (有り様) also means 'state, condition' and is a noun. Like ありさま, it would take を rather than に, so it does not fit the grammatical slot.

• ありのままに — as it is, truthfully, without embellishment
• ありかた — proper way of being, how something should be
• ありさま — state, condition, spectacle
• ありよう — state, condition (abstract)
• 映し出す（うつしだす） — to project, to show, to depict

視野 (しや) means 'field of vision' and, figuratively, 'horizons, range of one's outlook.' 視野を広げる is a fixed collocation meaning 'to broaden one's horizons.' The sentence says 'Broaden your horizons more and don't shut yourself away in your own shell.'

• 1見地 (けんち) means 'standpoint, point of view' (e.g., 見地から見る). It does not collocate with 広げる, and 'broadening a standpoint' is not a natural expression.
• 3視点 (してん) means 'viewpoint, perspective' (e.g., 視点を変える 'change one's perspective'). While 視点を変える is common, 視点を広げる is not a standard collocation.
• 4観点 (かんてん) means 'viewpoint, standpoint, angle of observation' (e.g., 観点から論じる). Like the others, it does not pair with 広げる in the way 視野 does.

• 視野しや — field of vision; horizons, breadth of outlook
• 見地けんち — standpoint, point of view
• 視点してん — viewpoint, perspective
• 観点かんてん — viewpoint, standpoint, angle of observation
• 閉とじこもる — to shut oneself in, to seclude oneself