N1 Vocabulary · Test 133

何とぞ (なんとか) is a formal/polite adverb meaning 'please, by all means, kindly.' It is used to strengthen requests. 「何とぞよろしくお願い申し上げます」is a standard, highly polite set phrase meaning 'I kindly ask for your continued good favor.'

• 1何だか (なんだか) means 'somehow / for some reason.' It is casual and used for vague feelings (e.g., 何だか疲れた), not appropriate in a formal request.
• 2何でも (なんでも) means 'anything / whatever.' It does not fit before よろしくお願い申し上げます in this formal closing.
• 4何より (なにより) means 'more than anything / best of all.' While it can express that something is the most important, it is not used as an intensifier before よろしくお願い in this standard formula.

• 何とぞ（なんとか） — please; by all means (formal, used to strengthen requests)
• 何なんだか — somehow; for some reason (casual)
• 何なんでも — anything; whatever
• 何なにより — more than anything; best of all

スペース means 'space (physical room/area).' The sentence says 'I want to buy a big table, but there is no space to put it in this room.' 「置くスペースがない」(there is no space to place it) is a perfectly natural collocation.

• 2ステージ means 'stage' (as in a performance platform). A room does not have a 'stage' for placing a table.
• 3スタンド means 'stand' (e.g., light stand, food stand, stand/bleachers). One does not say 「置くスタンドがない」to mean lack of space.
• 4スタジオ means 'studio' (photography, recording, art studio). This is a type of room/facility, not a space within a room.

• スペース（すぺーす） — space; physical room/area
• ステージ（すてーじ） — stage (performance platform)
• スタンド（すたんど） — stand; bleachers
• スタジオ（すたじお） — studio (photo/recording/art)

おろか (愚か) means 'foolish, stupid.' The sentence says 'Judging everything based only on one's own experience is a foolish thing.' 「愚かなことだ」(it is a foolish thing) fits perfectly, as relying solely on personal experience to judge everything is being criticized as unwise.

• 2かすか (微か) means 'faint, dim, vague' (e.g., 微かな光, a faint light). This describes something barely perceptible, not a foolish action.
• 3のどか (長閑) means 'peaceful, calm, tranquil' (e.g., のどかな風景, a peaceful landscape). This is a positive description, opposite to the critical tone here.
• 4はるか (遥か) means 'far, distant' (e.g., 遥か昔, long ago; 遥かに優れている, far superior). It describes distance or degree, not foolishness.

• おろか — foolish; stupid (愚か)
• かすか — faint; dim; vague (微か)
• のどか — peaceful; calm; tranquil (長閑)
• はるか — far; distant (遥か)

さえて (冴えて) is the te-form of 冴える (さえる), which means 'to be clear, sharp, refreshed (especially of one's mind/head).' The sentence says 'I slept soundly yesterday, so today my head is clear.' 「頭が冴えている」(one's head is clear/sharp) is a common expression, and good sleep leading to a clear head is a natural cause-and-effect.

• 1たえて (堪えて) is the te-form of 堪える (たえる), meaning 'to endure, tolerate.' 「頭が堪えている」is not a natural expression; one endures pain or hardship, not a head.
• 2すえて (据えて) is the te-form of 据える (すえる), meaning 'to set, place, install (something firmly).' 「頭が据えている」can mean 'to be calm/composed' but is not used in the context of feeling refreshed after sleep, and the nuance is different.
• 4うえて (植えて) is the te-form of 植える (うえる), meaning 'to plant (a plant, tree).' 「頭が植えている」makes no sense in this or virtually any context.

• 冴さえる — to be clear/sharp (of mind, head); to be refreshing
• 堪たえる — to endure; tolerate
• 据すえる — to set; place; install firmly
• 植うえる — to plant (plants/trees)

圏（けん）means 'sphere/zone/circle (of influence or activity).' 英語圏（えいごけん）is a common compound meaning 'the English-speaking world/sphere.' The sentence says 'Even among countries in the same English-speaking sphere, the English used there varies.' This fits perfectly.

• 2産（さん）means 'production/industry' (e.g., 農産, 国産). 英語産 is not a meaningful compound in this context.
• 3界（かい）means 'world/community' (e.g., 学界, 芸能界). 英語界 is not a standard word and does not fit the intended meaning of a linguistic/cultural zone.
• 4派（は）means 'faction/school/group' (e.g., 革新派). 英語派 is not a standard compound and does not convey 'English-speaking region.'

• 圏けん — sphere, zone, circle (of influence/activity)
• 英語圏えいごけん — English-speaking world/sphere

リード（lead） means 'to lead, to guide.' リードする is a common katakana verb meaning 'to lead (a team/group).' うまくチームをリードしてほしい means 'I want him/her to lead the team well.' This fits perfectly with キャプテン (captain).

• 1アップ（up） means 'up, increase.' アップする typically means 'to increase (a number/level)' or is used in compounds like スタイルアップ. It does not mean 'to lead.'
• 2オーバー（over） means 'over, excessive.' オーバーな means 'exaggerated, over-the-top.' オーバーする is not a standard verb for leading a team.
• 3バック（back） means 'back, support.' バックアップする means 'to back up / support,' which is close but the stem says チームを___してほしい, and the captain's role is to lead, not merely back up the team.

• リード — lead (to guide/direct a team)
• アップ — up, increase
• オーバー — over, excessive
• バック — back, support

そっけなく（そっけない adverbial form） means 'coldly, bluntly, curtly, without warmth.' そっけなく断られた means 'was rejected curtly/coldly.' The sentence expresses disappointment: 'I went out of my way to say let's go together, but was bluntly turned down.' This fits the emotional nuance perfectly.

• 1ばかばかしく（ばかばかしい adverbial form） means 'foolishly, absurdly, ridiculous.' While one might feel a rejection is absurd, ばかばかしく断られた is not a natural collocation — ばかばかしい describes a situation/idea, not the manner of rejection.
• 3すまなく（すまない adverbial form） means 'feeling apologetic/sorry.' This describes the speaker's own feeling of guilt, not the manner in which someone rejects you. It does not fit 'was rejected ___.'
• 4いやしく（卑しい adverbial form） means 'meanly, basely, greedily.' While grammatically possible, it is not a natural or common way to describe being turned down, and the nuance (greedy/low-class) does not match the context of a social rejection.

• そっけない — cold, blunt, curt (lacking warmth)
• ばかばかしい — foolish, absurd, ridiculous
• すまない — I'm sorry, feeling apologetic
• 卑いやしい — mean, base, greedy

あやふやな means 'vague, ambiguous, noncommittal.' あやふやなことばかり言っている means 'always saying vague/ambiguous things.' This directly contrasts with はっきり答えず ('doesn't answer clearly'), making it the perfect fit: 'He never answers clearly when asked, and only says vague things.'

• 1あべこべな means 'opposite, reversed, inside-out.' Saying 'opposite things' does not match the idea of not answering clearly; it would mean giving the reverse answer, which is a different nuance.
• 3だぶだぶな means 'baggy, loose-fitting (clothes), too large.' This describes physical looseness of clothing, not the vagueness of someone's words.
• 4ふわふわな means 'fluffy, floating, light' or can describe someone as 'flighty/indecisive.' While ふわふわ can metaphorically describe an indecisive personality, it does not naturally modify こと (things said) the way あやふやな does.

• あやふや — vague, ambiguous, noncommittal
• あべこべ — opposite, reversed, inside-out
• だぶだぶ — baggy, loose-fitting (too large)
• ふわふわ — fluffy, floating, flighty

面倒（めんどう） means 'trouble, care, bother.' The fixed expression 面倒を見る（めんどうをみる） means 'to take care of someone, to look after someone.' 後輩の面倒をよく見てくれる means 'kindly takes good care of her juniors.' This is a very common and natural phrase.

• 2世話（せわ） means 'care, looking after.' The verb collocation is 世話をする or 世話を焼く（せわをやく）, not 世話を見る. Since the stem uses 見てくれる, 面倒を見る is the correct match, not 世話.
• 3助け（たすけ） means 'help, assistance.' 助けを見る is not a natural collocation; one would say 助けをする or 助ける, but not 助けを見る.
• 4手伝い（てつだい） means 'help, assistance.' 手伝いを見る is not a natural collocation; one would say 手伝いをする or 手伝う, but not 手伝いを見る.

• 面倒めんどう — trouble, care; 面倒を見る = to take care of/look after someone
• 世話せわ — care, looking after; 世話をする = to look after someone
• 助たすけ — help, assistance
• 手伝てつだい — help, assistance

危害（きがい）を加える is a fixed collocation meaning 'to cause harm to.' The sentence means 'That animal may sometimes cause harm to humans.' 危害 refers to physical or psychological damage/injury inflicted on someone.

• 1迫害（はくがい） means 'persecution' — systematic oppression, usually of a group. You don't say 迫害を加える; the verb would be 迫害する, and it doesn't fit 'an animal causing harm to humans.'
• 2障害（しょうがい） means 'obstacle, barrier, disability.' 障害を加える is not a natural collocation; 障害 refers to something that impedes, not harm inflicted.
• 3災害（さいがい） means 'disaster' (natural disaster, etc.). 災害を加える is unnatural — disasters occur on their own; they are not 'added' by an agent.

• 危害きがい — harm, injury, damage (inflicted on someone)
• 迫害はくがい — persecution, oppression
• 障害しょうがい — obstacle, barrier, disability
• 災害さいがい — disaster, calamity