N1 Vocabulary · Test 135

つらぬいた is the past tense of 貫く (つらぬく), meaning 'to pierce through, to carry through to the end, to stick to (one's beliefs).' 信念を貫く is a fixed collocation meaning 'to hold fast to one's convictions throughout one's life.' The sentence means 'Tanaka stuck to his beliefs his whole life.'

• 1はたした (果たした) means 'fulfilled, accomplished' and collocates with 義務 (duty), 責任 (responsibility), 約束 (promise), etc. One does not normally say 信念を果たす.
• 2うちこんだ (打ち込んだ) means 'devoted oneself to, poured oneself into' (e.g., 仕事に打ち込む) or 'drove in, struck in.' 信念を打ち込む is not a standard collocation.
• 3やりとげた (やり遂げた) means 'accomplished, carried through to completion' and collocates with 仕事 (work) or 目標 (goal). While close in meaning, 信念をやり遂げる is not the idiomatic choice; 信念を貫く is the standard expression.

• 貫つらぬく — to pierce through; to carry through to the end; to stick to (beliefs)
• 果はたす — to fulfill, to accomplish (duties, promises)
• 打ち込む（うちこむ） — to devote oneself to; to drive in, strike in
• やり遂げる（やりとげる） — to accomplish, to carry through to completion
• 信念しんねん — conviction, belief, creed

しいて (強いて) means 'forcibly, reluctantly, if pressed.' しいて選ぶなら is a common set phrase meaning 'if I had to choose (even though I don't want to).' The sentence means 'I'd be troubled if asked whether I prefer dogs or cats, but if I had to choose, it'd be cats.'

• 1たとえ (仮令) means 'even if' and is used with 〜ても (たとえ〜ても). たとえ選ぶなら is grammatically incomplete and does not fit here.
• 2まさに (正に) means 'truly, exactly, indeed' and is used for emphasis (e.g., まさにその通り). まさに選ぶなら would mean 'truly if choosing,' which is unnatural in this context.
• 4ひいては means 'and eventually, by extension, furthermore' and is used to extend a consequence one step further (e.g., A、ひいてはB). It does not fit the 'if forced to choose' meaning needed here.

• 強しいて — forcibly, reluctantly, if pressed
• たとえ — even if (used with 〜ても)
• 正まさに — truly, exactly, indeed
• ひいては — and eventually, by extension, furthermore

のぞましい (望ましい) means 'desirable, ideal, hoped-for.' The sentence means 'No special qualification is needed for this job, but it is desirable that one can speak Japanese to some degree.' The pattern 〜ことがのぞましい ('it is desirable that...') is a standard formal expression.

• 2ふさわしい (相応しい) means 'suitable, fitting, appropriate' and describes whether something/someone matches a role or purpose (e.g., この仕事にふさわしい人). Here the sentence is about a condition being desirable, not about suitability of a person, so it does not fit naturally.
• 3まちどおしい (待ち遠しい) means 'longed for, impatiently awaited' (e.g., 待ち遠しいイベント). This describes something you eagerly wait for, which makes no sense here.
• 4めざましい (目覚ましい) means 'remarkable, striking, astounding' (e.g., 目覚ましい成長 'remarkable growth'). This describes an impressive degree of change or achievement, not a desirable condition.

• 望のぞましい — desirable, ideal, hoped-for
• 相応ふさわしい — suitable, fitting, appropriate
• 待ち遠しい（まちどおしい） — longed for, impatiently awaited
• 目覚めざましい — remarkable, striking, astounding
• 資格しかく — qualification, license

オーバー (over) means 'to exceed, to go over.' 制限速度を50キロオーバーして走り is a common expression meaning 'drove 50 km over the speed limit.' The sentence means 'On the highway I drove exceeding the speed limit by 50 km and got caught for speeding.'

• 1アップ (up) means 'to increase, to raise.' 制限速度を50キロアップして would mean 'raising the speed limit by 50 km,' which implies changing the limit itself rather than exceeding it, so it does not fit.
• 3マーク (mark) means 'to mark, to record, to achieve (a record).' 制限速度を50キロマークして is nonsensical in this context.
• 4チェンジ (change) means 'to change, to switch.' 制限速度を50キロチェンジして does not form a meaningful expression for speeding.

• オーバー — to exceed, to go over (a limit)
• 制限速度せいげんそくど — speed limit
• スピード違反（スピードいはん） — speeding violation
• つかまる — to be caught, to be arrested

割り込む（わりこむ）means 'to cut into (a line/queue)' or 'to interrupt.' The stem describes someone cutting into a line of people waiting their turn, and being complained at as a result. わりこんだら ('when I cut in') fits perfectly: 並んで順番を待っている人の列に割り込んだら、文句を言われた ('When I cut into the line of people waiting in order, I was complained to').

• 1押し込む（おしこむ）means 'to push into' or 'to break into (a house).' While it involves physical intrusion, it is not the standard verb for cutting into a line.
• 2乗り込む（のりこむ）means 'to get on (a vehicle)' or 'to march/ride into (a place).' It does not describe inserting oneself into a queue.
• 3踏み込む（ふみこむ）means 'to step into' or 'to delve deeply into (a matter).' It could describe physically stepping into a space, but it is not the idiomatic word for cutting into a line.

• 割り込む（わりこむ） — to cut into (a line), to interrupt
• 押し込む（おしこむ） — to push into, to break into (a house)
• 乗り込む（のりこむ） — to get on (a vehicle), to march into
• 踏み込む（ふみこむ） — to step into, to delve into

Option 3: 迅速な (じんそくな) means 'swift, rapid, prompt.' In emergencies (非常時), swift action is required—this is the natural collocation. 迅速な行動 is a standard set phrase.

• 1切実な (せつじつな) means 'urgent, pressing, heartfelt.' While it can describe needs, 切実な行動 is not a natural collocation; the focus in emergencies is on speed, not emotional urgency.
• 2敏感な (びんかんな) means 'sensitive, perceptive.' 敏感な行動 does not make sense—you need quick action, not sensitivity.
• 4頻繁な (ひんぱんな) means 'frequent.' 頻繁な行動 would mean acting frequently/repeatedly, which is not what emergencies call for.

• 迅速じんそくな — swift, rapid, prompt
• 非常時ひじょうじ — emergency, times of crisis
• 切実せつじつな — urgent, pressing, earnest
• 頻繁ひんぱんな — frequent, repeated

Option 4: わずらわしい (煩わしい) means 'troublesome, bothersome, annoying.' The sentence says 'Perhaps because of old age, everything I do is ___.' As people age, even simple tasks feel bothersome—わずらわしい captures this perfectly.

• 1まぎらわしい (紛らわしい) means 'confusing, ambiguous, hard to distinguish.' This describes things that are easily mistaken for something else, not the feeling of tasks being troublesome.
• 2なやましい (悩ましい) means 'distressing, vexing, alluring.' It implies emotional distress or temptation, not the mundane bother of daily tasks.
• 3みすぼらしい (見すぼらしい) means 'shabby, squalid, miserable-looking.' This describes appearance, not the feeling of doing things being troublesome.

• 煩わずらわしい — troublesome, bothersome, annoying
• 紛まぎらわしい — confusing, ambiguous, hard to distinguish
• 見みすぼらしい — shabby, squalid, miserable in appearance

Option 1: スタイル means 'style,' but in Japanese it commonly refers to one's body figure/proportions. スタイルがいい means 'to have a good figure.' The sentence says Suzuki-san has a good ___, so any clothes look good on her—clearly referring to body shape/figure.

• 2スマート means 'smart, stylish' or 'slim.' It is an adjective (な-adjective), not a noun, so it cannot fit the pattern （　）がいい where a noun is required. Also, スマートがいい is not a valid expression.
• 3ストップ means 'stop.' ストップがいい is nonsensical in this context.
• 4スタミナ means 'stamina, endurance.' スタミナがいい means 'has good stamina,' which has nothing to do with clothes looking good.

• スタイル（すたいる） — style; (in Japanese) body figure/proportions
• 似合にあう — to suit, to look good on (someone)

Option 4: いっそ means 'rather, might as well, instead.' The sentence says 'If human relations are going to be this much trouble, I might as well quit this company.' いっそ expresses choosing an alternative course of action when the current situation is unbearable.

• 1いっこうに means 'not at all, entirely' and must be used with a negative predicate (いっこうに〜ない). It cannot fit here since the sentence ends with the affirmative やめてしまう.
• 2いっしんに (一心に) means 'with wholehearted devotion, earnestly.' It does not fit the context of deciding to quit.
• 3いったい means 'on earth, in the world' (used in questions for emphasis, e.g., いったいどうするのか). It does not convey 'might as well' and is typically used interrogatively.

• いっそ — rather, might as well, instead (expressing preference for an alternative)
• いっこうに — not at all (used with negative predicate)
• 一心いっしんに — with wholehearted devotion, earnestly

The correct answer is 3 対処（たいしょ）する, meaning 'to deal with / handle / cope with'. The sentence means 'It is being watched how the government will deal with this problem.' 対処する takes the particle に (〜に対処する), which matches the stem's この問題にどう対処するか.

• 1対面（たいめん）means 'face-to-face meeting / confronting someone face to face.' It does not take する with に in this pattern, and a government does not '対面する' a problem.
• 2対比（たいひ）means 'comparison / contrasting.' You might say AとBを対比する, but not 問題に対比する — a problem is not something you 'compare.'
• 4対等（たいとう）means 'equal / on an equal footing.' It is an adjective-like noun (対等な関係, 対等に戦う) and does not fit '〜に対等するか.'

• 対処たいしょ — dealing with, handling, coping with (〜に対処する)
• 対面たいめん — face-to-face meeting, confronting face to face
• 対比たいひ — comparison, contrast
• 対等たいとう — equal, on an equal footing