N1 Vocabulary · Test 140

In the stem, むこう means 'the other party / the opponent' (相手方). The sentence says 'we devise our strategy to match むこう (the opposing team).' Option 2 uses むこう in the same sense: 'in the negotiation, むこうの (the other party's) 主張 prevailed.' This is the same usage of むこう as 'the opposing side / counterpart.'

• 1Here むこう means 'over there / that direction' (physical direction), a different usage from the stem.
• 3Here むこう means 'the coming / the next' (むこう3ヵ月 = 'the next three months'), a different usage.
• 4Here むこう means 'the other side / the opposite bank' (physical location across the river), a different usage.

• 向むこう — the other side; the opponent/other party; over there; the coming (period)

In the stem, サービス means 'free of charge / complimentary' — コーヒーがサービスでつく means 'coffee is included for free.' Option 3 uses the same meaning: アルバムが1冊サービスになる means 'one album is given free of charge' when you develop photos. This matches the stem usage.

• 1Here サービス means 'service' as in the service industry (サービス業), a different usage from 'free/complimentary.'
• 2Here サービス means 'quality of service / customer service' (サービスがいい = 'good service'), a different usage.
• 4Here 家庭サービス means 'devoting attention/time to one's family' (a figurative use), a different usage from 'free of charge.'

• サービス（さーびす） — service; complimentary/free item; customer service

In the stem, かなう (適う) means 'to conform to / to be in accordance with.' 礼儀にかなっている means 'conforms to etiquette.' Option 4 uses the same meaning: 目的にかなった問題 means 'questions that conform to / are in line with the purpose.' This is the same usage of 適う.

• 1Here かなう (叶う) means 'to be fulfilled / to come true' (願いが叶う = 'a wish comes true'), a different kanji and meaning.
• 2Here かなう (敵う) means 'to match / to rival / to be a match for' (かなう者がいない = 'no one can match him'), a different kanji and meaning.
• 3Here かなわない is an idiomatic expression meaning 'cannot bear / is unbearable' (暑くてはかなわない = 'this heat is unbearable'), a different usage.

• 適かなう — to conform to, to be in accordance with
• 叶かなう — to be fulfilled, to come true (wishes)
• 敵かなう — to match, to rival, to be a match for

In the stem, いためる (痛める) means 'to cause mental/emotional distress / to worry.' 頭をいためている means 'is racking his brain / worrying about' how to make a holiday everyone will enjoy. Option 2 uses the same meaning: 小さな胸をいためる means 'to hurt one's heart / to cause emotional pain,' referring to a child's emotional distress. Both use 痛める in the sense of causing mental or emotional suffering.

• 1Here いためた refers to 炒める (to stir-fry / to sauté), a different kanji meaning 'to cook by frying.' いためた野菜 = 'stir-fried vegetables.'
• 3Here いためる means 'to injure physically' (ひじをいためた = 'injured one's elbow'), referring to physical damage to a body part — a different usage from mental distress.
• 4Here いためる means 'to damage / to break' (機械をいためる = 'damage the machine'), referring to physical damage to an object — a different usage.

• 痛いためる — to cause (mental/emotional) pain; to worry; to distress
• 炒いためる — to stir-fry, to sauté
• 傷いためる — to damage, to break, to injure

In the stem, ふかい (深い) means 'profound / having deep meaning.' ふかい意味がある means 'there is a profound meaning.' Option 4 uses the same meaning: ふかい考え means 'a profound/deep thought.' 別にふかい考えがあって言ったことではない means 'I didn't say it with any particularly deep intention.' This matches the stem usage of 深い as 'profound' in an abstract sense.

• 1Here ふかい means 'physically deep' (深い湖 = 'a deep lake'), referring to physical depth of water — a different usage.
• 2Here ふかい means 'thick / dense' (深い森 = 'a deep/dense forest'), referring to the density of vegetation — a different usage.
• 3Here ふかい means 'deep/dark (in color)' (深い青 = 'deep blue'), referring to color intensity — a different usage.

• 深ふかい — deep (physical); profound (abstract); dense (forest); deep/dark (color)

The stem uses せかい（世界）in an abstract, personal sense: せかいがひらけた感じがした ('I felt like my world opened up') — one's personal world/perspective broadened. Option 1, まだまだ我々の知らないせかいがたくさんある ('There are still many worlds we don't know'), uses せかい in the same abstract, broad sense — unknown realms of experience or knowledge. Both refer to 世界 as an expansive, non-physical concept rather than a concrete geographic or competitive domain.

• 2Here せかいのニュース means 'world news / international news' — せかい refers to the physical/international world as a geographic entity. This is a different usage from the abstract personal 'world' in the stem.
• 3勝負のせかい ('the world of competition') uses せかい to mean 'the realm/domain of ~,' a specialized field. This is a different sense from the broad, personal world in the stem.
• 4せかい一週（世界一周, 'around the world'）uses せかい to refer to the physical globe for travel. This is a concrete geographic usage, different from the abstract sense in the stem.

• 世界せかい — world (can mean: the physical world, one's personal world/perspective, a specific realm/domain, the international community)
• 開ひらける — to open up, to broaden (one's perspective/world)

The stem uses くに（国）to mean 'hometown / home region (countryside)': 都会にいると、くにの親が送ってくれるいなかの食べ物 ('When living in the city, the country food my parents from back home send...'). Option 3, くにの名物や祭りの自慢をしてにぎやかだ ('everyone boasts about their hometown's local specialties and festivals'), uses くに in exactly the same sense — one's hometown/home region and its local culture. Both contrast くに with being away from home.

• 1いろいろなくにの人が住んでいる ('people from various countries live here') uses くに to mean 'nation/country' (a sovereign state). This is a different usage.
• 2くにをあげて ('the whole nation') uses くに to mean 'the nation' as a political entity. This is a different usage.
• 4夢のくに ('dream land/world') uses くに figuratively to mean 'a land/realm' (as in a fairy-tale or imaginary place). This is a different usage from 'hometown.'

• 国くに — hometown, home region (also: nation/country, a figurative land/realm)
• 名物めいぶつ — local specialty, famous product of a region

The stem uses ひく（引く）in 人目を引く ('to attract people's attention'), where 引く means 'to attract/draw (attention).' Option 3, 私の注意をひいた ('attracted my attention'), uses 引く in exactly the same sense — 注意を引く ('to attract attention'). Both involve drawing someone's attention/gaze.

• 15から3をひくと2になる ('subtract 3 from 5 and you get 2') uses 引く to mean 'to subtract' (arithmetic). Different usage.
• 2油をひいた ('spread oil') uses 引く to mean 'to spread/lay (a thin layer of something).' Different usage.
• 4温泉をひいている ('piping/drawing hot spring water') uses 引く to mean 'to pipe/draw (water/utilities) into one's property.' Different usage.

• 引ひく — to pull, to attract (attention), to subtract, to spread (oil), to draw/pipe (water), to look up (a dictionary)
• 人目を引く（ひとめをひく） — to attract people's attention, to stand out
• 注意を引く（ちゅういをひく） — to attract (someone's) attention

The stem uses しぶい（渋い）to describe a style that is restrained, understated, and refined — contrasted with はで（派手, 'flashy/showy'): 一方はしぶくて、一方ははでだ ('one is subdued/refined, the other is flashy'). This is about aesthetic quality. Option 2, ネクタイの趣味がしぶい ('his taste in neckties is 渋い'), uses しぶい in the same aesthetic sense — refined, understated, sophisticated (not flashy). Both describe a restrained, non-flashy style.

• 1お茶を濃くいれすぎるとしぶくなる ('if you brew tea too strong it becomes 渋い') uses しぶい to mean 'astringent/bitter (taste).' This is the literal taste sense, different from the aesthetic sense.
• 3寄付はしぶかった ('was reluctant/stingy about donations') uses しぶい to mean 'reluctant, unwilling, tight-fisted.' Different usage.
• 4しぶい顔をした ('made a 渋い face') uses しぶい顔 as a set phrase meaning 'a displeased/grim expression.' Different usage.

• 渋しぶい — restrained/refined (aesthetic); astringent/bitter (taste); reluctant/stingy; grim (expression)
• 派手はで — flashy, showy, ostentatious

The stem uses なげる（投げる）to mean 'to give up on / to abandon (someone/something)': あの人のことはもうなげている。何を言ってもむだだ ('I've already given up on that person. Whatever I say is useless'). Option 4, 途中でなげられては困る ('it would be a problem if they abandon/give up halfway'), uses 投げる in exactly the same sense — to give up, to throw in the towel, to abandon a commitment. Both involve giving up on something one was supposed to do.

• 1ボールをなげてやる ('throw a ball for the dog') uses 投げる in the literal physical sense 'to throw (an object).' Different usage.
• 2社会に話題をなげた ('threw a topic into society') uses 投げる to mean 'to throw/put forward (a topic/issue).' Different usage.
• 3小さな人になげられたりする ('get thrown by a smaller person') uses 投げる in the literal physical sense 'to throw (a person, as in sumo).' Different usage.

• 投なげる — to throw (physically); to give up on / abandon (someone or a task); to throw out (a topic)
• 投げる（人を）（なげる） — to give up on a person, to wash one's hands of someone