N2 Grammar · Test 20

とともに means 'together with' or 'along with.' The sentence 彼は家族とともにシンガポールに行くことになった means 'He ended up going to Singapore together with his family.' This is the natural and grammatically correct choice.

• 1としたら means 'if we assume/suppose that...' — does not fit the context of going together with family.
• 2とすれば also means 'if we suppose that...' — same issue as option 1, does not convey 'together with.'
• 3ろころに is garbled text (likely a transcription error). Even if it were ところに ('when/where'), it would not fit this sentence pattern.

• とともに — together with, along with
• としたら — if we assume/suppose that...
• とすれば — if we suppose that...

おかげで means 'thanks to' and expresses gratitude for a positive outcome. The sentence あの医者のおかげで、命が助かった means 'Thanks to that doctor, my life was saved.' This is a positive result attributed to someone, so おかげで is correct.

• 2せいで means 'because of' and is used for negative/unfavorable outcomes with a sense of blame. Saving a life is positive, so this is wrong.
• 3くせに means 'even though' and expresses complaint or criticism about someone doing something contrary to expectations. It does not express causation or gratitude.
• 4ためで is not a standard grammar pattern in this usage. While ため can mean 'because of,' ためで as a standalone connector here is unnatural and does not convey the gratitude nuance needed.

• おかげで — thanks to (positive outcome, with gratitude)
• せいで — because of (negative outcome, with blame)
• くせに — even though, despite (with complaint/criticism)

たびに means 'every time' or 'whenever.' The sentence 木村さんは旅行に行くたびに、おみやげを買ってきてくれる means 'Every time Kimura goes on a trip, he buys souvenirs for me.' This expresses a recurring action that happens each time the condition (going on a trip) is met.

• 1とおりに means 'exactly as' or 'in the way that.' It does not express 'every time,' so it does not fit the recurring-action context.
• 2ばかりに means 'just because' and typically introduces an unfortunate result caused by something. It does not mean 'every time' and carries a negative nuance.
• 4うちに means 'while' or 'during the time that,' referring to a continuous period. It does not express the repeated/each-time meaning needed here.

• たびに — every time, whenever (recurring action)
• とおりに — exactly as, in the way that
• ばかりに — just because (often with negative result)
• うちに — while, during the time that

「〜わりに」means 'for/despite' and expresses that the result is disproportionate to the expectation. Here, 忙しくて大変なわりに = 'despite being busy and tough (one would expect good pay), the salary isn't very good.' The noun + な + わりに pattern works here because 忙しくて大変な modifies an implied noun (仕事/状況).

• 1「〜かわりに」means 'instead of / in exchange for.' It would imply 'instead of being busy and tough, the salary isn't good,' which makes no logical sense here.
• 3「〜だけに」means 'as might be expected / all the more because.' It would imply the bad salary is a natural consequence of being busy and tough, which is illogical.
• 4「〜かぎりに」means 'as long as / to the limit of.' It does not fit this sentence pattern at all.

• 〜わりに — for ~ / despite ~ (expressing disproportion between expectation and reality)
• 〜かわりに — instead of / in exchange for
• 〜だけに — as might be expected; all the more because
• 〜かぎりに — as long as; to the limit of

「〜によって」means 'by / through (an agent or means).' 若者によって新しい流行がつくりだされる = 'new trends are created by young people.' This passive construction with によって identifies the agent who performs the action.

• 1「〜にかけて」means 'through (a span of time/space)' or 'in the area of.' It does not express agency in a passive sentence.
• 2「〜にわたって」means 'spanning / over (a wide range or long period).' It does not express 'by means of' an agent.
• 4「〜につけ（〜につけ）」means 'whenever ~ happens.' It does not fit this sentence.

• 〜によって — by (agent); by means of; depending on
• 〜にかけて — through (a span); in the area/domain of
• 〜にわたって — spanning; over (a wide range/long period)
• 〜につけ — whenever ~

食べきれません is the correct answer. The verb 食べる + きれる (potential form of きる, meaning 'to finish completely') + negative ません gives 食べきれない, meaning 'cannot finish eating.' The sentence means: 'With so much feast spread out, I can't possibly finish eating it all.' The とても...ない pattern emphasizes impossibility.

• 1上がり is wrong. 上がる as a suffix means 'to be done/completed' (e.g., でき上がる), but 食べ上がる is not a standard compound and does not pair with とても...ません to mean 'can't finish.'
• 2しまい is wrong. 〜しまう means 'to finish completely' or 'to do something regretfully,' but 食べしまい is not grammatical as a V-masu stem + しまう form. The correct form would be 食べてしまう, which doesn't fit the とても...ません pattern here.
• 3かね is wrong. 〜かねる means 'to be unable to do (out of reluctance/difficulty),' as in 食べかねる 'hesitate to eat.' This expresses reluctance, not inability to finish, and does not fit the context of too much food.

• 〜きれる — to be able to finish/completely do (potential of きる)
• ごちそう — feast, lavish meal
• ならぶ — to be lined up, spread out (on a table)
• 〜かねる — to be unable to (due to reluctance or difficulty); cannot bring oneself to

しか is the correct answer. がんばるしかない means 'there is nothing to do but try hard / one has no choice but to do one's best.' The pattern V(辞書形) + しか + ない expresses 'the only option is to ~.' The sentence means: 'To pass the exam, there is nothing to do but try hard.'

• 1ばかり is wrong. がんばるばかりない is ungrammatical. ばかり can follow nouns or V-て (〜てばかりいる = always doing ~), but V-辞書形 + ばかり + ない does not form a valid construction.
• 2だけ is wrong. がんばるだけない is ungrammatical. だけ can express 'only' (がんばるだけだ = the only thing is to try hard), but だけ + ない does not work. The correct form would be がんばるだけだ or がんばるしかない.
• 4のみ is wrong. がんばるのみない is ungrammatical. のみ is a formal equivalent of だけ/ばかり meaning 'only,' but のみ + ない does not form a valid construction. The correct form would be がんばるのみだ.

• 〜しかない — there is nothing to do but ~; the only option is ~
• 〜ばかり — only, nothing but (used with nouns, V-て, etc.)
• 〜だけ — only, just
• 〜のみ — only (formal/literary equivalent of だけ)

読んでいる is the correct answer. 読んでいるうちに means 'while (I was) reading.' The pattern V-ている + うちに expresses 'during the time one is doing ~' or 'while ~ is happening,' describing a continuous state during which something else occurs. The sentence means: 'While I was reading the letter that arrived from my mother in my hometown, tears spilled before I knew it.'

• 1読んでおく is wrong. 〜ておく means 'to do something in advance/for future benefit.' 読んでおくうちに is not a natural construction — おく describes preparatory action, not an ongoing state that うちに requires.
• 2読んである is wrong. 〜てある describes a resulting state of an action (the letter has been read and is in that state). 読んであるうちに does not work because てある describes a completed state, not an ongoing process that うちに requires.
• 4読んでしまう is wrong. 〜てしまう means 'to finish completely' or 'to do something with regret.' 読んでしまううちに is unnatural because しまう describes completion/finality, not a continuous ongoing action during which something else happens.

• 〜うちに — while ~, during the time when ~ (requires ongoing state/action)
• 〜ておく — to do something in advance / for a purpose
• 〜てある — state resulting from a completed action (with transitive verb)
• 〜てしまう — to finish completely; to do something regrettably
• 思おもわず — unintentionally, before one realizes, instinctively
• こぼれる — to spill, to overflow (here: tears spill)

The pattern 「～というものだ」 expresses the essential nature or definition of something: 'that is what ~ is (by nature).' Here, 「大人というものです」 means 'that is what an adult is.' The sentence says: 'A person who can think not only about themselves but also from the other person's perspective — that is what an adult is.'

• 2「ひと」would make 「大人というひとです」('the person called an adult'), which sounds like referring to a specific individual rather than defining an abstract concept. The pattern 「～というものだ」 is the fixed expression for defining the nature of something.
• 3「ほう」is used for comparisons or directions (「～のほう」), not for defining the essence of a concept.
• 4「ところ」means 'place' or 'situation' and does not fit the defining pattern 「～というものだ」.

• もの（者／物） — used abstractly in 「～というものだ」to express the nature/essence of something: 'that is what ~ is'
• 立場に立って考える（たちばにたってかんがえる） — to think from someone's perspective / put oneself in someone's shoes

The pattern 「～ないこともない」is a double negative meaning 'it's not that ~ isn't the case' → 'I can ~ / I do ~.' Here, 「わからないこともありません」= 'it's not that I don't understand (your hardships)' = 'I do understand.' The context — 'I also studied abroad, so...' — supports this: the speaker can relate to the listener's struggles.

• 1「と」does not form any grammatical pattern with 「こと」+「ない」here. 「こととない」is ungrammatical.
• 2「まで」with 「ない」would suggest 'not even ~,' but 「わからないことまでない」is not a valid construction in this context.
• 3「さえ」with 「ない」means 'not even ~.' 「わからないことさえない」= 'not even the case of not understanding' — this is awkward and does not convey the intended 'I can understand' nuance.

• ～こともない — it's not that ~ (double negative, softening): 'it's not that I don't...'
• 苦労くろう — hardship, struggle, effort