N2 Grammar · Test 30

The correct answer is 2 持ち出しては. The pattern V-ては ならない means 'must not do ~' (prohibition). The full phrase 持ち出してはならない means 'must not take out.' 禁帯出 (きんたいしゅつ) literally means 'prohibition on taking out,' so this matches perfectly.

• 1持ち出し ならない is ungrammatical; the stem form 持ち出し cannot directly connect to ならない to express prohibition.
• 3持ち出したら ならない is not a valid prohibition pattern. V-たら ならない would mean 'if you take it out, it won't do,' which is awkward and not the standard form.
• 4持ち出すと ならない is not a valid prohibition pattern. V-ると ならない is ungrammatical for expressing 'must not.'

• 禁帯出きんたいしゅつ — prohibition on taking items out (a sign often seen in libraries, etc.)
• 持ち出す（もちだす） — to carry out, to take out
• 〜てはならない — must not do ~ (strong prohibition)

The correct answer is 3 なった. The pattern V-た とたん(に) means 'the moment ~ happened, ~' or 'as soon as ~.' It requires the past tense (た-form) before とたん. The sentence means: 'As soon as it got hot, beer sales improved.' 暑くなったとたん = 'the moment it became hot.'

• 1なる とたん is wrong because とたん requires the た-form (past tense), not the dictionary form.
• 2なるか とたん is ungrammatical; か is a question particle and does not fit here.
• 4なろう とたん is ungrammatical; the volitional form cannot precede とたん.

• とたん — the moment ~; as soon as ~ (requires V-た before it)
• 売れ行き（うれゆき） — sales, selling performance
• 暑あつい — hot (weather/temperature)

The correct answer is 1 とともに. The pattern N とともに means 'along with ~' or 'as ~ happens, ~ also happens.' The sentence means: 'In cities, along with the increase in population, the housing problem has become serious.' The two changes happen in parallel, so とともに is correct.

• 2としたら means 'if we assume ~ / if ~ happens' (N/ V-た としたら). It expresses a hypothetical, not a parallel change.
• 3にしても means 'even if ~ / even though ~.' It expresses concession, not simultaneous progression.
• 4について means 'about ~ / regarding ~.' It introduces a topic, not a parallel relationship.

• 増加ぞうか — increase
• 住宅問題じゅうたくもんだい — housing problem
• 深刻しんこく — serious, severe
• 〜とともに — along with ~; as ~ happens, ~ also happens

The correct answer is 4 に対する. The pattern N に対する N' means 'N' directed at/toward N' — i.e., criticism against something. Here, 公害を出す企業 に対する 批判 means 'criticism against companies that produce pollution.' に対する is the attributive (modifier) form that connects to the noun 批判.

• 1にとっての means 'for ~'s sake/from ~'s perspective' (e.g., 学生にとっての問題). It would mean 'criticism from the perspective of polluting companies,' which reverses the intended meaning.
• 2にとって means 'for ~ / to ~' but cannot directly modify the noun 批判 without の, and even then it would mean 'criticism for the companies,' which is wrong semantically.
• 3に対するの is ungrammatical as a noun modifier; the の is unnecessary and incorrect before 批判. The correct attributive form is simply に対する.

• 公害こうがい — pollution, environmental pollution
• 企業きぎょう — enterprise, company
• 批判ひはん — criticism
• 〜に対する（〜にたいする） — against ~; directed toward ~ (attributive form modifying a noun)

The pattern V辞書形（dictionary form）+ 一方だ means 'keep doing X more and more' or 'be on the increase.' Here, ふえる（増える）is the dictionary form, so ふえる一方のようだ means 'it seems the number of foreigners coming to Japan keeps increasing.'

• 1ふえた is the past tense. 一方だ requires the dictionary (present) form, not the past form.
• 2ふえよう is the volitional form ('let's increase'). This cannot precede 一方だ, which requires the dictionary form.
• 4ふえそう ('looks like it will increase') is the V-そう form. 一方だ does not take this form; it requires the plain dictionary form.

• 増ふえる — to increase
• 〜一方だ（〜いっぽうだ） — keep ~-ing more and more (V辞書形 + 一方だ)

Option 4 is correct. The speaker wanted to work early, and the company allowed them to work part-time in the meantime.「させてもらう」means 'to be allowed/permitted to do' something, showing that the speaker is receiving a favor (the opportunity to work).「ことになった」indicates that this arrangement was decided (by the company). The sentence means 'It was decided that I would be allowed to do part-time work...'

• 1「してあげる」means 'to do a favor for someone else'. The speaker is the one who wants to work, so they are receiving the favor, not giving it.
• 2「してもらう」means 'to have someone do something for me'. This would mean the speaker is having the company do the part-time job, which makes no sense.
• 3「させてあげる」means 'to let someone else do something'. This would mean the speaker is letting the company do the part-time job, which is backwards.

• させてもらう — to be allowed to do, to have the privilege of doing
• ことになる — to be decided (often by an outside force or organization)

Option 3 is correct. B is giving blunt, obvious advice to A, who is worrying unnecessarily.「断ればいいだけでしょ」means 'You just have to decline, right?'. The「〜だけでしょ」pattern seeks agreement on an obvious, simple solution, fitting B's tone of 'Why are you worrying? It's simple.'

• 1「断ればいいだけなの」uses「なの」, which is a softer ending seeking confirmation or explanation. It lacks the rhetorical, 'isn't it obvious?' nuance of「でしょ」, which fits B's slightly exasperated tone better.
• 2「断りたいだけなの」means 'You just want to decline?'. This misinterprets the situation; A wants to decline but finds it hard, so B is suggesting a solution, not asking if A wants to decline.
• 4「断りたいだけでしょ」means 'You just want to decline, right?'. Like option 2, this has the wrong meaning. B is stating the solution (you should decline), not analyzing A's desires.

• 断ことわる — to decline, to refuse
• 〜ばいい — it would be good if..., you should just...
• 〜だけでしょ — it's just..., right? (seeking agreement on an obvious point)