N2 Grammar · Test 35

「〜にともなって」means 'along with ~ / as ~ happens, ... also changes', expressing that one change accompanies another. The sentence means 'On that island, as the forests decrease, the number of birds and animals has been declining.' Forest decrease and wildlife decline are parallel changes, so にともなって fits.

• 2「〜をたよりに」means 'relying on ~ / depending on ~', used when someone depends on something for support (e.g., 地図をたよりに 'relying on a map'). It does not express parallel change.
• 3「〜をめぐり」(をめぐって) means 'concerning ~ / around (the issue of) ~', used for disputes or discussions about a topic. It does not express accompanying change.
• 4「〜に対し」means 'in contrast to ~ / towards ~', expressing opposition or contrast. It does not express that one change accompanies another.

• 〜にともなって — along with ~; as ~ (changes), ... also changes (accompanying change)
• 森林しんりん — forest(s)
• 減少げんしょう — decrease; reduction (note: the stem writes 減小, which appears to be a transcription error for 減少)
• 〜をたよりに — relying on ~; depending on ~
• 〜をめぐって — concerning ~; around (the issue of) ~
• 〜に対し（〜にたいし） — in contrast to ~; towards ~

「〜からといって」means 'just because ~ doesn't mean ~'. The sentence says: 'Just because there's no contact for a while, you don't need to worry that much.' This pattern is used to deny a conclusion that someone might draw from a premise.

• 1「〜と思うと」means 'just when I thought ~' or 'whenever I think ~'. It doesn't fit here because the sentence needs a concessive 'just because' meaning.
• 2「〜からには」means 'since ~ (then one must/should ~)', expressing determination or obligation based on a reason. It would require a volitional or imperative main clause, not a reassurance.
• 3「〜とならんで」is not a standard grammar pattern at this level. It may be a distractor resembling 「〜とともに」or 「〜なら」but is incorrect here.

• からといって — just because ~ (doesn't mean ~); used to deny an expected conclusion
• 連絡れんらく — contact, communication
• 心配しんぱい — worry, concern

「〜みたいに」means 'like ~' or 'as ~', used to make a comparison. The sentence says: 'My younger sister is as flexible as a gymnast.' This is a straightforward simile.

• 1「〜ぎみに」is not correct usage. 「〜ぎみ」means 'slightly ~ / tending toward ~' (e.g., 風邪ぎみ, 太りぎみ) and attaches to nouns or verb stems, not to 「体操の選手」in this way.
• 2「〜がちに」is not correct usage. 「〜がち」means 'prone to ~ / tends to ~' (e.g., 遅れがち, 忘れがち) and doesn't fit a comparison meaning.
• 4「〜ばかりに」means 'just because ~ (something bad happened)' and expresses regret or a negative consequence. It doesn't fit a positive comparison like 'as flexible as a gymnast.'

• 体操たいそう — gymnastics, calisthenics
• 選手せんしゅ — athlete, player
• やわらかい — soft, flexible

「〜うちは」means 'while ~ / as long as ~', indicating a condition that continues during a certain period. The sentence says: 'While you still have pain in your knee, please don't exercise yet.' It implies that once the pain is gone, exercising may be fine.

• 1「〜うえに」means 'in addition to ~ / not only ~ but also', used to pile on conditions. It doesn't convey the 'while/during' temporal meaning needed here.
• 2「〜からは」means 'since ~, then ~', expressing a logical conclusion or resolution. It would suggest 'since you have pain, (some consequence follows),' but doesn't convey the ongoing 'while' condition.
• 4「〜ところを」means 'when you are ~ing / just as ~', used to describe a momentary situation (e.g., お忙しいところを). It doesn't fit the ongoing condition 'while there is still pain.'

• ひざ — knee
• 痛いたみ — pain
• 運動うんどう — exercise, physical activity

「〜だって」means 'even ~', used to emphasize something surprising or unexpected. The sentence says: 'The new cell phone can not only take photos, you can even watch TV on it!' This emphasizes the surprising additional capability.

• 1「〜にまで」means 'even ~ / all the way to ~', indicating an extreme extent. While it can mean 'even,' it doesn't pair naturally with a verb like 見られる in this conversational context the way だって does.
• 3「〜よりか」is a colloquial form of 「〜より(も)」meaning 'rather than ~ / compared to ~'. It would imply a comparison, which doesn't fit the 'even' meaning needed here.
• 4「〜のくせに」means 'even though ~ (complaint/criticism)', expressing dissatisfaction about a contradiction. It would imply criticism of the TV function, which doesn't fit the positive tone.

• 携帯電話けいたいでんわ — cell phone
• 深夜しんや — late at night

「うえに」means 'in addition to / not only X but also Y' and adds one positive (or negative) fact on top of another. The sentence means: 'That sports club doesn't require an enrollment fee, and on top of that, it's close to my house.' Both facts are positive and additive, so うえに fits perfectly.

• 1「ために」means 'because of / for the purpose of.' While it can express cause, it typically links a reason to a consequence or purpose, not two parallel positive attributes. 「入会金が要らないために近い」would imply the closeness is caused by the lack of a fee, which is illogical.
• 2「ものの」means 'although / even though' and introduces a contrast or concession (e.g., 行ったものの、誰もいなかった). The two facts here are both positive and additive, not contrasting.
• 4「ほどの」means 'to the extent of' and is used in expressions like 〜ほどのことではない ('not a big deal'). It cannot connect two independent positive attributes.

• うえに — in addition to; not only X but also Y (adds similar-quality facts)
• 入会金にゅうかいきん — enrollment fee; joining fee; initiation fee
• スポーツクラブ — sports club; fitness club

Option 4 「ぬきにして」 means 'omitting / skipping' and fits perfectly: 'Let's skip the stiff formal greetings and toast right away.' The pattern 「Xはぬきにして」 means 'leaving X aside / without doing X.'

• 1「ぬかずに」 would be the negative form of 「抜く」 (ぬく, to pull out/remove), meaning 'without pulling out.' It does not convey 'skip/omit' in this context and sounds unnatural with あいさつ.
• 2「ぬくものか」 is an emphatic rhetorical expression meaning 'Would I ever pull it out?! / No way I'd pull it out!' — completely wrong register and meaning here.
• 3「ぬきながら」 means 'while omitting,' which is grammatically awkward and semantically odd — you don't do greetings 'while' omitting them.

• 抜ぬきにして — omitting, skipping, leaving out (something)

Option 2 「つれて」 forms the pattern 「～につれて」 meaning 'as X changes, Y also changes.' The sentence means 'As it got darker around me, I gradually got sleepy.' This pattern requires a change verb in the clause before に.

• 1「～によって」 means 'by means of / depending on / due to.' It does not express the proportional change 'as X happens, Y happens.'
• 3「～に向けて」 means 'towards / aiming at.' It does not express concurrent proportional change.
• 4「～に対して」 means 'towards / against / in contrast to.' It does not express 'as X changes, Y changes.'

The correct answer is 3 (だけは). The pattern V-る + だけは + V-る means 'at least did X (but...).' Here, やるだけはやった means 'I at least did it (as instructed).' The sentence means: 'I at least did as instructed, but I'm not confident whether good results will come.' The だけは construction expresses doing the minimum or at least doing something, with a contrasting follow-up (が...).

• 1だけに means 'because of / precisely because' (e.g., 頑張っただけに結果が残念だ). It expresses a causal relationship, which doesn't fit here — the sentence needs 'at least did it, but...' not 'because I did it.'
• 2だけさえ is not a valid grammatical combination. さえ means 'even' and doesn't pair with だけ in this way. This is a distractor mixing two particles.
• 4だけこそ is not a valid grammatical combination. こそ is an emphatic particle ('precisely/it is...that'), but だけこそ is not an established pattern. This is a distractor.

• だけは — at least (doing the minimum); V-る + だけは + V-る = 'at least did X'
• 指示しじ — instructions, directions
• 自信じしん — confidence

The correct answer is 4 (次第で). N + 次第で means 'depending on N.' アイデア次第でいろいろな使い方ができます means 'Depending on the idea, this product can be used in various ways.' 次第で expresses that the outcome varies based on what follows the noun.

• 1がちに — がち means 'tending to / prone to' (e.g., 病気がち). It attaches to nouns or verb stems and describes a tendency, usually negative. It doesn't fit 'depending on ideas.'
• 2ぎみに — ぎみ means 'looking like / showing signs of' (e.g., 風邪ぎみ). It attaches to nouns or verb stems and indicates a slight tendency or symptom. It doesn't express 'depending on.'
• 3限りで — N + 限りで means 'as far as / based on' (e.g., 私の知る限りで). It expresses the scope of one's knowledge or judgment, not 'depending on.' Using アイデア限りで is both grammatically awkward and semantically wrong here.

• 次第しだいで — depending on ~; varying according to ~
• 製品せいひん — product
• アイデア（あいであ） — idea