N2 Grammar · Test 44

「〜がち」 means 'tend to～, be prone to～' and attaches to the masu-stem (continuative form) of a verb. 考え is the masu-stem of 考える, so 「考えがちになる」 means 'become prone to thinking (that…)'. The sentence means 'When you fail many times, you tend to worry that you might fail again.'

• 2考える is the dictionary form. 「〜がち」 does not attach to the dictionary form; it requires the masu-stem (考え).
• 3考えて is the te-form. 「〜がち」 does not attach to the te-form; it requires the masu-stem (考え).
• 4考えた is the ta-form (past form). 「〜がち」 does not attach to the ta-form; it requires the masu-stem (考え).

• がち — tend to～, be prone to～ (attached to the masu-stem of a verb or a noun)
• 考かんがえがち — tending to think, prone to thinking
• 失敗しっぱい — failure, mistake

The grammar pattern being tested is 〜ざるをえない (ざるをえない), meaning 'cannot help but ~ / have no choice but to ~.' It attaches to the ない-form stem of a verb (i.e., the ない-form with ない dropped). For あきらめる (to give up), the ない-form is あきらめない, and dropping ない gives あきらめ. So the full sentence is: 行くのをあきらめざるをえない = 'I have no choice but to give up going.' Option 3 'あきらめ' is the correct form.

• 1あきらめる is the dictionary form. 〜ざるをえない requires the ない-form stem (あきらめ), not the dictionary form. あきらめるざるをえない is ungrammatical.
• 2あきらめて is the て-form. The て-form cannot connect to 〜ざるをえない; only the ない-form stem works.
• 4あきらめられ is the potential/passive stem. This would form あきらめられざるをえない, which is not a valid construction for this pattern.

• ざるをえない — cannot help but ~; have no choice but to ~ (attached to the ない-form stem of a verb)
• あきらめる — to give up; to abandon

The speaker is addressing 先生 (teacher) and asking permission to borrow a book. The correct humble form of 借りる (to borrow) is お借りする. The pattern お借りしてもよろしいでしょうか means 'May I borrow ~?' — using humble language (謙譲語) for the speaker's own action, which is appropriate when speaking to a superior. Option 2 'しても' completes this correctly.

• 1されても uses 尊敬語 (sonkeigo) form お借りされる, which is for the teacher's action, not the speaker's. The speaker is the one borrowing, so humble form is required.
• 3なさっても uses 尊敬語 お借りなさる, again treating the borrowing as the teacher's action. This is inappropriate for the speaker's own action.
• 4くださっても uses お借りくださる, meaning 'the teacher borrows for me,' which reverses the roles. The speaker wants to borrow, not have the teacher borrow.

• お借りする（おかりする） — humble form of 借りる (to borrow); to borrow (humble language used when speaking to a superior)
• よろしいでしょうか — would it be alright? (polite way to ask permission)

The grammar pattern 〜にしては means 'for someone who ~ / considering that ~,' and it expresses that the result is contrary to or different from what would normally be expected. Here, 'For someone making a cake for the first time...' implies the result was surprisingly good. Option 3 '上手にできましたね' (it turned out well, didn't it) fits perfectly — it's unexpected for a first attempt, which is exactly what にしては highlights.

• 1上手なわけですね means 'so that's why you're good at it.' This explains a reason, which contradicts the nuance of にしては (which implies the result is unexpected, not explained).
• 2上手じゃないわけですね means 'so that's why you're not good at it.' Being bad at something on your first try is the expected outcome, so にしては would be unnecessary and contradictory.
• 4上手じゃありませんね means 'you're not good at it, are you.' Similar to option 2, this is the expected result for a first-timer, so にしては (which highlights something unexpected) doesn't fit.

• 〜にしては — for someone who ~; considering that ~ (expresses that the result is different from what would normally be expected)
• 始はじめて — for the first time

The sentence means 'It's already past 9, but until I finish this work, ___.' The が (but) connects the two clauses, indicating that despite the late hour, the speaker cannot leave. 〜わけにはいかない means 'cannot ~ (due to social/moral/professional obligation).' Option 1 '帰るわけにはいかない' = 'I cannot go home' fits perfectly — the person feels obligated to stay and finish the work despite the late hour.

• 2帰らざるをえない means 'I have no choice but to go home.' This contradicts the context — the person wants to stay and finish the work, not go home.
• 3帰るよりほかはない means 'there is nothing to do but go home.' Like option 2, this says the person must go home, which contradicts the meaning of finishing the work first.
• 4帰らないことはない means 'it's not that I won't go home.' This is a weak double-negative that doesn't convey the strong sense of obligation needed here, and it doesn't connect logically with この仕事を終えるまでは (until I finish this work).

• 〜わけにはいかない — cannot ~; must not ~ (due to social, moral, or professional obligation, not personal preference)
• 終おえる — to finish; to complete

The correct answer is 4 (ように). The pattern is V-辞書形 + ように, meaning 'so that ~' or 'in such a way that ~.' 子供にもわかるように = 'so that even children can understand.' The sentence: 'So that even children can understand, I am explaining in easy words.' This is a purpose clause modifying the main action.

• 1ためで is not a standard conjunction form. ため would need に (ために) to express purpose, not で.
• 2ために means 'for the purpose of ~' and is used with nouns or V-辞書形. While 子供にもわかるために is grammatically possible, it does not connect smoothly with the explanation action in the same natural way as ように. ように is the standard pattern for 'so that (someone) can understand.'
• 3ようで would mean 'appearing to be ~ / being the case that ~,' which does not express purpose. 子供にもわかるようで would mean 'it seems that even children can understand,' which does not fit.

• 〜ように — so that ~, in such a way that ~ (expresses purpose or desired result)
• 〜ために — for the purpose of ~, in order to ~

The correct answer is 2. もらって. The pattern V-て + までは means 'until I do X (and not before).' The full sentence means: 'Until I get you to sign this document, I won't move from here.' The て-form connects the action of receiving the signature to the までは clause, expressing that the speaker will not move until that condition is met.

• 1もらう is the dictionary form. Before までは, you need the て-form to connect the two clauses grammatically. The plain form cannot link to までは in this way.
• 3もらった is the past tense (た-form). While V-た + まで can sometimes appear, the pattern here requires V-て + までは to express 'until I have done X.' The past form does not fit this conditional/temporal structure.
• 4もらおう is the volitional form ('let's receive'). This expresses intention/suggestion and cannot connect to までは to mean 'until.'

• 〜てまでは — until one does X (emphatic); not doing something until a condition is met
• サイン — signature
• 動うごく — to move

The correct answer is 1. しましょう. The pattern お + V-stem + する is humble language (謙譲語). お見せしましょうか means 'Shall I show you?' The speaker is humbly offering to show the rare book they acquired. This fits the conversational context where the speaker offers and the listener responds 'ぜひお願いします' (please do).

• 2にしましょう would make お見せにしましょうか, which is ungrammatical. にする means 'to decide on,' but it cannot attach to お見せ in this humble-form pattern.
• 3なりましょう would make お見せなりましょうか, which is not a valid construction. なる ('to become') does not combine with お見せ in this way.
• 4になりましょう would make お見せになりましょうか. This is the respectful form (尊敬語) お + V-stem + になる, used when describing someone else's action respectfully. Since the speaker is the one showing the book, the humble form (しましょう) is appropriate, not the respectful form.

• お〜する — humble form (謙譲語): used when the speaker performs an action involving the listener
• 手に入れる（てにいれる） — to obtain, to get one's hands on
• 珍めずらしい — rare, unusual

The correct answer is 3. かかり. お目にかかる is the standard humble form (謙譲語) of 会う ('to meet'). お目にかかりたい means 'I would like to meet you (humbly).' The writer is expressing a humble desire to meet the recipient, which fits the polite letter/email context (ごぶさたしておりました, 失礼しております).

• 1なり would make お目になりたい, which is the respectful form (尊敬語) of 会う. This would be used when describing the listener's or a third party's action of meeting someone, not when the speaker humbly wants to meet the listener. Using 尊敬語 for one's own action is grammatically inappropriate.
• 2入り would make お目に入りたい. お目に入る exists but means 'to come to someone's attention' (e.g., お目に入りました = 'I saw it / it came to my attention'), not 'to meet someone.' It does not fit the context of wanting to meet face-to-face.
• 4あずかり would make お目にあずかりたい, which is not a standard expression. あずかる appears in humble compounds like お言葉にあずかる ('to take you up on your words') or ごちそうにあずかる ('to be treated to a meal'), but not with お目に for 'meeting.'

• お目にかかる（おめにかかる） — humble form of 会う; to meet (someone of higher status)
• ごぶさた（ご無沙汰） — not having contacted someone for a long time; long silence
• 失礼しつれい — rudeness; to be remiss in contacting someone

The correct answer is 3. よく知っている. The pattern 〜だけあって means 'as one would expect from ~' or 'worthy of ~,' indicating that a result is natural or expected given someone's experience or background. The sentence means: 'As expected of someone who used to live in Australia, he knows this country well.' The fact that he knows a lot is the natural consequence of having lived there, so よく知っている ('knows well') fits perfectly.

• 1よく知りたい means 'wants to know well.' The だけあって pattern expresses an established result that matches expectations, not a desire. If he lived there, he already knows—it is not something he wants to do.
• 2もっと知るべきだ means 'should know more.' This implies he does not know enough, which contradicts だけあって (which implies he already knows a lot as expected).
• 4しらなければならない means 'must know.' This expresses obligation, not a natural result of experience. だけあって calls for a statement of fact, not a recommendation or obligation.

• 〜だけあって — as expected of; worthy of; because of ~ (the result is natural/appropriate)
• さすが — as one would expect; just as expected