N2 Grammar · Test 46

The sentence means: 'The success of this event is nothing other than the result of the support of those around us and the efforts of all the members.' 〜にほかならない means 'is nothing but～; is precisely～,' used to strongly affirm that something is exactly one particular thing. 結果にほかならない = 'is nothing other than the result of,' which fits the tone of attributing success to specific causes.

• 1〜になくてはならない means 'must be～; is indispensable for～.' This pattern expresses necessity/indispensability and doesn't fit the structure 結果___ here.
• 3〜にあたらない means 'not worth～ing; there is no need to～' (e.g., 驚くにはあたらない). It is used to say something is not surprising or not worth doing, which doesn't fit the context of affirming a cause.
• 4〜にすぎない means 'is merely～; is nothing more than～,' which belittles or downplays something. Using it here would diminish the significance of the members' efforts, contradicting the celebratory tone of the sentence.

• 〜にほかならない — is nothing but～; is precisely～ (strong affirmation)
• 〜にすぎない — is merely～; is nothing more than～ (downplaying)
• 〜にあたらない — not worth～ing; no need to～

The sentence means: 'I never thought I would get married this early.' The pattern 〜とは思ってもみなかった means 'I never expected that～; I never thought that～,' where とは marks the surprising content. This fits perfectly with 自分がこんなに早く結婚するとは (that I would marry this early).

• 2思ってはいられない means 'cannot afford to keep thinking about～; can't just sit and think.' It doesn't pair with 〜とは and doesn't express surprise about one's own marriage.
• 3思ってばかりいる means 'is always thinking about～; does nothing but think.' It doesn't pair with 〜とは and describes a habitual state, not surprise.
• 4思ってよかった means 'I'm glad I thought～.' While it could loosely follow the sentence, it doesn't pair naturally with the 〜とは structure, which requires a verb expressing expectation/surprise (like 思ってもみなかった). The trailing '。' in this option is also irregular.

• 〜とは思ってもみなかった（〜とはおもってもみなかった） — never thought that～; never expected that～ (expresses surprise)
• 〜とは — that～ (marks surprising/unexpected content, often paired with negative expectation verbs)

The sentence means: 'If you want to get better, you should continue practicing every day, even if it's only for a short time.' 〜ことだ means 'you should～; it is advisable to～,' giving advice or a recommendation. 練習を続けることだ = 'you should continue practicing,' which fits the advisory tone of 上手になりたければ (if you want to get better).

• 1〜ものか is an emphatic rhetorical question meaning 'No way!; Absolutely not!' (e.g., できるものか = 'No way I can do it!'). 練習を続けるものか would mean 'No way I'll keep practicing!'—the opposite of the intended advice.
• 2〜ものがある means 'there is something (notable/impressive) about～' (e.g., 彼の作品にはすばらしいものがある). 練習を続けるものがある doesn't form a natural sentence here.
• 4〜ことになっている means 'it has been decided/arranged that～; it is the rule that～.' This describes an established rule or plan, not personal advice, so it doesn't fit the context of giving a recommendation.

• 〜ことだ — you should～; it is advisable to～ (gives advice/recommendation)
• 〜ものか — No way!; Absolutely not! (emphatic denial/rhetorical question)
• 〜ものがある — there is something notable/impressive about～
• 〜ことになっている — it has been decided that～; it is the rule that～

The sentence means: 'This is Professor Yamamoto's wife.' The pattern 〜でいらっしゃいます is the honorific/respectful form of です, used when referring respectfully to someone else's status or identity. Since the speaker is introducing someone else's wife (a respected person), the honorific いらっしゃいます is appropriate.

• 1います is the plain (普通体) form of いる, meaning 'is (animate).' It is too casual for respectfully introducing someone's wife, and でいます is not a standard polite copula form.
• 2おります is the humble (謙譲語) form of いる. Humble language is used to lower oneself, not to show respect to the person being introduced. Using a humble form to describe someone else's wife is inappropriate register.
• 3いられます is the potential or passive form of いる, meaning 'can be' or 'can stay.' でいられます is not a standard honorific copula and doesn't fit the context of a simple introduction.

• いらっしゃいます — honorific form of いる/行く/来る; also used as 〜でいらっしゃいます = honorific form of です (respectful copula)
• おります — humble form of いる (謙譲語)
• でいらっしゃいます（〜でいらっしゃいます） — respectful/honorific form of です (used to refer respectfully to someone's identity/status)

The pattern ねばならない (must do, have to) attaches to the あ-form (未然形) of a verb. For the godan verb 行く (いく, to go), the あ-form is 行か. Therefore 行かねばならない is the correct form, meaning 'I must go.'

• 2行き is the ます-stem (連用形) of 行く. It cannot attach to ねばならない. It would be used in patterns like 行きそうだ or 行きやすい.
• 3行く is the dictionary form (終止形). It cannot directly attach to ねばならない.
• 4行け is the ば-form (仮定形) of 行く. While 行けば is a valid conditional, 行けねばならない is not a standard form. The correct attachment for ねば is the あ-form (行か), not the え-form (行け).

• ねばならない — must do; have to do (attached to the あ-form/未然形 of a verb)
• 行いく — to go

The correct answer is 3. しかねる. The verb suffix ～かねる means 'unable to do ~ / find it difficult to do ~' (expressing that one cannot do something, often for psychological or circumstantial reasons). どうも納得しかねる means 'I somehow can't accept/agree with it.' The どうも adds a sense of 'somehow / for some reason I can't quite...' This fits perfectly: the person received an explanation but cannot bring themselves to accept it.

• 1しかねない means 'might do ~ / is liable to do ~' (a completely different pattern meaning something bad might happen). This would mean 'I might accept it,' which contradicts the negative nuance set up by どうも.
• 2しきれる means 'able to completely do ~' (potential form of ～きる). This would mean 'I can fully accept it,' which is the opposite of the intended meaning.
• 4したがる means 'wants to do ~' (third-person desire). It is used for describing someone else's desire, not one's own, and does not fit the context of being unable to accept something.

• 労働条件ろうどうじょうけん — working conditions
• 変更へんこう — change / modification
• 納得なっとく — acceptance / agreement / being convinced
• どうも — somehow / for some reason (softens the statement)
• ～かねる — unable to do ~ / find it difficult to do ~ (attached to verb stem)

The correct answer is 4. 行くことになっている. The grammar pattern ～ことになっている means 'it has been arranged/decided that ~ / it is supposed to be the case that ~.' The sentence means: 'According to the arrangement/promise with Yamada-san, we are supposed to go to Tokyo Station by 3:00.' This expresses a pre-arranged plan or agreement, which fits 約束では ('according to the promise/agreement').

• 1行くにきまってきる is grammatically incorrect. The pattern ～にきまっている means 'is sure to ~ / definitely will ~,' but にきまってきる is not valid. Even if corrected to にきまっている, it would mean 'is bound to go,' which doesn't fit 約束では ('according to the arrangement').
• 2行こうではないか means 'shall we not go / let's go' (a hortatory/suggestive expression). This is a proposal, not a statement about an existing arrangement, so it doesn't fit 約束では.
• 3行こうとしている means 'is about to go / is trying to go.' This describes current intention or action, not a pre-arranged plan, so it doesn't match 約束では ('according to the agreement').

• 約束やくそく — promise / arrangement
• ～ことになっている — it has been arranged/decided that ~ / it is supposed to be the case that ~

The sentence means 'No matter how strong you are, being made to work this much, there's no way you can stay fine.' わけがない (option 3) means 'there is no way / it is impossible that…' and fits perfectly: 平気でいられるわけがない = 'there's no way one can stay fine.'

• 1わけがある means 'there is a reason (for something).' It would imply that being fine has a reason, which contradicts the sentence's meaning that it's impossible to stay fine.
• 2わけである means 'it means that… / it is the case that…' (explanatory). It would assert that one CAN stay fine, contradicting いくら丈夫でも (no matter how strong).
• 4わけのない is not a standard grammatical form. The fixed expression is わけがない (with が, not の).

• わけがない — there is no way; it is impossible that…
• 丈夫じょうぶ — healthy; sturdy
• 平気へいき — unworried; fine; okay

The sentence presents a choice between two alternatives: 会社員になるか（　）学校の先生になるかだ — 'whether to become a company employee or a school teacher.' それとも (option 3) is a conjunction meaning 'or,' used to connect two alternative choices, especially in questions or deliberation. It fits perfectly here.

• 1それほど means 'that much / to that extent.' It is an adverb of degree and cannot connect two alternatives.
• 2それでも means 'even so / nevertheless.' It expresses concession, not a choice between alternatives.
• 4それでは means 'well then / in that case.' It is used to shift topics or conclude, not to present alternatives.

• それとも — or (connecting two alternatives, esp. in questions)
• 職業しょくぎょう — occupation; profession
• 迷まよう — to hesitate; to be undecided

The sentence says 'But at the time of graduation, the one who was saddest about parting with the teacher was him.' 際して (option 2) means 'on the occasion of / at the time of,' and 卒業に際して = 'on the occasion of graduation' is a natural, common collocation.

• 1関して（かんして）means 'regarding / concerning.' 卒業に関して would mean 'concerning graduation,' which is grammatically possible but does not fit the narrative context of an event happening at the moment of graduation.
• 3対して（たいして）means 'toward / against / in contrast to.' 卒業に対して is unnatural here; graduation is not something you direct an attitude toward in this context.
• 4面して（めんして）means 'facing.' 卒業に面して is not a standard expression and does not fit.

• 際さいして — on the occasion of; at the time of
• 卒業そつぎょう — graduation
• あくび — yawn