N4 Grammar · Test 19

Option 3 '新しいしごとを始めたので' (because I started a new job) is correct. Satou says '最近（ア）、今日はごあいさつに来たんですよ' (Recently [ア], today I came to greet you). Starting a new job is the natural reason for a greeting visit, and it directly explains why Tanaka then asks 'どんなおしごとですか' (what kind of work?). The flow is: Satou started a new job → came to greet → Tanaka asks about the work → Satou explains it's trading work.

• 1わたしは元気でしたので (because I was well) — Tanaka already asked about Satou's health and Satou already answered 'はい。ありがとうございます.' Repeating this as the reason for the visit is redundant and does not lead to the work question.
• 2一度あそびにきたので (because I came to play once) — This contradicts the context; Satou came for a greeting (ごあいさつ), not to play, and it doesn't explain the follow-up question about work.
• 4お昼をいっしょに食べるので (because we'll eat lunch together) — Lunch is proposed much later in the conversation (at エ), so it cannot be the reason for today's visit.

• ごあいさつ（ご挨拶） — greeting, formal call to pay respects
• ぼうえき — trade, international trade
• じむしょ — office

するはずがない means 'there is no way (he) would do.' The sentence reads: 'There's no way kind Yamashita-san would do such a terrible thing.' The adjective やさしい (kind) sets up an expectation that contrasts with ひどいこと (terrible thing), making はずがない (strong negation based on reasoning) the perfect fit.

• 1するためだ means 'in order to do' (ため = purpose). This would make the sentence 'Kind Yamashita-san... in order to do such a terrible thing,' which is grammatically incomplete and nonsensical here.
• 2しないままだ is not a natural/grammatical construction in this context. まま means 'as-is/state remains,' but しないままだ does not form a proper predicate for this sentence.
• 3しないところだ means 'is about to not do' (ところ = on the verge of). This does not fit the meaning — the speaker is expressing disbelief, not describing an imminent action.

• やさしい — kind, gentle
• ひどい — terrible, awful
• はずがない — there is no way, impossible (strong negation based on reasoning)

ごらんになりました is the respectful (sonkeigo) form of 見る (to see/look). The sentence '中川さんがかいたえをごらんになりましたか' means 'Did you see the painting Nakagawa-san drew?' — politely asking a superior whether they have seen it. ごらんになる is the standard sonkeigo form for 見る taught at this level.

• 1おみえしました is not a standard form. It appears to be a confused mix of おみせしました (humble 'I showed') and みえました (respectful 'saw'), but as written it is ungrammatical.
• 2ごらんいたしました is the humble (kenjougo) form 'I humbly looked at.' Since the sentence ends with か (a question directed at someone else), a humble form about one's own action does not fit — you would not ask someone 'Did I humbly see...?'
• 3おみになりました is a respectful form of 見る (お+み+になる), which is grammatically valid. However, ごらんになる (option 4) is the more standard and commonly tested sonkeigo form for 見る at this level, making 4 the better answer.

• ごらんになる — respectful form of 見る (to see/look)
• おみになる — respectful form of 見る (less common than ごらんになる)
• ごらんいたす — humble form of 見る (I humbly look at)

いないらしく means 'it seems nobody is (there).' The full sentence reads: 'It seems nobody is in this house; it's quiet whenever I go.' らしい expresses conjecture based on evidence (the quietness), and since だれも...ない means 'nobody,' いないらしく fits perfectly — the speaker infers from the quietness that no one is home.

• 1いるのに means 'even though someone is there.' This contradicts the second clause (いつ行ってもしずかだ = it's always quiet), which implies the house is empty.
• 2いるそうで means 'I hear someone is there.' This also contradicts the quietness described, and そうだ (hearsay) would report someone else's statement, which doesn't fit the context of the speaker's own observation.
• 4いないそうに is grammatically incorrect. そうに is used with verb stems to mean 'appearing to be about to ~' (e.g., 降りそうに), but with the negative ない it does not form a proper conjecture expression. The correct conjecture pattern is ない+らしく.

• だれも〜ない — nobody (with negative)
• らしい — seems like, appears to be (conjecture based on evidence)
• しずか — quiet

あしたじゃなければ means 'if it's not tomorrow.' The sentence reads: 'Tomorrow I'm busy so it won't work, but if it's not tomorrow, any time is fine.' 〜なければ (conditional 'if not') connects logically: since tomorrow is bad, any day other than tomorrow works.

• 2あしたじゃないと is also a conditional ('if it's not tomorrow'), but it is more colloquial/casual. At this level, 〜なければ is the standard conditional form tested, and じゃないと is less formal. While it conveys similar meaning, じゃなければ (option 1) is the more appropriate and standard choice.
• 3あしたなら means 'if it's tomorrow,' which directly contradicts the first clause (tomorrow is no good). The sentence needs 'if NOT tomorrow,' not 'if tomorrow.'
• 4あしただったら means 'if it's tomorrow,' which also contradicts the context. The speaker is saying tomorrow doesn't work, so the condition must exclude tomorrow.

• いそがしい — busy
• 〜なければ — if not (conditional negative)
• いつでも — anytime

見ることができます means 'can see.' The sentence reads: 'On days with good weather, you can see the distant mountains from here.' 見る is a volitional/action verb, so 見ることができる (potential) is the correct way to express ability to see something.

• 2見えることができます is incorrect because 見える is already a potential/spontaneous verb meaning 'can be seen/is visible.' Adding ことができる to an already-potential form is redundant and ungrammatical.
• 3見ることがあります means 'there are times when I see,' which uses 〜ことがある (experience/occurrence pattern). This changes the meaning to 'sometimes I see,' which does not fit the context of describing what is possible on good-weather days.
• 4見えることがあります means 'there are times when (the mountains) are visible.' While 見える itself is fine, 〜ことがあります shifts the meaning to 'sometimes,' implying it only happens occasionally. The sentence describes a consistent possibility on good-weather days, not an occasional occurrence.

• 見みることができる — can see (potential form using ことができる)
• 見みえる — can be seen, is visible (spontaneous/potential verb)
• とおく — far away, distant