N4 Grammar · Test 20

Option 1 (お高う) is correct. This tests the polite (丁寧) form of i-adjectives before ございます. The rule is: drop the final い of the adjective and add うございます. 高い → 高 + うございます = 高うございます. With the polite prefix お, it becomes お高うございます, meaning 'is (a little) expensive' in very polite speech (often used by shop staff).

• 2お高いございます is incorrect. You cannot simply insert ございます after the plain adjective form 高い. The correct contraction is 高うございます (drop い, add う).
• 3高いにございます is ungrammatical. The particle に cannot connect an adjective to ございます in this way.
• 4高いでございます is ungrammatical in standard keigo. The correct polite form uses the う-contraction (高うございます), not で.

• お高うございます（おたこうございます） — it is expensive (very polite form of 高いです, used in formal/customer-service speech)
• ワイシャツ — dress shirt
• 少すこし — a little

Option 1 (お待ちいたします) is correct. This tests 謙譲語 (humble language). The speaker (わたし) is performing the action of waiting for Yamada-sensei, so a humble form is needed. The humble pattern is お + verb stem (待ち) + する/いたします. お待ちいたします = 'I will humbly wait (for you/sensei).' This correctly shows respect to the person being waited for.

• 2お待ちいただきます uses いただく (receive), making it 'I have Yamada-sensei wait for me' — the causative-receptive direction is reversed. The speaker should be the one waiting, not having sensei wait.
• 3お待たせになります is 尊敬語 (honorific) of 待たせる (to make someone wait). It would mean 'Yamada-sensei will make someone wait,' which is both the wrong action and the wrong direction — the speaker is the one waiting, not sensei.
• 4お待たせいただきます combines causative (待たせる) with humble-receptive (いただく), meaning 'I humbly have someone make me wait' — a convoluted and incorrect form that does not express 'I will wait for sensei.'

• お待ちいたします（おまちいたします） — I will humbly wait (謙譲語: お + verb stem + いたします)
• 待まつ — to wait
• 〜まで — until

食べずに is the correct answer. The pattern V-ずに means 'without doing V' and connects two actions, indicating the first was not done when the second was performed. 食べずに学校へ行きました means 'went to school without eating breakfast.' This is the standard negative-gerund construction at this level.

• 1食べずで is ungrammatical. The negative particle ず does not take で; the correct particle is に (ずに).
• 3食べなくて is the て-form of the negative and expresses reason or sequential continuation (e.g., 'didn't eat, so…'), not 'without eating.' It cannot directly connect to another action in the 'without doing' sense.
• 4食べなしで is ungrammatical. なし is a noun-like form meaning 'without' but attaches to nouns (e.g., 靴なしで), not to the stem of a verb.

• 食たべずに — without eating (V-ずに: without doing V)
• ご飯（ごはん） — meal, rice

入っちゃ is the correct answer. 入っちゃ is the colloquial contraction of 入っては, and 入っちゃだめだよ means 'you mustn't go in.' The pattern V-てはだめだ (and its contracted form V-ちゃだめだ) expresses prohibition: 'must not do V.' Since the blank is immediately followed by だめだよ, the contracted form 入っちゃ fits perfectly: 入っちゃだめだよ.

• 1入って alone before だめだよ would require the particle は (入ってはだめだよ). Without は, 入ってだめだよ is grammatically incomplete.
• 2入っただめだよ is ungrammatical; the past tense 入った cannot connect to だめだ in this prohibition pattern.
• 3入るはだめだよ is ungrammatical; the dictionary form 入る does not pair with はだめだ in this construction.

• 入はいっちゃ — contraction of 入っては (must not enter, in the pattern ～ちゃだめだ)
• そうじ — cleaning
• だめだ — no good / must not

いけませんね is the correct response. When someone tells you they are sick (fever, headache), a natural sympathetic reply is 'それはいけませんね' meaning 'That's too bad / That's awful.' いけません is the negative potential form of いける (to be acceptable / to be okay), and here it expresses concern: 'that's not good.'

• 1おげんきで means 'please stay healthy' and is used as a farewell wish when someone is leaving or in letters. It is completely inappropriate when someone has just told you they are sick.
• 3かしこまりました means 'certainly / I understand' and is a polite formula used by shop staff or subordinates accepting an order or request. It does not fit a conversation about illness.
• 4しつれいします means 'excuse me' and is used when entering/leaving a room or ending a phone call. It is not a sympathetic reply to someone reporting illness.

• いけません — that's no good; that's bad (expression of concern)
• おげんきで — please take care of yourself (farewell greeting)
• かしこまりました — certainly; I understand (polite acceptance)
• しつれいします — excuse me (polite leave-taking)

The correct answer is 1 (お高う). The sentence means 'These dress shirts are a little more expensive.' This tests the polite (keigo) form of i-adjectives before ございます. The classical conjugation rule: drop い from the adjective and add う → 高い → 高う. With the polite prefix お, it becomes お高うございます. This is the humble/polite shopkeeper speech pattern.

• 2お高いございます is incorrect. You cannot simply insert い before ございます. The correct classical form is お高うございます (drop い, add う).
• 3高いにございます is grammatically impossible. に cannot connect an adjective to ございます in this way.
• 4高いでございます is grammatically impossible. で is the copula for na-adjectives/nouns, not for i-adjectives.

• ワイシャツ — dress shirt
• お高うございます（おたかうございます） — is expensive (polite form of 高い)
• 〜うございます — polite adjective conjugation (classical form: drop い, add う)

The correct answer is 1 (お待ちいたします). The sentence means 'I will wait for Professor Yamada here until 6 o'clock.' The subject is わたし (I) and the object is 山田先生 (a respected person). Since the speaker is performing the action of waiting for a superior, humble language (謙譲語) is required. お待ちいたします = お + verb stem (待ち) + いたします (humble form of する), meaning 'I humbly wait.'

• 2お待ちいただきます means 'I have (someone) wait for me' (causative-receiving structure). This reverses the roles — it would mean the speaker receives the favor of someone waiting, which doesn't fit 'I will wait for Professor Yamada.'
• 3お待たせになります is honorific (尊敬語) of 待たせる (to make someone wait). But the subject is わたし, so using honorific form for one's own action is inappropriate. Also, it means 'to make (someone) wait,' not 'to wait for (someone).'
• 4お待たせいただきます is not a grammatically valid form. It mixes causative お待たせ with humble いただきます in a way that doesn't produce a meaningful expression.

• お待ちいたします（おまちいたします） — I humbly wait (謙譲語 of 待つ)
• 山田先生やまだせんせい — Professor/Teacher Yamada
• 謙譲語けんじょうご — humble language (used when the speaker acts toward a superior)

The correct answer is 2 (食べずに). The sentence means 'My younger brother went to school this morning without eating breakfast.' ずに is a fixed pattern meaning 'without doing (action).' It attaches to the negative stem: 食べる → 食べずに = 'without eating.' This expresses doing something without performing another action.

• 1食べずで is not a correct grammatical form. The pattern for 'without doing' is ずに (with に), not ずで.
• 3食べなくて is the て-form of the negative (食べない → 食べなくて). It is used to connect clauses expressing reason or sequential actions (e.g., 'didn't eat, so…'), not 'without eating.' It does not convey the 'without doing' meaning needed here.
• 4食べなしで is not a valid form. なし means 'without' but is used with nouns (e.g., 砂糖なしで 'without sugar'), not with verb stems.

• 食たべずに — without eating (ずに = without doing [action])
• ご飯（ごはん） — rice, meal
• 〜ずに — without doing [action] (attaches to verb negative stem)

Option 4 (入っちゃ) is correct. 入っちゃ is a colloquial contraction of 入っては (the て-form of 入る plus the particle は). The pattern 〜てはだめだ means 'you must not ~'. So 教室へ入っちゃだめだよ means 'You must not enter the classroom (because cleaning isn't finished yet).' The contraction 〜ちゃ = 〜ては is very common in spoken Japanese.

• 1入って is the て-form of 入る, but by itself it cannot directly connect to だめだよ. You need は between the て-form and だめ (i.e., 入ってはだめ). Without は, 入ってだめだよ is ungrammatical.
• 2入った is the past tense of 入る. 入っただめだよ is grammatically nonsensical — the past tense cannot connect to だめだよ in this pattern.
• 3入るは combines the dictionary form with は, but the pattern requires the て-form (入って) + は, not the dictionary form. 入るはだめだよ is ungrammatical.

• 入はいる — to enter
• 〜ちゃ — colloquial contraction of 〜ては (used in 〜ちゃだめ / 〜ちゃいけない to mean 'must not')
• そうじ — cleaning
• だめ — no good; must not

Option 1 (重さ) is correct. 重さ is the noun form of the i-adjective 重い, meaning 'weight' (the degree/state of being heavy). The pattern 〜に驚いた means 'was surprised at ~', and に requires a noun before it. So そのかばんの重さにおどろいた means 'I was surprised at the weight of that bag.'

• 2重い is an i-adjective. It cannot directly precede the particle に in this construction. You would need to nominalize it first (→ 重さ).
• 3重く is the adverbial (く-form) of 重い. It modifies verbs (e.g., 重く感じる) but cannot precede に to mean 'at the weight.'
• 4重かった is the past tense of 重い. Like the plain adjective form, it cannot directly connect to に in this pattern.

• 重おもさ — weight (noun form of 重い)
• 重おもい — heavy
• 驚おどろく — to be surprised
• かばん — bag