N4 Grammar · Test 24

に marks the time period over which a frequency is counted. 一週間に2かいぐらいテニスをします means 'I play tennis about twice a week.' The pattern (time-span)に (frequency) expresses how often something happens within that span.

• 1が is the subject marker and cannot express frequency over a time period.
• 2も means 'also/even' and would give 一週間も2かいぐらい ('even in one week, about twice'), which is unnatural here.
• 3と means 'and/with' and does not fit a frequency expression.

• 一週間いっしゅうかん — one week
• 2かい（にかい） — twice (two times)

が marks the questioned item in a comparison. りんごとバナナとではどちらが好きですか means 'Between apples and bananas, which do you prefer?' In questions with どちら/どれ/だれ, が is the standard particle to mark the subject being asked about.

• 1で here is already used in とでは (setting up the comparison frame); another で after どちら is ungrammatical.
• 3は would topicalize どちら, which is not the standard pattern for this comparison question; が is required.
• 4と means 'and/with' and does not mark the subject of a preference question.

• どちら — which (of two)
• すき — liked/favorite (好き)

聞こえる is an intransitive verb ('can be heard / is audible'), so the thing perceived takes が. テレビの音が聞こえます means 'The sound of the TV can be heard.'

• 1を marks a direct object of a transitive verb, but 聞こえる is intransitive and does not take を.
• 2に does not mark the perceived sound with 聞こえる.
• 4で could indicate means/location, but the sound itself is the subject of 聞こえる and must take が.

• 音おと — sound
• 聞きこえる — can be heard, is audible

つれて行く ('to take someone along') is a transitive verb phrase; the person being taken is the direct object marked by を. わたしをえいがにつれて行ってくれました means 'My older brother took me to the movies (for my benefit).'

• 1と would mean 'with me,' but つれて行く requires を for the person taken; とつれて行く is not grammatical in this structure.
• 2に does not mark the person being taken by つれて行く.
• 3が would mark a subject, but わたし is the object of つれて行く, not the subject.

• 兄あに — older brother (one's own)
• つれて行く（つれていく） — to take (someone) along
• くれました — did (for me/my side)

か turns an interrogative clause into an embedded noun clause. だれが書いたかわかりますか means 'Do you know who wrote this handwriting?' The pattern (question-word + か) embeds the question inside わかる.

• 2を cannot connect a question clause to わかる.
• 3が after 書いた would create だれが書いたがわかりますか, which is not the correct embedded-question pattern; か is required.
• 4と does not embed a question clause; it would mean 'and,' which is ungrammatical here.

• 字じ — handwriting, characters
• 書かいた — wrote (past tense of 書く)
• わかる — to understand, to know

The sentence means 'Anyone can use the sports field in City A, but a reservation is necessary.' だれでも is a fixed expression meaning 'anyone' (だれ 'who' + でも 'even'). It functions as the subject/topic here: だれでも使えます = 'anyone can use (it).'

• 2だれを would mark 'who' as a direct object, but 使える is a potential verb that does not take を in this way. Also, a question word like だれ would need a question context.
• 3だれに marks an indirect object or target ('to whom'). It does not fit the verb 使える here.
• 4だれが means 'who (subject)?' and would form a question ('Who can use it?'), which does not fit this declarative sentence stating that anyone can use it.

• だれでも — anyone (だれ 'who' + でも 'even')
• 運動場うんどうじょう — sports field, athletic ground
• 予約よやく — reservation, booking
• ひつよう — necessary, needed

The correct answer is 3 (どうやって). Lee's reply is 「メールを書くことが多いです」(I often write emails), which answers the question 'How do you contact your family?' どうやって means 'how / by what means' and is used to ask about the method or means of doing something. The question asks by what means Lee contacts family back home, and the answer describes the method (email).

• 1どのぐらい means 'how much / how long' and asks about amount or duration. The answer would need to be a time/frequency amount (e.g., 'every day' or 'about 30 minutes'), not a method like email.
• 2どの means 'which' and is used to select from specific options (e.g., どのバス 'which bus'). It cannot ask about a method of contacting someone.
• 4どういう means 'what kind of' and asks about the nature or type of something. The answer 'I write emails' describes a method, not a type/category, so this doesn't fit.

• どうやって — how, by what means (asks about method)
• どのぐらい — how much, how long (amount/duration)
• れんらくする — to contact, to get in touch
• かぞく — family

The correct answer is 4 (もうすぐ). The sentence says 'My daughter graduated from high school last month. (　) it's the university entrance ceremony.' Since graduation was last month and the entrance ceremony follows shortly, もうすぐ ('soon / in a short time') fits naturally: もうすぐ大学の入学式です = 'Soon it's the university entrance ceremony.'

• 1だんだん means 'gradually' and describes a progressive change over time. An entrance ceremony is a single event, not something that happens gradually, so this doesn't fit.
• 2あまり is used with negative verbs to mean 'not much / not very' (あまり～ない). There is no negative verb here, and it doesn't express 'soon.'
• 3だいたい means 'mostly / approximately.' You cannot say だいたい大学の入学式です to mean 'it's soon the entrance ceremony' — it would mean 'it's mostly the entrance ceremony,' which makes no sense.

• もうすぐ — soon, in a short time
• だんだん — gradually, little by little
• 入学式にゅうがくしき — entrance ceremony (for school/university)
• 卒業そつぎょうする — to graduate

The correct answer is 2 (なかなか). The pattern なかなか～ない means 'not easily / take a long time to (not) happen.' The sentence says the bus to the station なかなか来なかった (didn't come for a long time / didn't come easily), so the speaker took a taxi instead. This fits perfectly: the bus didn't show up for a long time, forcing the taxi ride.

• 1やっと means 'finally / at last' and is used with a positive verb (やっと来た 'finally came'). With a negative verb (来なかった), it doesn't work — you can't say 'finally didn't come.'
• 3きっと means 'surely / definitely' and expresses strong certainty. きっと来なかった would mean 'it definitely didn't come,' which is grammatically possible but doesn't explain why a taxi was needed as a result of waiting.
• 4いつか means 'someday / at some point' and refers to an unspecified future or past time. It doesn't pair with 来なかった to express 'didn't come for a long time.'

• なかなか — (with negative) not easily, takes a long time to not happen
• やっと — finally, at last (positive verb)
• きっと — surely, definitely

The correct answer is 4 (なら). なら is a conditional meaning 'if it's～, then～' and attaches to nouns. あさってならだいじょうぶだよ means 'If it's the day after tomorrow, then it's fine.' Yamashita proposed either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow; Minami says tomorrow is bad but the day after tomorrow works. なら picks out that specific day as the condition.

• 1なのに means 'even though / despite' and expresses contrast with an unexpected result. あさってなのだいじょうぶだよ would mean 'even though it's the day after tomorrow, it's fine,' which doesn't fit the context of choosing a day.
• 2だから means 'therefore / so.' あさってだからだいじょうぶだよ = 'because it's the day after tomorrow, it's fine.' This gives a reason rather than selecting a conditional option, and doesn't fit the 'how about this day?' nuance.
• 3でも means 'but / however.' あさってでもだいじょうぶだよ = 'even the day after tomorrow is fine,' which sounds like the day after tomorrow is an additional acceptable option rather than the chosen one. The context calls for 'if it's the day after tomorrow, then OK.'

• なら — if it's～, then～ (conditional attached to noun)
• 都合が悪い（つごうがわるい） — inconvenient, not a good time
• だいじょうぶ — OK, fine, no problem