N4 Grammar · Test 32

The correct answer is 1 (のに). Here のに is a conjunction meaning 'even though / although,' expressing that the result is contrary to expectation. 「たくさん勉強したのに、テストのてんが悪かったです」= 'Even though I studied a lot, my test score was bad.' This is the contrastive/ concessive use of のに.

• 2ので means 'because / since' (cause or reason). Using it here would imply studying a lot CAUSED the bad score, which is illogical.
• 3のが is the nominalizer の plus subject marker が, which does not connect two clauses as a conjunction.
• 4のを is the nominalizer の plus object marker を, which also does not function as a concessive conjunction.

• 〜のに（逆接） — even though / although (expresses contrary-to-expectation contrast)
• てん（点） — score / points (on a test)

ごぞんじです is the honorific (尊敬語) form of 知っている (to know). 「あの方をご存知ですか」= 'Do you know that person?' This is the correct polite/honorific way to ask someone if they know a person.

• 1ごぞんじます is not a valid form. 存じる is a humble verb (謙譲語), but the honorific prefix ご + 存じます is grammatically incorrect. The honorific form uses です, not ます.
• 3ごぞんじします is the humble form (謙譲語) of 知る, meaning 'I know (humbly).' You would use this to refer to your own knowledge, not to ask someone else respectfully if they know someone. Asking another person requires the honorific form.
• 4ごぞんじなさいませ is not a standard expression. なさいませ is an archaic/imperative honorific ending, which does not fit a question asking 'Do you know?' It is both unnatural and grammatically inappropriate here.

• ご存知です（ごぞんじです） — to know (honorific/尊敬語 form of 知っている)
• 方かた — person (polite; あの方 = that person)

Option 2「帰られましたか」uses the honorific (尊敬語/そんけいご) form of 帰る(かえる). The passive/honorific form 帰られる is appropriate here because the speaker is asking about さとうさん, a person who should be addressed respectfully. The sentence means 'What time did Sato-san go home?'

• 1「帰りしましたか」is grammatically incorrect. 帰り is the noun form (stem) of 帰る, and attaching しました does not produce a valid verb form.
• 3「帰りになりましたか」is not a standard honorific expression. The correct honorific form would be お帰りになりましたか (with the prefix お), not 帰りに.
• 4「帰りなられましたか」is also not a standard form. It attempts to combine 帰りに with the honorific なられる, but this is not grammatical Japanese.

• 帰かえる — to return, to go home
• 帰かえられる — honorific/passive form of 帰る

The pattern being tested is V-ば conditional + result, meaning 'If you do ~, ~ will happen.' すれば (conditional form of する) + じょうずになります = 'If you practice every day, you will become skilled.' The sentence means 'If you practice every day, you'll get better at it.'

• 1した is the past tense. した じょうずになります is ungrammatical; there is no conditional connection.
• 2しない is the negative form. しない じょうずになります is ungrammatical and also contradicts the intended meaning.
• 3しよう is the volitional form. しよう じょうずになります is ungrammatical; it cannot connect to なります.

• すれば — if (you) do
• れんしゅう — practice
• じょうずになる — to become skilled/good at

The correct answer is 2 (させた). This sentence uses the causative form. The subject is お母さん (the mother), and the pattern is (person A) は (person B) に (action) させた, meaning 'A made B do (action)'. Here, お母さんはむすこに英語を勉強させた means 'The mother made her son study English.' させた is the causative past of する.

• 1した is the plain past of する. If this were chosen, the sentence would mean 'The mother studied English to her son,' which is ungrammatical and nonsensical. The particle に before the person requires a causative (or passive) verb.
• 3できた is the potential past of する, meaning 'was able to do.' This does not fit the に pattern and would mean 'The mother was able to study English to her son,' which is wrong.
• 4なさった is the honorific past of する (used to respect the subject's action). It does not express causation and does not fit the に pattern. It would mean 'The mother (respectfully) studied English to her son,' which is ungrammatical.

• 勉強べんきょうする — to study
• させる — causative suffix: to make/let someone do

ごぞんじです is the honorific (尊敬語) form of 知っている (to know). 「あの方をご存知ですか」= 'Do you know that person?' This is the correct polite/honorific way to ask someone if they know a person.

• 1ごぞんじます is not a valid form. 存じる is a humble verb (謙譲語), but the honorific prefix ご + 存じます is grammatically incorrect. The honorific form uses です, not ます.
• 3ごぞんじします is the humble form (謙譲語) of 知る, meaning 'I know (humbly).' You would use this to refer to your own knowledge, not to ask someone else respectfully if they know someone. Asking another person requires the honorific form.
• 4ごぞんじなさいませ is not a standard expression. なさいませ is an archaic/imperative honorific ending, which does not fit a question asking 'Do you know?' It is both unnatural and grammatically inappropriate here.

• ご存知です（ごぞんじです） — to know (honorific/尊敬語 form of 知っている)
• 方かた — person (polite; あの方 = that person)

Option 2「帰られましたか」uses the honorific (尊敬語/そんけいご) form of 帰る(かえる). The passive/honorific form 帰られる is appropriate here because the speaker is asking about さとうさん, a person who should be addressed respectfully. The sentence means 'What time did Sato-san go home?'

• 1「帰りしましたか」is grammatically incorrect. 帰り is the noun form (stem) of 帰る, and attaching しました does not produce a valid verb form.
• 3「帰りになりましたか」is not a standard honorific expression. The correct honorific form would be お帰りになりましたか (with the prefix お), not 帰りに.
• 4「帰りなられましたか」is also not a standard form. It attempts to combine 帰りに with the honorific なられる, but this is not grammatical Japanese.

• 帰かえる — to return, to go home
• 帰かえられる — honorific/passive form of 帰る