N4 Grammar · Test 30

が marks the subject (the giver) with くれる/くださる. 先輩が私におみやげをくださいました = 'My senior gave me a souvenir.' The giver (先輩) is marked by が, the recipient (私) by に, and the object (おみやげ) by を.

• 2を marks the direct object (おみやげ, already marked by を), not the giver.
• 3で marks means/location, not the subject/giver of くださる.
• 4に marks the recipient (私に already fills that role); using に for the giver would create two に-marked nouns and lose the subject.

• くださる — to give (to me/us) — honorific of くれる; [giver]が[recipient]に[object]をくださる
• 先輩せんぱい — senior (older/more experienced person)
• おみやげ（お土産） — souvenir / gift

と is correct. Here と is the conditional/discovery と, meaning 'when/if you do X, Y happens.' 「ここを押すと、にんぎょうが動きます」= 'When you press here, the doll moves.' This describes an automatic or predictable result.

• 1の does not form a conditional. It would create a noun-modifying phrase (押すの) that cannot connect to the second clause in this way.
• 2で means 'by means of' or 'by.' While one could imagine 'by pressing here,' the natural pattern for 'when you press X, Y happens' is と, not で.
• 4。 is a punctuation mark, not a particle, and cannot fill the blank.

• 押おす — to press, to push
• 動うごく — to move
• にんぎょう — doll, puppet

が is correct. The pattern is 〜たことがある ('have experienced doing something'). Its negative form is 〜たことがない / 〜たことがありません ('have never done something'). 「聞いたことがありません」= 'I have never heard (it).' The particle が marks the object of the experience within this fixed pattern.

• 1を is the direct-object particle, but the pattern 〜たことがある always uses が, not を.
• 2に does not fit this pattern at all.
• 3で does not fit this pattern at all.

• 聞きいたことがある — have heard/experienced (something) before
• 音楽おんがく — music

か is correct. だれか means 'someone' (an indefinite pronoun). 「だれかまどをしめてください」= 'Someone, please close the window.' The question word だれ ('who') + か turns it into 'someone,' which is needed here because the speaker is asking an unspecified person to do the action.

• 1は is the topic marker. だれは is ungrammatical in this context and does not produce 'someone.'
• 2が marks the subject. だれが means 'who (will do it)?' — a question — which does not fit with the request form 〜てください.
• 4に is the direction/indirect-object particle. だれに means 'to whom,' which does not fit the sentence structure here.

• だれか — someone (indefinite)
• まど — window
• しめる — to close

に is correct. The pattern 〜にする means 'to decide on / choose / go with ~.' 「花にしましょう」= 'Let's go with flowers (for the present).' This is a common expression used when making a choice or decision.

• 2が is the subject marker and does not express the idea of choosing or deciding on something.
• 3を marks a direct object, but the pattern for 'let's make it / let's go with X' is Xにする, not Xをする.
• 4も means 'also/too,' which changes the meaning to 'flowers too,' which is not what the sentence intends.

• 〜にする — to decide on / choose / go with ~
• プレゼント — present, gift
• 花はな — flower

The correct answer is 3 (べんりな). The sentence uses the pattern ～ので (because/since). べんり (便利) is a な-adjective. Before ので, a な-adjective takes the な-form: べんりな + ので → べんりなので ('because it is convenient'). The sentence means 'Because it is convenient, I often use a computer.'

• 1へんりで has the wrong reading (へ instead of べ) and uses で, which is not the correct connector before ので. The で form of a な-adjective is used for listing or manner, not before ので.
• 2べんり is the stem form. Before ので, a な-adjective must take な, so べんり alone is incomplete.
• 4べんりだ is the plain copula form. Before ので, だ changes to な, so べんりだ + ので is ungrammatical; it must be べんりな + ので.

• 便利べんり — convenient (な-adjective)
• パソコン — personal computer

The correct answer is 2 (強い). だろう attaches to the plain form of a word. For い-adjectives, the plain form ends in い: 強い + だろう → 強いだろう ('will probably be strong'). The word たぶん (probably) also signals that だろう is used for conjecture. The sentence means 'The wind will probably be strong tomorrow too.'

• 1強く is the adverbial form (連用形) of the い-adjective. It cannot directly precede だろう, which requires the plain (終止形) form.
• 3強くて is the て-form, meaning 'strong and...' — it connects clauses but does not fit before だろう.
• 4強いと is the conditional form (～と), meaning 'when/if it is strong,' which does not fit the だろう conjecture pattern.

• 強つよい — strong (い-adjective)
• たぶん — probably

The correct answer is 4 (みがかなくては). The pattern is V-なくてはいけません, meaning 'must do V.' The verb みがく (磨く, to brush) is conjugated: みがく → みがかない → drop い + くては → みがかなくては + いけません. The sentence means 'You must brush your teeth before going to bed.'

• 1みがけば is the conditional form (～ば). みがけばいけません is not a grammatical pattern for obligation.
• 2みがかないで is the negative て-form. みがかないでいけません is not a valid obligation expression.
• 3みがいても is the て-form + も (even if). みがいてもいけません does not express obligation and is grammatically incompatible here.

• 磨みがく — to brush (e.g., teeth)
• 必かならず — certainly, without fail

The correct answer is 3 (やく). The pattern V-辞書形 + ところです means 'about to do V.' これから (from now on) confirms the action has not yet started, so the dictionary form is required. やく (焼く) is the transitive verb 'to bake/toast,' and with を it correctly takes パンをやく ('to bake bread'). The sentence means 'I am about to bake bread now.'

• 1やいている is the ている form (currently baking). This would describe an action in progress, but これから…ところです requires the dictionary form for an action about to begin.
• 2やけている uses やける (焼ける), the intransitive verb 'to be baked/to burn,' which cannot be used with the object marker を. The ている form also conflicts with これから…ところです.
• 4やける is the intransitive verb 'to be baked,' which cannot take を (パンをやける is ungrammatical). The transitive verb やく is needed.

• 焼やく — to bake, to toast, to grill (transitive)
• 焼やける — to be baked, to get burned (intransitive)

The correct answer is 1 (うす). The pattern is い-adjective stem + すぎて (too… and…). For い-adjectives, you drop the final い and attach すぎる: うすい (薄い) → うす + すぎる → うすすぎる. The て-form is うすすぎて, connecting to 読めません (cannot read). The sentence means 'The letters on the copy are too faint to read.'

• 2うすく is the adverbial form (連用形). You cannot attach すぎて to the adverbial form; すぎる attaches to the stem (い dropped).
• 3うすい is the plain form. You cannot attach すぎて directly to the い-ending; the い must be dropped first (うす + すぎて).
• 4うすくて is the て-form of the adjective ('thin/faint and…'). This would create a double て-form connection (うすくて + すぎて), which is ungrammatical.

• 薄うすい — thin, faint, light (い-adjective)
• すぎる — to do too much, to be too… (auxiliary meaning 'excessively')