N4 Grammar · Test 28

The correct answer is 2 (し/し). The pattern [〜し、〜し] is used to list two or more reasons or conditions, often leading to a conclusion. 'ことばもわからないし、友だちもいないし、ほんとうにたいへんでした' = 'I couldn't understand the language, and I had no friends either, so it was really tough.' Each し attaches to the end of a clause to indicate one reason among others.

• 1や is used to list nouns (non-exhaustively), e.g., 'AやB.' It cannot be used to connect full clauses like 'わからない' and 'いない.'
• 3ても means 'even if / even though.' 'わからなくても' would mean 'even if I don't understand,' which changes the meaning. The sentence is listing reasons, not making concessions.
• 4たり is used to list actions (VたりVたりする), e.g., '食べたり飲んだりする.' It requires the たり form of verbs (わからなかったり), not the plain form, and is used for listing representative actions, not for listing reasons.

• 始はじめ — beginning / at first
• ことば — language / words
• 分わかる — to understand
• 友ともだち — friend
• 本当ほんとう — true / really
• 大変たいへん — tough / difficult
• 〜し — and also / besides (used to list reasons/conditions)

ほど with a negative adjective means 'not as...as'. 姉のへやほど広くない = 'not as spacious as my sister's room.' This is the standard comparative-of-inferiority pattern: A は B ほど + negative.

• 1だけ means 'only'; '姉のへやだけ広くない' would mean 'not spacious only for my sister's room,' which is nonsensical here.
• 2けど is a conjunction ('but'); it cannot connect へや to the adjective 広くない in this way.
• 4でも means 'even' or 'or something'; it does not produce the 'not as...as' comparison.

• 部屋へや — room
• 姉あね — older sister
• 広ひろい — spacious, wide
• ほど — to the extent of; (with negative) not as...as

も after a number/quantity emphasizes that the amount is large or surprising: 5回も = 'as many as 5 times.' 同じ小説を5回も読んだ = 'He read the same novel as many as 5 times.'

• 2が is a subject marker and cannot follow a counter like 5回 in this context.
• 3で after a counter can mean 'in/within (a span)' or 'at (a rate),' not the emphatic 'as many as' meaning needed here.
• 4しか must be followed by a negative (しか～ない) to mean 'only'; 読んだ is affirmative, so しか is ungrammatical here.

• 同おなじ — same
• 小説しょうせつ — novel
• 回かい — times (counter for occurrences)
• 読よむ — to read

を marks the direct object of the verb とられた ('was taken'). さいふをとられた = '(I) had my wallet taken / my wallet was taken.' This is a passive sentence with the wallet as the object.

• 1の would make 'someone's wallet,' but the structure だれかに…とられた requires the wallet to be the object marked by を, not a possessor link.
• 2に marks the agent of the passive (だれかに already fills that role); a second に before とられた is ungrammatical.
• 3か is a question/listing particle and cannot mark the object of とられた.

• だれか — someone
• 財布さいふ — wallet
• 取とる — to take; (passive とられる) to be taken

～なくてもかまいません is a fixed pattern meaning 'it is fine if you don't…; you don't have to…'. 持って来なくてもかまいません = 'You don't have to bring (a camera).' ても attaches to the negative なく form.

• 1では does not form the correct conditional/concessive with なく; 'なくではかまいません' is ungrammatical.
• 2でも after なく would mean 'even if not…,' but the set phrase is なくてもかまいません, not なくでも.
• 3ては does not attach to なく in this pattern; 'なくてはかまいません' is not the target expression (ては would instead relate to obligation patterns like なくてはいけない).

• カメラ — camera
• 持って来る（もってくる） — to bring (something)
• 構かまう — to mind, to care; (～てもかまいません) it's fine to…/it doesn't matter if…

The correct answer is 4 (を). The verb 通る ('to pass through') takes を to mark the route or place one passes through. 図書館の前を通る means 'passes in front of the library.' This is the pattern of (place/route) を 通る, where を marks the spatial path of movement.

• 1へ indicates direction toward a destination. 図書館の前へ通る would imply heading toward the front of the library, not passing through/along it, and is not the natural pattern with 通る.
• 2で marks the location where an action takes place or means of transportation. 図書館の前で通る is not grammatical with 通る in this sense.
• 3に indicates a point of arrival or target. 図書館の前に通る does not correctly express 'passing through/in front of'; 通る requires を for the route.

• 通とおる — to pass through / to go by
• 図書館としょかん — library