N4 Grammar · Test 35

Option 1 (よもう) is correct. The pattern 〜（よ）うと思っています means 'I am thinking of doing ~.' The volitional form of 読む (よむ, 'to read') is 読もう (よもう). So 読もうと思っています means 'I am thinking of reading this book tonight.'

• 2よむよう is not a valid volitional form. よむよう would be part of 〜ように patterns, not 〜うと思う.
• 3よむろう is not a grammatical form of 読む at all.
• 4よみよう is not a grammatical form. The volitional of a godan verb like 読む is formed by changing the final う-sound to an おう-sound (よもう), not by adding よう to the ます-stem.

• 読よむ — to read
• 〜（よ）うと思う（〜（よ）うとおもう） — to be thinking of doing ~ (volitional + と思う)

Option 4 (しずかな) is correct. The pattern 〜のに means 'even though / although,' showing contrast with expectation. For a na-adjective before のに, you must use the な form: しずかなのに ('even though (the room) is quiet'). The sentence means 'The room is very quiet, yet I can't sleep.'

• 1しずか is the bare stem of the na-adjective 静か. Before のに, a na-adjective requires な, so しずか alone is ungrammatical here.
• 2しずかで is the て-form connective for na-adjectives. It would link two adjectives/clauses (しずかで〜), not express 'even though.' It does not pair with のに.
• 3しずかだ is the plain copula form. だ cannot directly precede のに; the correct form is な before のに.

• 静しずか — quiet (na-adjective)
• 〜のに — even though, although (conjunction expressing contrast with expectation)

Option 2 (いい) is correct. Here そうです is the hearsay pattern ('I heard that ~'), introduced by 友だちの話では ('according to my friend'). For hearsay, you attach そうです to the plain form of the adjective. いい is the plain form of いい (よい, 'good'), so いいそうです means 'I hear it's good.'

• 1よく is the adverbial form of いい. Adverbs cannot directly precede そうです in this pattern; you need the adjective form.
• 3いいだ is ungrammatical before そうです. For hearsay そうです, you use the plain form (いい) without だ. (だそうです is used with nouns, not with いい.)
• 4よくて is the て-form of いい. The て-form is for connecting clauses, not for the hearsay そうです pattern.

• いい／よい — good (i-adjective)
• 〜そうです（伝聞）（〜そうです（でんぶん）） — I hear that ~ / it is said that ~ (hearsay; attaches to plain form)

Option 2 (さびしかったら) is correct. The pattern 〜たら means 'if/when ~.' For an i-adjective like さびしい (さびしい, 'lonely'), the たら conditional is formed by dropping い and adding かったら: さびしかったら ('if (you) feel lonely'). So さびしかったら電話をください means 'If you feel lonely, please call me.'

• 1さびしだったら is wrong. さびし- is not a valid stem for forming the たら conditional of an i-adjective. The correct form is さびしかったら.
• 3さびしいかったら is ungrammatical. You cannot simply append かったら to the full adjective form; you must drop い first (さびしい → さびしかったら).
• 4さびしいだったら is ungrammatical. だったら is the conditional of the copula だ (used with nouns/na-adjectives), not with i-adjectives. i-Adjectives use かったら.

• 寂さびしい — lonely, sad (i-adjective)
• 〜たら — if / when ~ (conditional; for i-adjectives: drop い + かったら)

かどうか means 'whether or not.' The sentence reads: 'I don't know whether he will be happy with this present.' かどうか is used after a verb to embed a yes/no question inside a larger sentence — here, 'whether (he will be pleased) or not' is embedded under わかりません (I don't know).

• 1かを is ungrammatical. The question particle か cannot be followed by the object particle を in this construction. Embedded yes/no questions use かどうか, not かを.
• 2のに means 'even though' or 'in order to' depending on context. Neither meaning fits here — the sentence is not expressing contrast or purpose, but uncertainty about whether he will be pleased.
• 4ように means 'so that' or 'in the way that.' This would make the sentence 'I don't know so that he will be happy,' which is nonsensical. The sentence requires an embedded question, not a purpose clause.

• かどうか — whether or not (embedded yes/no question)
• よろこぶ — to be pleased, to be glad
• わかる — to understand, to know

Option 2 「した」 is correct. The pattern being tested is V-た + ことがある, meaning 'have experienced doing ~ (at least once).' The verb must be in the past tense (た-form) before ことがある. けいけんする → けいけんした + ことがある = 'have experienced (doing) ~.' The full sentence means: 'I have experienced this kind of thing before.'

• 1「する」 is the dictionary form. V-辞書形 + ことがある is not the correct pattern for expressing experience. The た-form (した) is required.
• 3「するの」 uses の as a nominalizer, but の + ことがある is not a valid pattern for expressing past experience. The た-form is needed.
• 4「しよう」 is the volitional form ('let's do ~'). V-よう + ことがある is not a valid construction for expressing experience.

• 〜たことがある — have experienced doing ~ (at least once); requires V-た form
• けいけん(経験)する — to experience
• 今いままで — until now / so far

ごらんになりました is the respectful (sonkeigo) form of 見る (to see/look). The sentence '中川さんがかいたえをごらんになりましたか' means 'Did you see the painting Nakagawa-san drew?' — politely asking a superior whether they have seen it. ごらんになる is the standard sonkeigo form for 見る taught at this level.

• 1おみえしました is not a standard form. It appears to be a confused mix of おみせしました (humble 'I showed') and みえました (respectful 'saw'), but as written it is ungrammatical.
• 2ごらんいたしました is the humble (kenjougo) form 'I humbly looked at.' Since the sentence ends with か (a question directed at someone else), a humble form about one's own action does not fit — you would not ask someone 'Did I humbly see...?'
• 3おみになりました is a respectful form of 見る (お+み+になる), which is grammatically valid. However, ごらんになる (option 4) is the more standard and commonly tested sonkeigo form for 見る at this level, making 4 the better answer.

• ごらんになる — respectful form of 見る (to see/look)
• おみになる — respectful form of 見る (less common than ごらんになる)
• ごらんいたす — humble form of 見る (I humbly look at)

いないらしく means 'it seems nobody is (there).' The full sentence reads: 'It seems nobody is in this house; it's quiet whenever I go.' らしい expresses conjecture based on evidence (the quietness), and since だれも...ない means 'nobody,' いないらしく fits perfectly — the speaker infers from the quietness that no one is home.

• 1いるのに means 'even though someone is there.' This contradicts the second clause (いつ行ってもしずかだ = it's always quiet), which implies the house is empty.
• 2いるそうで means 'I hear someone is there.' This also contradicts the quietness described, and そうだ (hearsay) would report someone else's statement, which doesn't fit the context of the speaker's own observation.
• 4いないそうに is grammatically incorrect. そうに is used with verb stems to mean 'appearing to be about to ~' (e.g., 降りそうに), but with the negative ない it does not form a proper conjecture expression. The correct conjecture pattern is ない+らしく.

• だれも〜ない — nobody (with negative)
• らしい — seems like, appears to be (conjecture based on evidence)
• しずか — quiet

あしたじゃなければ means 'if it's not tomorrow.' The sentence reads: 'Tomorrow I'm busy so it won't work, but if it's not tomorrow, any time is fine.' 〜なければ (conditional 'if not') connects logically: since tomorrow is bad, any day other than tomorrow works.

• 2あしたじゃないと is also a conditional ('if it's not tomorrow'), but it is more colloquial/casual. At this level, 〜なければ is the standard conditional form tested, and じゃないと is less formal. While it conveys similar meaning, じゃなければ (option 1) is the more appropriate and standard choice.
• 3あしたなら means 'if it's tomorrow,' which directly contradicts the first clause (tomorrow is no good). The sentence needs 'if NOT tomorrow,' not 'if tomorrow.'
• 4あしただったら means 'if it's tomorrow,' which also contradicts the context. The speaker is saying tomorrow doesn't work, so the condition must exclude tomorrow.

• いそがしい — busy
• 〜なければ — if not (conditional negative)
• いつでも — anytime