N4 Grammar · Test 56

Option 4 (なら) is correct. なら is a conditional/topic particle meaning 'if you're talking about ~' or 'as for ~'. みちこならもう出かけましたけれど means 'If it's Michiko you're asking about, she has already gone out.' This is the natural response when someone asks whether a specific person is available — なら picks up the topic mentioned by the caller.

• 1が would make みちこがもう出かけました, meaning 'Michiko (as the subject) already left.' While grammatically possible, it does not convey the natural 'as for ~' topic-shifting nuance that なら provides in this conversational context. The speaker is responding to a request about Michiko, so なら (topic conditional) is the idiomatic choice.
• 2を marks the direct object of a transitive verb. 出かける is intransitive, so を cannot be used here. みちこをもう出かけました is ungrammatical.
• 3でも means 'even ~'. みちこでももう出かけました would mean 'even Michiko has already left,' implying surprise that Michiko (among others) left. This does not fit the context of simply answering whether Michiko is available.

• 〜なら — if it's ~; as for ~ (topic conditional, picks up a mentioned topic)
• いらっしゃる — to be (honorific); to be present
• 出でかける — to go out; to leave

Option 3 (歩かせる) is the causative form of 歩く. The sentence means: 'The child is still 3 years old. Making (the child) walk to the top of the mountain would be unreasonable, wouldn't it?' 歩かせるのはむりでしょう uses the causative to express 'making someone walk,' and の nominalizes it as the topic. The context (child is only 3) supports the idea that forcing the child to walk would be unreasonable (むり).

• 1歩ける – The potential form ('can walk'). 歩けるのはむりでしょう = 'being able to walk to the top would be impossible.' While grammatically possible, the sentence is better interpreted as someone considering making the child walk, making the causative the intended answer.
• 2歩かれる – The passive/honorific form. This does not fit the context; there is no agent performing an action on the child from a passive perspective, and honorific usage is inappropriate here.
• 4歩いた – The plain past form. 歩いたのはむりでしょう = 'the fact that (the child) walked would be unreasonable,' which is contextually odd since the child hasn't walked yet; the sentence is about a future hypothetical.

• 歩あるかせる — to make (someone) walk (causative of 歩く)
• むり — unreasonable, impossible

Option 2 (たか) is correct. The pattern ～そうだ ('looks like/seems') attaches to the stem of an i-adjective by dropping い: たかい → たか + そう = たかそう. Since it modifies the noun レストラン, we use たかそうな: たかそうなレストラン = 'an expensive-looking restaurant.' The full sentence: 'It was an expensive-looking restaurant, so I didn't go in.'

• 1たかい – You cannot attach そう directly to the plain i-adjective form. The い must be dropped first.
• 3たかく – The く-form (adverbial/te-stem) is not used before そう. たかくそう is ungrammatical.
• 4たかくて – The て-form (たかくて) expresses a conjunction ('expensive and…'), not the appearance pattern そうだ.

• 高たかい — expensive, high
• ～そうだ — looks like, seems (appearance)

Option 4 (した) is correct. The pattern V-た + ことがある means 'have experienced doing something.' 入院したことがあります = 'I have experienced being hospitalized.' The sentence: 'When I was a child, I got injured and was hospitalized once.' The past tense した is required before ことがある to indicate a past experience.

• 1する – The dictionary form. することがある means 'there are times when I do ~' (habitual), not 'I have experienced ~.' This changes the meaning entirely.
• 2しない – The negative form. しないことがある = 'there are times when I don't do ~,' which is both grammatically and semantically wrong here.
• 3して – The te-form. してことがある is ungrammatical; the pattern requires the た-form, not the て-form.

• 入院にゅういんする — to be hospitalized
• ～たことがある — have experienced doing ~

Option 2 (ふり) is correct. The pattern V-ます stem + 始める means 'to start doing something.' 雨が降り始めました = 'It started raining.' You take the ます-stem of 降る (降り) and attach 始める. The sentence: 'This morning, it started raining around 6 o'clock.'

• 1ふる – The dictionary form. ふる始めました is ungrammatical; 始める must attach to the ます-stem, not the dictionary form.
• 3ふって – The te-form. ふって始めました is ungrammatical; the te-form does not connect to 始める in this pattern.
• 4ふったり – The たり-form (used for listing actions). ふったり始めました is ungrammatical and does not fit the 'start doing' pattern.

• 降ふる — to fall (rain, snow)
• ～始める（～はじめる） — to start doing ~ (attached to V-ます stem)

The sentence uses もし (if), which signals a conditional clause. The correct conditional form is 〜たら. わからなかったら means 'if (you) don't understand.' The full sentence means: 'If you don't understand the meaning of a word, please ask the teacher.' もし pairs naturally with たら to express a hypothetical condition.

• 2わからなくて is the て-form of the negative (わからない → わからなくて). The て-form connects clauses sequentially or causally ('not understanding, and...'), but it does not express a conditional 'if' meaning, so it cannot follow もし.
• 3わからないと uses the と conditional, which can mean 'if/when.' However, もし is conventionally paired with たら or ば, not と. と also carries a stronger sense of inevitable consequence ('whenever A happens, B happens'), which doesn't fit the hypothetical request context here.
• 4わからないで means 'without understanding' and is used to describe doing something without doing something else (e.g., ごはんをたべないでがっこうに行く). It does not express a condition and cannot follow もし.

• もし — if (hypothetical marker)
• 意味いみ — meaning
• 質問しつもんする — to ask a question
• 分わかる — to understand