N4 Grammar · Test 54

With 〜てくれる, the person who performs the favor (the giver) is marked by が. 友だちがそうじをてつだってくれた means 'A friend helped (me) with the cleaning.' The friend is the one who did the action, so が is correct.

• 1を marks the direct object of a transitive verb. 友だちをそうじをてつだってくれた has two を phrases and is ungrammatical. 友だち is the subject (the helper), not the object being cleaned.
• 2に marks the doer with 〜てもらう (友だちにてもらう), NOT with 〜てくれる. With くれる, the doer takes が. Using に here would incorrectly mark the friend as the recipient rather than the giver.
• 4で marks means/location/scope. 友だちでそうじをてつだってくれた is ungrammatical in this context — the friend is not a means or location.

• 〜てくれる — someone does something for me/us (giver marked by が)
• 〜てもらう — I/we have someone do something (doer marked by に)
• そうじ（掃除） — cleaning
• てつだう（手伝う）（てつだう） — to help, to assist

しか is always followed by a negative predicate and means 'only.' あと5分しかありません means 'There are only 5 minutes left.' Since the sentence ends with ありません (negative), しか is the correct and natural choice.

• 1ごろ means 'around (time)' and is used with approximate clock times (3時ごろ). 5分ごろありません is ungrammatical — ごろ cannot be used with a duration like 5分, nor with a negative.
• 3だけ also means 'only,' but it is used with affirmative predicates (5分だけあります = there are only 5 minutes). With a negative like ありません, だけ is unnatural; しか〜ない is the required pattern.
• 4で here would mean 'in/within' (5分でありません), which is ungrammatical. で as a limit particle is used with affirmative statements like 5分で終わります, not with ありません.

• 〜しか〜ない — only (always paired with a negative verb)
• 〜だけ — only (used with affirmative verbs)
• あと — remaining, left (after)

並ぶ (ならぶ) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to line up, to stand in a line.' 人がならんでいます means 'people are lined up / standing in line.' Since people line up by themselves (they are not being arranged by someone), the intransitive 〜ている form is correct.

• 1並べる (ならべる) is a transitive verb meaning 'to arrange, to line up (objects).' 人がならべています would mean 'people are arranging (something),' which doesn't fit — the sentence is about people being in a line, not arranging things.
• 2ならべてあります uses the transitive verb in the 〜てある pattern, meaning 'something has been arranged (by someone).' This describes objects placed in order, not people standing in line. 人がならべてあります is unnatural.
• 4ならんであります is ungrammatical. 〜てある is used only with transitive verbs (to show a resulting state of an intentional action). 並ぶ is intransitive, so 並んである is not valid Japanese.

• 並ぶ（ならぶ）（ならぶ） — to line up, to stand in a line (intransitive)
• 並べる（ならべる）（ならべる） — to arrange, to line up (transitive)
• 〜ている — ongoing state/action (with intransitive verbs: resulting state)
• 〜てある — something has been done (resulting state, transitive verbs only)

かもしれない ('might, perhaps') follows the dictionary form (辞書形) of a verb. 雨が降るかもしれない means 'it might rain.' Since the sentence talks about a future possibility on the way (とちゅうで), the plain non-past form 降る is correct.

• 1降った is the past tense (た形). 雨が降ったかもしれない means 'it might have rained,' referring to a past event. But the context is future-oriented (持って行きましょう = 'let's bring'), so the past form doesn't fit.
• 2降って is the て形. 降ってかもしれない is ungrammatical — かもしれない does not attach to the て form of a verb.
• 3降り is the ます stem (連用形). While some grammar patterns use the ます stem, かもしれない requires the dictionary form (降る), not the stem. 降りかもしれない is incorrect.

• 〜かもしれない — might, perhaps (follows dictionary form or noun + な)
• 降る（ふる）（ふる） — to fall (rain, snow)
• とちゅう（途中） — on the way, midway
• かさ（傘） — umbrella

Option 2 (使えます) is the potential form of 使う (to use). The sentence means 'Can Japanese money be used at this store?' The potential form 使える with が marks what can be used, and the question particle か makes it a yes/no question.

• 1使います is the plain polite form, meaning 'I use' — it states a fact rather than asking about possibility, which doesn't fit the context of asking whether something can be used.
• 3使うんです is the explanatory の/んです form, meaning 'I use it (explanatory)' — it doesn't express potential/can-do and sounds unnatural in this question context.
• 4使ってです is grammatically incorrect — て-form cannot be directly followed by です.

• 使つかえる — can use (potential form of 使う)
• 店みせ — shop, store
• お金（おかね） — money

The correct answer is 4 (しないよう). The pattern 〜ようにしてください means 'please make sure to do/not do ~'. With the negative, しないようにしてください means 'please make sure not to do exercise today.' The full sentence is 今日は運動をしないようにしてください。

• 1しないで means 'without doing' and connects clauses. It cannot be followed by にしてください.
• 2しない is the plain negative. しないにしてください is grammatically incorrect; に requires a noun-equivalent, and しない alone does not form the correct pattern.
• 3しなさそう means 'looks like (someone) won't do it.' しなさそうにしてください is not a valid grammatical construction.

• 〜ようにしてください — please make sure to ~ / please try to ~
• 運動うんどう — exercise

The correct answer is 3 (らしく). らしく means 'in a manner befitting ~' or 'like a proper ~.' 学生らしくもっと勉強しなさい means 'Study more, like a proper student should.' らしく functions as an adverb here, modifying the verb phrase もっと勉強しなさい.

• 1みたい is used to express similarity ('looks like ~') and typically appears as 〜みたいだ or 〜みたいに (adverbial). みたい alone cannot modify the verb phrase here.
• 2みたいな is a pre-noun adjectival form (modifies nouns, e.g., 学生みたいな人). Here it is followed by a verb phrase, not a noun, so it is grammatically incorrect.
• 4らしい is an i-adjective-type suffix meaning 'seems like ~' or 'typical of ~.' It needs だ or must modify a noun. 学生らしいもっと勉強しなさい is grammatically broken; the adverbial form らしく is required.

• 〜らしく — in a manner befitting ~ / like a proper ~ (adverbial form of らしい)
• 学生がくせい — student

The correct answer is 2 (ということ). 〜ということ is a nominalizing phrase meaning 'the fact that ~' or 'that ~.' 〜ということがわかった means 'I understood/found out that ~.' The full sentence: 'I investigated various things and found out that that station is the most convenient.'

• 1というもの means 'the thing called ~' or 'such a thing as ~,' referring to a concrete thing/object. It does not nominalize a clause of information the way ということ does.
• 3こと alone can nominalize, but after だ it becomes だこと, which is not a standard nominalizing pattern for embedded clauses with わかった. The という is needed to connect the clause properly.
• 4もの means 'thing' (concrete or abstract). べんりだものがわかった is grammatically incorrect; だもの is not a proper nominalizer for an embedded clause in this construction.

• 〜ということ — the fact that ~ / that ~ (nominalizes a clause, often used with わかった, きいた, etc.)
• 調しらべる — to investigate, to check
• 便利べんり — convenient

来たら (きたら) is the 〜たら conditional form of 来る (くる, to come). 〜たら can be followed by a request or command, making it perfect here: 小林さんが来たら、かならず私に知らせて下さい means 'When/if Kobayashi-san comes, please be sure to let me know.' The 〜たら form expresses 'when/if (condition happens), then (do this)' and is compatible with 知らせて下さい.

• 2来ると uses 〜と, which expresses a natural/automatic consequence ('whenever A happens, B happens'). Crucially, 〜と CANNOT be followed by a request or command (〜て下さい), so this is grammatically incorrect here.
• 3来たり is the 〜たり form, used to list representative actions ('doing things like A and B'). It does not express a condition and cannot connect to 知らせて下さい in this way.
• 4来るまま uses まま (as it is / leaving something as-is), which does not express a conditional and is ungrammatical in this context.

• 来くる — to come
• かならず（必ず） — certainly, without fail
• 知しらせる — to notify, to let someone know

なおしていただきました uses the pattern Vて＋いただく, which means 'I receive the favor of someone doing (action) for me.' 先生に作文をなおしていただきました means 'I had my teacher correct my composition.' The subject is 私 (me), and 先生 is marked by に as the one performing the favor. This correctly expresses receiving a beneficial action from a respected person.

• 1おなおしになりました uses お＋Vますstem＋になる, which is sonkeigo (respectful form) for the teacher's action. However, the subject of the sentence is 私 ('I'), not the teacher. You cannot use sonkeigo for your own action, so this is incorrect.
• 2おなおししました uses お＋Vますstem＋する, which is kenjougo (humble form). This would mean 'I humbly corrected (the composition),' implying the speaker did the correcting, not the teacher. The sentence needs the teacher to do the correcting.
• 4なおしていらっしゃいました uses いらっしゃる, which is sonkeigo for いる/行く/来る (be/go/come), not for なおす (to correct). This form is grammatically meaningless here.

• なおす（直す） — to correct, to fix
• 〜ていただく — to receive the favor of someone doing something for me
• お/ご〜する — humble form (kenjougo) for one's own action
• お/ご〜になる — respectful form (sonkeigo) for another's action