N4 Grammar · Test 53

The sentence means 'This is a photo I will send to my mother tomorrow.' A verb in the plain/dictionary form can directly modify a noun. Since あした ('tomorrow') indicates a future action, the dictionary form 送る (okuru, 'to send') is correct: あした母に送る写真 = 'a photo (I) will send to my mother tomorrow.'

• 2送って (okutte) is the て-form. The て-form cannot directly modify a noun; it is used for connecting clauses or making requests, not for noun modification.
• 3送った (okutta) is the past form. It would mean 'a photo I sent,' but あした ('tomorrow') clearly indicates a future action, creating a contradiction.
• 4送るの (okuru no) turns the verb into a nominalized phrase ('the act of sending / the one to send'). This cannot directly modify the noun 写真.

• 送おくる — to send
• 写真しゃしん — photograph
• 母はは — mother (humble/plain reference to one's own mother)

The sentence means 'In Japan, when going home, people say "sayounara."' The 〜とき ('when') pattern uses the dictionary (plain) form for habitual/general/future actions. かえるとき = 'when (one) goes home.' Since this describes a general cultural habit, the dictionary form かえる is correct.

• 2かえって (kaette) is the て-form. かえってとき is ungrammatical; the て-form cannot directly precede とき.
• 3かえった (kaetta) is the past form. かえったとき = 'when I went home' refers to a specific past event, not a general/habitual action. The sentence describes a general custom, so past tense is inappropriate.
• 4かえっていた (kaette ita) is the past progressive form. かえっていたとき is ungrammatical in this context and refers to a past ongoing action, not a general habit.

• 〜とき — when, at the time of
• 帰かえる — to go home, to return
• さようなら — goodbye

The sentence means 'When I carried the old lady's luggage for her, she was very happy.' 〜てあげる (te-ageru) means 'to do something as a favor for someone.' It requires the て-form of the verb: もってあげる = 'to carry (something) for someone.' Combined with 〜たら ('when/if'), もってあげたら = 'when I carried (it for her).'

• 1もった (motta) is the past form. もったあげたら is ungrammatical; あげる must follow the て-form, not the た-form.
• 3もとう (motō) is the volitional form ('let's carry'). もとうあげたら is ungrammatical; the volitional form cannot connect to あげる.
• 4もつと (motsu + to) would attempt to use the と conditional, but もつとあげたら is ungrammatical. The と conditional and 〜てあげる pattern do not combine this way.

• 〜てあげる — to do something for someone (as a favor)
• 持もつ — to carry, to hold
• 荷物にもつ — luggage, baggage
• 喜よろこぶ — to be glad, to rejoice

Option 3 (学生な) is correct. The sentence ends with ～のですか, an explanatory/questioning pattern. When a noun (学生) comes before の, you must insert な: 学生なのですか ('Is that person really a student?'). The な links the noun to the explanatory の.

• 1学生 – Missing the necessary linking な before の. 学生のですか is ungrammatical for a noun.
• 2学生だ – だ is the plain copula, but だ cannot directly precede の in this pattern. 学生だのですか is ungrammatical.
• 4学生と – と ('and/with/quote') does not connect a noun to the explanatory の pattern here.

• 学生がくせい — student
• ほんとうに — really, truly

Option 4 (ように) is correct. The grammar pattern V-辞書形 + ように + 言う means 'to tell (someone) to do something.' Here, ものをたいせつにするように言っています = 'I always tell the children to take care of things.' The ように quotatively connects the content of what is said to the verb 言う.

• 1ことが – ことが言っています does not form a valid pattern. ことが would need a different verb structure (e.g., ことがある).
• 2ことに – ことに言う is not a valid grammar pattern for expressing the content of what is told.
• 3ような – ような modifies a noun, but here it is followed by the verb 言って, so ように (adverbial) is required, not ような (adjectival).

• たいせつにする — to take care of, to value
• ～ように言う（～ようにいう） — to tell someone to do ~

The pattern 〜ために (in order to ~) takes the dictionary form of the verb when expressing a future goal or intention. なるために = 'in order to become', giving 先生になるために勉強しています = 'I am studying in order to become a teacher.'

• 2なろう is the volitional form. It does not connect with ために in this pattern.
• 3なった is the past form. なったために would mean 'because I became', which is a different pattern (原因・理由) and doesn't fit the context of studying toward a future goal.
• 4なれる is the potential form ('can become'). While grammatically attachable to ために, it changes the meaning to 'in order to be able to become a teacher', which is not the intended meaning here. The standard expression is 先生になるために.

• しょうらい — future
• なる — to become
• 〜ために — in order to (do something)

The correct answer is 3 (いらっしゃいません). いらっしゃる is the honorific (尊敬語) form of いる ('to be/exist' for people). The sentence どなたか質問のある方はいらっしゃいませんか means 'Is there anyone who has a question?' The negative form いらっしゃいません + か forms a polite question asking whether anyone is present, which is the standard way to ask 'Is there anyone...?' in Japanese.

• 1いらっしゃるです is ungrammatical. いらっしゃる is already a polite (尊敬語) verb form and does not take the copula です.
• 2いらっしゃいです is not a standard conjugation. The imperative form いらっしゃい exists (e.g., いらっしゃいませ 'welcome'), but いらっしゃいです is not a proper form for asking a question.
• 4いらっしゃるではありません is not a grammatical negative form. The correct negative of いらっしゃる is いらっしゃらない → いらっしゃいません (polite).

• いらっしゃる — to be, to exist, to come, to go (honorific/respectful form of いる/行く/来る)
• どなたか — someone (polite)

The correct answer is 4 (ならない). The pattern 〜ないと〜ない means 'unless ~, won't ~.' The sentence あの花は5月にならないと咲きません means 'That flower won't bloom unless it becomes May.' The と conditional connects ならない ('does not become') with 咲きません ('won't bloom'), forming the standard 'unless' construction.

• 1ならず is the literary/adverbial negative form (〜ずに = without doing). 5月にならずと咲きません is not grammatical in this context; 〜ずと is not a standard conditional pattern.
• 2ならなけれ is a truncated form of ならなければ (conditional negative). However, 〜なけれと is not a valid grammatical pattern — the conditional ば is required (ならなければ), and you cannot simply attach と to なけれ.
• 3ならなく is the て-form negative (ならなくて) without the て. 5月にならなくと咲きません is not grammatical. The 〜なくて pattern expresses reason/cause, not condition, and does not pair with と.

• 〜ないと〜ない — unless ~, won't ~
• 咲さく — to bloom
• なる — to become

The correct answer is 3 (待たされた). This is the causative-passive (使役受身) form of 待つ ('to wait'), meaning 'to be made to wait.' The formation: 待つ → 待たせる (causative) → 待たされる (causative-passive) → 待たされた (past tense). The sentence おなかがいたくて病院へ行ったら、1時間も待たされた means 'I had a stomachache and went to the hospital, and was made to wait for a whole hour.' The causative-passive expresses the speaker's feeling of being forced to endure the wait.

• 1待たれさせた is an incorrect hybrid form. It attempts to combine the passive 待たれる with the causative させる in the wrong order. The correct causative-passive is 待たされる, not 待たれさせる.
• 2待たせさせた is a double causative ('made someone make someone wait'), which is not the intended meaning. The speaker themselves was made to wait, not causing someone else to cause waiting.
• 4待たされられた is an over-formed, non-standard construction. It stacks the passive される onto the already causative-passive 待たされる, creating an ungrammatical form.

• 待またされる — to be made to wait (causative-passive of 待つ)
• 使役受身しえきうけみ — causative-passive form (being made/forced to do something)
• 待まつ — to wait

The correct answer is 1 (雨). The pattern なら attaches directly to the plain form of a word. For a noun like 雨 (あめ, rain), the conditional is simply 雨なら (あめなら), meaning 'if it rains.' The sentence means: 'If it rains tomorrow, I won't do the laundry.'

• 2雨だなら is incorrect. なら does not attach to だ; for nouns you drop だ and attach なら directly to the noun: 雨なら.
• 3雨のなら is incorrect. の is not used before なら in this conditional pattern.
• 4雨になら is incorrect. に is not the particle used with なら for this conditional meaning.

• 雨あめ — rain
• 洗濯せんたく — laundry, washing
• 〜なら — if (conditional, attaches to plain form)