N4 Grammar · Test 52

Option 4「よく　いらっしゃいました」means 'Welcome' and is said by a host greeting a visitor who has arrived. In this conversation, A is the host: after welcoming the guest, A says「どうぞ　お上がり　ください」(Please come in/up), and B responds with「しつれいします」(Excuse me (for entering)), which is the standard phrase said when entering someone's home. This fits perfectly.

• 1「いって　まいります」is a humble form (謙譲語/けんじょうご) meaning 'I am going.' It would be said by the person leaving, not by a host welcoming a guest.
• 2「ごめんください」is what a VISITOR says at the door when arriving at someone's home, meaning 'Excuse me / Is anyone home?' A is the host, so this does not fit.
• 3「いってらっしゃい」means 'Have a good trip / See you later' and is said to someone who is leaving. It does not fit a welcoming situation.

• よくいらっしゃいました — Welcome (said by host to arriving guest)
• ごめんください — Excuse me (said by visitor at someone's door)
• しつれいします — Excuse me (said when entering someone's home/room)

Option 2「おだいじに」means 'Please take care of yourself / Get well soon.' It is the standard expression used when someone tells you they are sick or unwell. Since A says they have a headache (頭がいたい) and are going home, B's response「おだいじに」is the natural and correct thing to say.

• 1「お元気で」means 'Take care / Stay well' and is used when someone is going on a trip or leaving for a long time. It is not used for someone who is sick.
• 3「こちらこそ」means 'Same here / It is I who should say that,' used to return a greeting or compliment. It does not fit this context at all.
• 4「かしこまりました」means 'Certainly / I understand' and is a formal business acknowledgment. It would be used by a shop clerk or subordinate accepting a request, not when someone is sick.

• おだいじに — Take care of yourself; get well soon (said to someone who is ill)

Option 4「休ませて　いただきたいんですが」uses the pattern V(causative)＋て＋いただく, meaning 'I would like to be allowed to do ~.' Here, 休ませていただく means 'to be allowed to take a day off.' This is the correct humble/polite way for an employee (社員) to ask the company president (社長) for permission to take a day off. The んですが at the end softens the request.

• 1「休んで　さしあげませんか」is grammatically and semantically wrong. さしあげる is a humble verb for giving to a superior, but 休んでさしあげる would mean 'I'll take a break for your sake,' which makes no sense. The negative question form is also inappropriate.
• 2「休まれて　いただけませんか」is ungrammatical. 休まれる is the passive/honorific form of 休む, and combining it with いただけませんか does not produce a valid structure for requesting permission.
• 3「休んで　いただきたいんですが」means 'I want YOU to take a day off,' which reverses the roles. The employee wants to take the day off themselves, not ask the boss to take a day off.

• 休やすませていただく — to be allowed to take a break/day off (humble causative-receiving pattern)
• さしあげる — to give (humble form of あげる, used toward a superior)

Option 1「おかげさまで」means 'Thanks to you' and is a standard humble response when someone congratulates you. When A says「おめでとうございます」(Congratulations), responding with「おかげさまで」(Thanks to you) is the most natural and polite reply, acknowledging the other person's goodwill.

• おかげさまで — Thanks to you (humble expression of gratitude, often used in response to congratulations)
• おめでとうございます — Congratulations

かんたんだった is the plain past form of the な-adjective かんたん. 〜そうです (hearsay / 'I heard that…') attaches to the plain form of verbs and adjectives. For a な-adjective in the past tense, the plain form is かんたんだった, so かんたんだったそうです is correct: 'I heard that last year's exam was easy.'

• 1かんたんな is the pre-noun form (連体形) used to modify a noun (かんたんな試験). Before そうです (hearsay), you need the predicative form, not the attributive form.
• 2かんたんに is the adverbial form ('easily'). It cannot precede そうです in this hearsay pattern, and it would change the meaning to 'easily' rather than 'was easy.'
• 4かんたんでした is the polite past form. 〜そうです (hearsay) requires the plain form (かんたんだった), not the polite form. Polite + そう is ungrammatical for hearsay.

• 簡単かんたん — easy (な-adjective)
• 〜そうです — I heard that… / It is said that… (hearsay; attaches to plain form)

Option 2 (だした) forms 泣き出した (なきだした), meaning 'burst into tears / suddenly started crying.' The verb 出す (だす) attached to the ます-stem of a verb means 'to suddenly begin doing something.' The sentence means 'When my little sister arrived home, she suddenly burst into tears.'

• 1でた forms 泣きでた, which is not a valid compound verb. The correct stem+出す combination uses the kanji 出す read as だす, not でる.
• 3すぎた forms 泣きすぎた (なきすぎた, 'cried too much'). While grammatically possible, it doesn't fit the context — the sentence describes the sudden onset of crying upon arriving home, not excessive crying.
• 4いれた forms 泣きいれた, which is not a standard or valid compound verb in this context.

• 泣き出す（なきだす） — to burst into tears; to suddenly start crying
• 〜出す（〜だす） — (suffix) to suddenly begin doing (verb stem + だす)

Option 1 (お楽しみ) forms お楽しみください, the standard honorific expression meaning 'please enjoy.' The pattern お + verb stem + ください is a polite/honorific request form. 楽しむ (たのしむ) is a native Japanese (和語) verb, so the prefix お is used (not ご). The sentence means 'The movie is about to begin, so please enjoy it to the end.'

• 2ご楽しみ uses ご, which is the honorific prefix for Sino-Japanese (音読み) nouns. 楽しむ is a native Japanese verb, so お is the correct prefix, not ご.
• 3楽しみなさり would need to be 楽しみなさってください to be grammatical. なさり is the ます-stem of the honorific verb なさる, but なさりください is not a valid form — the te-form なさってください is required.
• 4楽しみになり would need to be 楽しみになってください to be grammatical. になり is the ます-stem of になる (honorific), but になりください is not a valid form — the te-form になってください is required.

• 楽たのしむ — to enjoy
• お〜ください — honorific request pattern: お + verb stem + ください

Option 3 (いく) forms 変わっていく, meaning 'continue to change (over time / into the future).' The auxiliary verb 〜ていく indicates a process that continues or progresses in a direction away from the present. The sentence means 'When autumn comes, the leaves gradually change color and keep changing.'

• 1みる forms 変わってみる, meaning 'try changing (and see what happens).' This doesn't fit the context of a natural seasonal process that unfolds on its own.
• 2おく forms 変わっておく, meaning 'change in advance / change as preparation.' This implies intentional action for future benefit, which doesn't fit a natural phenomenon.
• 4ある forms 変わってある, which is ungrammatical. 〜てある (resultant state) is only used with transitive verbs, but 変わる is intransitive.

• 変かわる — to change (intransitive)
• 〜ていく — (auxiliary) to continue doing something; to change/progress over time

The correct answer is 4 (か). The sentence means 'Please tell me where to buy a ticket.' When you embed a question (containing a question word like どこ) inside another sentence, you must use か before the verb of telling/asking (教える, 聞く, etc.). The pattern is: (question word + plain form) + か + (verb). Here, どこで買う + か + 教えてください.

• 1と is not used to embed questions. と is used for quoting direct speech (e.g., 「…」と言う) or for conditional 'when/if,' but not for indirect questions like 'where to buy.'
• 2も means 'also/too' and does not connect a question clause to 教えてください.
• 3を marks a direct object, but an embedded question clause cannot be the direct object of 教える with を. The correct linker for embedded questions is か.

• きっぷ — ticket
• 教おしえる — to teach, to tell
• 〜か (embedded question) — whether/if (links an embedded question to the main clause)

Option 1 (と) is correct. The pattern 〜と here expresses a condition/trigger: 'when you do ~, ...'. ちょっと見ると means 'when you look briefly' (it seems easy, but it's actually difficult). The と conditional is used for natural or habitual sequences — 'when X happens, Y is the case.'

• 2ば is a conditional (〜ば meaning 'if'), but it requires the 仮定形 (conditional stem) of a verb, not the dictionary form. ちょっと見るば is ungrammatical; it would need to be 見れば.
• 3が is the subject marker. ちょっと見るが would mean 'I look briefly, but...' — a contrastive conjunction, which does not fit the sentence structure here (there is no contrasting clause before かんたんそう).
• 4は is the topic marker. ちょっと見るは does not form a grammatical construction that leads into かんたんそう. The と conditional is what links the two clauses.

• ちょっと見る（ちょっとみる） — to take a quick look
• 〜と — when/if (conditional expressing a natural sequence)
• かんたんそう — seems easy (簡単 + そう)
• むずかしい — difficult