N4 Grammar · Test 51

The correct answer is 3 「歌う」. The pattern 〜ことがあります ('there are times when I…') takes the plain dictionary form of a verb. 歌うことがあります = 'Sometimes I sing Japanese songs.' The dictionary form 歌う is the only grammatically correct form before ことがあります.

• 1「歌うの」inserts の between the verb and こと, creating an ungrammatical sequence 歌うのこと. The pattern is simply (dictionary form) + ことがある.
• 2「歌い」is the masu-stem (連用形) of 歌う. The masu-stem cannot directly precede ことがある; the dictionary form is required.
• 4「歌います」is the polite form. ことがあります requires the plain form 歌う before こと, not the polite form.

• 〜ことがあります — there are times when…; sometimes (I do something)
• 歌うたう — to sing

The correct answer is 1 「おちています」. 落ちる (おちる) is an intransitive verb meaning 'to fall / to drop.' お金が落ちています = 'Money is lying on the ground (has fallen and is in that state).' The subject marker が with the intransitive verb 落ちる and the 〜ている form (resultant state) correctly describes money that has fallen and is now lying there.

• 2「おちてあります」uses 〜てある, which is used with transitive verbs to express a deliberate action's resulting state. 落ちる is intransitive, so 〜てある cannot attach to it.
• 3「おとしています」uses 落とす (おとす), the transitive verb 'to drop (something).' With お金が as the subject (marked by が) and no agent performing the action, a transitive verb in 〜ている is grammatically mismatched here—the money didn't 'drop something.'
• 4「おとしてあります」uses the transitive verb 落とす with 〜てある, meaning 'someone has deliberately dropped (the money).' This is semantically absurd—no one intentionally drops money—and 〜てある implies intentional placement, which does not fit.

• 落おちる — to fall; to drop (intransitive)
• 落おとす — to drop (something); to let fall (transitive)
• 〜ている — (for verbs of change) resultant state: 'has fallen and is still there'
• 〜てある — resultant state of a deliberate transitive action: 'has been done (intentionally)'

The correct answer is 4 (しないよう). The pattern 〜ようにしてください means 'please make sure to do/not do ~'. With the negative, しないようにしてください means 'please make sure not to do exercise today.' The full sentence is 今日は運動をしないようにしてください。

• 1しないで means 'without doing' and connects clauses. It cannot be followed by にしてください.
• 2しない is the plain negative. しないにしてください is grammatically incorrect; に requires a noun-equivalent, and しない alone does not form the correct pattern.
• 3しなさそう means 'looks like (someone) won't do it.' しなさそうにしてください is not a valid grammatical construction.

• 〜ようにしてください — please make sure to ~ / please try to ~
• 運動うんどう — exercise

The correct answer is 2 (いく). The pattern 〜ていく means an action that continues from the present into the future. The sentence says 'Even after I graduate from school, I intend to continue studying Japanese (going forward).' つづけていくつもりだ = 'I intend to keep on continuing.'

• 1くる (〜てくる) indicates a change or action that has continued up to the present or moves toward the speaker. Here the focus is on continuing *after* graduation (into the future), so 〜ていく is more appropriate.
• 3いこう is the volitional form of いく. It cannot directly precede つもりだ, which already expresses intention.
• 4こよう is the volitional form of くる. Like option 3, it is grammatically incompatible with つもりだ.

• 〜ていく — to continue doing something from now on / into the future
• 卒業そつぎょう — graduation
• 続つづける — to continue

The correct answer is 1 (します). おとどけします is the humble (謙譲語) form of 届ける (to deliver). Since the subject is 私 ('I'), the humble form is appropriate: 'I will deliver the luggage next Monday.' The pattern is お + (verb stem) + します.

• 2なります: おとどけになります is the *honorific* (尊敬語) form, used when describing someone else's (superior's) action, not one's own. Since the subject is 私, this is incorrect.
• 3ください: おとどけください means 'please deliver,' which would be a request to someone else. It does not fit with 私が ('I will...').
• 4あります: お〜あります is a humble pattern for *state* (having something done), typically used with transitive verbs like 預ける or 用意する. It does not fit 届ける in this context.

• お〜します — humble form pattern: お + verb stem + します (謙譲語)
• 届とどける — to deliver, to send
• 荷物にもつ — luggage, baggage

The sentence means 'The spaciousness of my room is about the same as this room.' 広さ (ひろさ) is the noun form of the i-adjective 広い, created by replacing い with さ, meaning 'width / spaciousness / size.' It is needed because it is the subject marked by は and compared with 同じです.

• 2広い is the i-adjective itself and cannot directly precede は as a noun. The sentence requires a noun.
• 3広く is the adverbial/連用形 form and cannot be the subject of は.
• 4広くて is the て-form meaning 'wide and…,' which cannot function as a noun subject.

• 広ひろさ — spaciousness; width (noun form of 広い)
• 広ひろい — wide; spacious
• 大体だいたい — mostly; about

The sentence means 'Do you know whether Nakata-san was able to graduate from university?' かどうか is the embedded question pattern meaning 'whether or not,' used when the content of 知っていますか (do you know?) is a yes/no question. そつぎょうできたかどうか = 'whether (he) was able to graduate.'

• 1ように means 'so that / in order to' or 'like,' and does not embed a yes/no question under 知っていますか.
• 3だろうを is ungrammatical; だろう is a sentence-ending modal and cannot take を to attach to 知っていますか.
• 4ことが is incomplete here; ことができる means 'can do,' but そつぎょうできた already contains the potential, and ことが does not form an embedded question.

• 卒業そつぎょうできる — to be able to graduate
• 〜かどうか — whether or not
• 知しっていますか — do you know?

The sentence means 'The teacher has already gone home.' Since 先生 is a respected person, an honorific (尊敬語) verb is required. お帰りになりました is the standard honorific form: お + V-stem + になる. This correctly elevates the teacher's action of returning.

• 1お帰りいたしました is humble (謙譲語: お + V-stem + する), used for the speaker's own action. You cannot use humble language for the teacher's action.
• 2お帰りにしました is not a grammatical honorific form. にしました alone means 'decided on,' which is inappropriate here.
• 3お帰りされました uses the passive form as an honorific. While passive honorifics exist, the standard and expected N4-level answer is お + V-stem + になる (お帰りになりました). されました is not the target pattern.

• お〜になる — honorific pattern: respectful form of someone's action
• お帰りになる（おかえりになる） — to go/come home (honorific of 帰る)
• 先生せんせい — teacher (a person requiring respectful language)

The sentence means 'I washed my younger brother's shirt for him.' The subject is 私 (I), and the action (洗う) is done for the benefit of 弟 (younger brother). The pattern 〜てやる expresses doing a favor for someone (typically someone of equal or lower status, like a family member). 私が…洗ってやった = 'I washed (it) for him.'

• 2くれた means someone did a favor FOR the speaker. But here the subject is 私 (I), who is the one performing the action, not receiving it. This would mean 'someone washed my brother's shirt for me,' which contradicts 私が as the subject.
• 3くださった is the respectful form of くれる — someone of higher status did a favor for the speaker. Same problem as option 2: the subject is 私, who is doing the washing, not receiving the favor.
• 4いただけた is the humble/potential form of もらう — 'I received the favor of (someone) washing.' This would require the washer to be someone other than the speaker, but 私が marks the speaker as the one washing.

• やる — to do (a favor for someone of equal/lower status); humbler/casual equivalent of あげる
• くれる — someone does a favor for the speaker (toward the speaker)
• くださる — respectful form of くれる
• いただける — potential/humble form of もらう — 'can receive the favor of'

小川 is responding to a request from 大山 to pass a book to 山田先生. 小川 says 'わかりました' (understood) and will perform the action later (あとで). Since 小川 is humbly offering to do the action themselves, the humble form おわたしします (お + verb stem + します) is correct: 'あとでおわたしします' = 'I will pass it (to him) later.'

• 2おわたしになります is the RESPECTFUL form (お + stem + になります), used to describe someone ELSE's (higher-status) action. 小川 would not use this to describe their own action — it would be inappropriately elevating themselves.
• 3わたされます is the passive form of わたす. While passives can sometimes serve as humble language, this plain passive form sounds like 'it will be handed over' or 'I will be made to pass it,' which is unnatural in this context.
• 4わたしております uses おる (humble form of いる) with ている, meaning 'I have been passing it' or 'I have already passed it' (ongoing/completed state). But あとで (later) indicates a future action, so this tense is wrong.

• お〜する — humble form: お + verb stem + します — used when the speaker humbly performs an action for/related to a respected person
• お〜になる — respectful form: お + verb stem + になります — used to describe a respected person's action
• わたす — to hand over, to pass (something to someone)