N4 Grammar · Test 62

The correct answer is 4 (ならない). The pattern 〜ないと〜ない means 'unless ~, won't ~.' The sentence あの花は5月にならないと咲きません means 'That flower won't bloom unless it becomes May.' The と conditional connects ならない ('does not become') with 咲きません ('won't bloom'), forming the standard 'unless' construction.

• 1ならず is the literary/adverbial negative form (〜ずに = without doing). 5月にならずと咲きません is not grammatical in this context; 〜ずと is not a standard conditional pattern.
• 2ならなけれ is a truncated form of ならなければ (conditional negative). However, 〜なけれと is not a valid grammatical pattern — the conditional ば is required (ならなければ), and you cannot simply attach と to なけれ.
• 3ならなく is the て-form negative (ならなくて) without the て. 5月にならなくと咲きません is not grammatical. The 〜なくて pattern expresses reason/cause, not condition, and does not pair with と.

• 〜ないと〜ない — unless ~, won't ~
• 咲さく — to bloom
• なる — to become

The correct answer is 3 (待たされた). This is the causative-passive (使役受身) form of 待つ ('to wait'), meaning 'to be made to wait.' The formation: 待つ → 待たせる (causative) → 待たされる (causative-passive) → 待たされた (past tense). The sentence おなかがいたくて病院へ行ったら、1時間も待たされた means 'I had a stomachache and went to the hospital, and was made to wait for a whole hour.' The causative-passive expresses the speaker's feeling of being forced to endure the wait.

• 1待たれさせた is an incorrect hybrid form. It attempts to combine the passive 待たれる with the causative させる in the wrong order. The correct causative-passive is 待たされる, not 待たれさせる.
• 2待たせさせた is a double causative ('made someone make someone wait'), which is not the intended meaning. The speaker themselves was made to wait, not causing someone else to cause waiting.
• 4待たされられた is an over-formed, non-standard construction. It stacks the passive される onto the already causative-passive 待たされる, creating an ungrammatical form.

• 待またされる — to be made to wait (causative-passive of 待つ)
• 使役受身しえきうけみ — causative-passive form (being made/forced to do something)
• 待まつ — to wait

The correct answer is 1 (雨). The pattern なら attaches directly to the plain form of a word. For a noun like 雨 (あめ, rain), the conditional is simply 雨なら (あめなら), meaning 'if it rains.' The sentence means: 'If it rains tomorrow, I won't do the laundry.'

• 2雨だなら is incorrect. なら does not attach to だ; for nouns you drop だ and attach なら directly to the noun: 雨なら.
• 3雨のなら is incorrect. の is not used before なら in this conditional pattern.
• 4雨になら is incorrect. に is not the particle used with なら for this conditional meaning.

• 雨あめ — rain
• 洗濯せんたく — laundry, washing
• 〜なら — if (conditional, attaches to plain form)

The correct answer is 2 (寒い). The pattern ようだ (ようですね in polite form) means 'it seems/looks like.' Before ようだ, an い-adjective attaches in its plain form directly: 寒いようだ (さむいようだ), 'it seems cold.' The sentence means: 'It seems cold outside, doesn't it?'

• 1寒 (さむ) is the stem of the い-adjective without the い ending. It cannot directly modify ようだ; you need the full adjective form 寒い.
• 3寒く is the て-form (寒くて) without て, or the adverbial form. Before ようだ you need the plain adjective form 寒い, not the adverbial 寒く.
• 4寒いの is incorrect. の is unnecessary and ungrammatical here; the plain form 寒い attaches directly to ようだ.

• 外そと — outside
• 寒さむい — cold
• 〜ようだ — it seems like, it looks like

The correct answer is 2 (のぼろう). The pattern 〜(volitional)と思っています expresses the speaker's intention or plan: 'I intend to ~.' The volitional form of のぼる (to climb) is のぼろう. The sentence means: 'I intend to climb Mt. Fuji next month.'

• 1のぼり is the stem (ます-form) of the verb. 〜と思っています requires the volitional form, not the masu-stem.
• 3のぼった is the past tense. You cannot express intention with a past tense form before と思っています.
• 4のぼります is the polite non-past form. Before と in 〜と思っています, you need the plain volitional form (のぼろう), not the polite form.

• 来月らいげつ — next month
• 富士山ふじさん — Mt. Fuji
• 登のぼる — to climb
• 〜(volitional)と思っている（〜(volitional)とおもっている） — to intend to, to plan to

The correct answer is 3 (むずかし). The pattern is い-adjective stem + そう, meaning 'looks ~' / 'seems ~'. For い-adjectives, you drop the final い to form the stem: むずかしい → むずかし. Then むずかしそうな本 = 'a book that looks difficult'. The な makes it a pre-noun modifier. The sentence means: 'Professor Yamada is always reading a book that looks difficult.'

• 1むずかしい is the full い-adjective. You cannot attach そう directly to the full い-adjective form; you must drop い first (むずかし + そう).
• 2むずかしいの is the adjective + の. This does not work with そう; the stem must be used.
• 4むずかしく is the adverbial form (く-form). Attaching そう to the く-form is grammatically incorrect; そう attaches to the adjective stem (むずかし).

• 難むずかしい — difficult
• 〜そうな — looks ~, seems ~ (attached to adjective stem or verb stem); used to modify a noun

The correct answer is 1 (考えさせて). The pattern is V-させて + ください, meaning 'please let me ~' (a humble/request form using the causative). The verb 考える (to think) has the causative form 考えさせる, and its te-form is 考えさせて. So 考えさせてください = 'please let me think (about it)'. The sentence means: 'I can't reply right away, so please let me think a little.'

• 2考えさせられて is the passive-causative te-form ('being made to think and...'). This expresses being forced to do something, which does not fit the context of politely asking for time to think.
• 3考えたくて is the te-form of 考えたい ('want to think'). This expresses the speaker's desire, but it cannot connect to ください in this pattern. The correct pattern for requesting permission is させてください.
• 4考えたがって is the te-form of 考えたがる ('showing signs of wanting to think'), which is used to describe someone else's desire, not a request. It does not fit here.

• 考かんがえる — to think, to consider
• 〜させてください — please let me ~ (causative te-form + ください)
• 返事へんじ — reply, response

ため (ため／ために) expresses cause or reason. 'ゆきがたくさんふったため、しあいがちゅうしされた' means 'Because a lot of snow fell, the match was canceled.' The cause (heavy snow) directly resulted in the effect (cancellation).

• 1ほど means 'to the extent that' and is used for degree or proportion, not cause. 'ふったほど' does not logically connect to the result clause.
• 3より means 'than' and is used for comparison. There is nothing being compared here.
• 4ばかり means 'just' or 'only' (e.g., ふったばかり 'just finished falling'). It cannot express the causal relationship needed here.

• 雪ゆき — snow
• 降ふる — to fall (precipitation)
• 中止ちゅうしされる — to be canceled (passive of 中止する)
• ため — because of; due to (indicates cause/reason)

つもり means 'intention' or 'plan.' '何をするつもりですか' is the standard pattern for asking 'What do you plan/intend to do?' after graduating. V-る + つもりです = 'I plan to do V.'

• 1こと makes a noun clause: '何をすることですか' = 'What is the thing you will do?' While grammatically possible, it sounds unnatural and blunt in this context; つもり is the idiomatic choice for asking about future plans.
• 2たい is a desire auxiliary that attaches to the verb stem (V-ます stem). It would need to be したい, not するたい, so this form is grammatically incorrect.
• 3ほしい expresses the speaker's own desire for an object or action by someone else. '何をするほしいですか' is grammatically wrong; ほしい does not attach to V-る this way.

• 卒業そつぎょうする — to graduate
• つもり — intention; plan (V-る + つもりです = plan to do V)

ことを means 'that (fact).' The sentence means 'I didn't know that the bank's name had changed.' The pattern V-た + ことを + 知りませんでした is the standard way to say 'I didn't know that (clause) happened.' The object marker を marks the content of what was not known.

• 1ものを expresses regret or reproach ('if only I had...'). It does not fit with 知りませんでした in this context.
• 3ように with 知りませんでした would suggest 'as if I didn't know,' which changes the meaning entirely and is not a natural pattern here.
• 4のが can mark a nominalized clause as subject/topic, but with 知る (a transitive verb of cognition), を is the correct particle to mark the content known/not known. のが知りませんでした is grammatically awkward.

• かわる（変わる） — to change
• ことを — that (marks the content of what is known/not known, object of 知る)
• 知しりませんでした — did not know