N4 Grammar · Test 63

The correct answer is 1 (使わず). The pattern 〜ずに means 'without doing ~.' The negative stem ず is attached to the verb's あ-stem: 使わない → 使わず, then に follows: 使わずに (つかわずに), 'without using.' The sentence means: 'Can you read a Japanese newspaper without using a dictionary?'

• 2使わないに is incorrect. The pattern is ずに, not ないに. ない does not combine with に to mean 'without doing.'
• 3使わなくに is incorrect. なく is the adverbial/て-form of ない, but the correct pattern for 'without doing' is ずに, not なくに.
• 4使わなくてに is incorrect. なくて is the て-form of ない and cannot be followed by に in this pattern. The correct form is ずに.

• 辞書じしょ — dictionary
• 使つかう — to use
• 〜ずに — without doing ~ (negative + に)

The correct answer is 2 (話せる). The pattern 〜ように expresses a goal or purpose: 'so that ~ can happen.' Before ように, you use the potential form of the verb: 話せる (はなせる, can speak). The sentence means: 'I practice many times so that I can speak well.' 上手な (じょうずな, skillful/good at) modifies the overall idea of speaking skillfully.

• 1話し is the stem (ます-form) of 話す. While 話しように could be parsed as 'way of speaking,' the sentence is about practice for a purpose, which requires the potential form 話せるように ('so that I can speak').
• 3話そう is the volitional form. 〜ように does not take the volitional form; it takes the plain or potential form to express a target/goal.
• 4話される is the passive form. The passive form does not fit here; the intended meaning is 'so that I can speak well,' requiring the potential form 話せる.

• 上手じょうずな — skillful, good at
• 話はなす — to speak
• 話はなせる — can speak (potential form)
• 何度なんども — many times, repeatedly
• 練習れんしゅうする — to practice
• 〜ように — so that ~ (expresses purpose/goal)

The correct answer is 3 (きけんな). The pattern 〜ので (because) requires the plain form before it. For na-adjectives and nouns, the connector is な: きけんな + ので = きけんなので (きけんなので), 'because it is dangerous.' The sentence means: 'Because it is dangerous, you must not touch that machine.'

• 1きけん (without な) before ので is incorrect. Nouns and na-adjectives require な before ので: きけんなので.
• 2きけんに before ので is incorrect. に is not the connecting particle for ので; the correct connector is な.
• 4きけんだ before ので is incorrect. だ is not used before ので; the correct form replaces だ with な: きけんなので.

• 危険きけん — danger (na-adjective: dangerous)
• 機械きかい — machine
• 触さわる — to touch
• 〜てはいけない — must not do ~
• 〜ので — because (reason/cause)

The correct answer is 1 (開きます・あきます). The subject is ドアが (the door), marked by が as the thing that opens by itself. With intransitive 開きます, the sentence means 'When you press here, the door opens.' The 〜と conditional expresses a natural sequence: press → opens.

• 2開けます (あけます) is the transitive form meaning 'to open (something).' It requires a person to open the door as a direct object (ドアを開ける), but here ドア is marked by が, not を.
• 3開いています (あいています) is the intransitive verb in the 〜ている form, describing a state ('is open'). With 〜と ('when you press'), the sentence needs an event/action verb, not a state description.
• 4開けています (あけています) is the transitive verb in 〜ている form, meaning 'is opening (something).' Wrong for the same transitivity reason as option 2, and also describes an ongoing state rather than a result triggered by pressing.

• 開あく — to open (intransitive; doors, windows open by themselves)
• 開あける — to open (transitive; a person opens something)
• 押おす — to press, to push

The correct answer is 3 (こう). こう is an adverb meaning 'like this / in this way.' It directly modifies the verb やって: こうやって ('do it like this'). The full sentence means 'You play this game like this.'

• 1これ is a pronoun ('this') referring to a thing. It cannot directly modify a verb like やって. You would need これでやって ('do it with this') to use it grammatically.
• 2こちら means 'this way / this direction' or 'this person (polite).' While it can sometimes mean 'this way,' the natural adverb for 'in this manner' is こう, not こちら.
• 4こんな is a pre-noun adjectival ('such / this kind of') that modifies nouns, not verbs. こんなやって is ungrammatical; you would need こんなやり方で ('in this kind of way').

• こう — like this, in this way (adverb)
• 遊あそぶ — to play

だした (V-ます stem + だす) means 'started doing ~' with a nuance of something beginning suddenly or naturally. 'さわぎだした' = 'started making a fuss/noise.' Since the teacher wasn't coming, the students began to get rowdy.

• 1つづいた (continued) would attach as V-ます stem + つづける, but the correct form is さわぎつづけた (with け), not さわぎつづいた. Also, the context calls for 'started,' not 'continued.'
• 2はじまった is wrong because the auxiliary 'start to' attaches as V-ます stem + はじめる (さわぎはじめた), not はじまる (which is intransitive 'to begin' on its own).
• 3おわった (finished) does not fit the context — the students are just starting to make noise because the teacher hasn't arrived, not finishing.

• なかなか — with difficulty; not easily (here: なかなか来ない = won't come / is taking a long time to come)
• 騒さわぐ — to make noise; to make a fuss
• 〜出す（〜だす） — to start doing ~ (V-ます stem + だす)

ごあんないして is the humble form (謙譲語) of 案内する, using the pattern ご + 漢語 + する. The president is instructing the employee to guide the guest to his room. The employee would perform the humble action (guiding the guest), so the president uses this form as a directive: 'Please guide (them) to my room.' The して implies an omitted ください.

• 1ごあんないでした is past-tense polite (ご + noun + でした). It would mean 'It was a guide,' which makes no sense as a directive.
• 2ごあんないました is an incorrect form. There is no such pattern as ご + 漢語 + ました for humble speech; the correct humble form uses する (ご案内する).
• 4ごあんないになって would be an honorific (尊敬語) pattern (ご + 漢語 + になる), used to describe the guest's action respectfully. But the employee is the one guiding, so humble form is needed, not honorific.

• みえる（見える） — to arrive, to come (honorific for 来る)
• ごあんないする（ご案内する） — to guide, to show someone around (humble form of 案内する)
• しゃいん — company employee
• しゃちょう — company president

ところ means 'just about to / on the verge of.' The pattern V-る + ところ(なんだ) expresses that one is right at the point of doing something. The sentence means 'I'm just about to go eat—would you like to go together?' The なんですが softens the statement and leads into the invitation.

• 1ながら means 'while doing.' 食事に行くながら is ungrammatical—you cannot use ながら with a motion verb like 行く in this way.
• 2までに means 'by (a deadline).' 食事に行くまでに would mean 'by the time I go to eat,' which doesn't fit the context of inviting someone to come along now.
• 4ぐらい means 'about / to the extent of.' 食事に行くぐらい would mean 'something like going to eat,' which is semantically odd and doesn't convey the 'about to' meaning needed here.

• ところ — just about to (V-る + ところ = on the verge of doing)
• 食事しょくじ — meal, dining
• いかがですか — how about? (polite invitation)

あいだに (間に) means 'during/while.' The sentence means 'While I am studying abroad in Japan, I want to climb Mt. Fuji.' The pattern V-ている + あいだに expresses doing something within an ongoing period/state, which fits perfectly here.

• 2ところが means 'however' and is a conjunction used to introduce a contrasting sentence. It cannot connect inside this clause structure.
• 3まえに (前に) means 'before.' With V-ている it would mean 'before studying abroad,' which is semantically odd and doesn't match the intent of doing something during the stay.
• 4ことが cannot grammatically connect here. V-たことが is used for experience ('have done'), but V-ていることが does not fit this sentence pattern.

• りゅうがくする（留学する） — to study abroad
• あいだに（間に） — during, while (within a period)
• のぼる（登る） — to climb

はず (筈) means 'should be / expected to.' The sentence means 'Since I contacted him yesterday, Nakayama-san should also know.' The pattern V-ている + はずです expresses a logical expectation based on reasoning, which fits the 〜ので (since) clause perfectly.

• 1まま means 'as it is / leaving something in a state.' It does not express expectation and cannot follow 知って いる here.
• 3つもり means 'intention to do.' 知っているつもり would mean 'I intend to know,' which is unnatural for describing someone else's state of knowledge.
• 4ため means 'because / for the purpose of.' 知っているためです would mean 'because he knows,' which doesn't fit the context of expressing an expectation.

• れんらくする（連絡する） — to contact, to get in touch
• はず — should be, expected to (expresses logical expectation)
• つもり（積もり） — intention, plan to do