N4 Grammar · Test 65

The correct answer is 3 (ご説明いたします). The speaker says わたしから ('from me / I will'), so a humble (謙譲語) form is required. ご〜いたします is the humble pattern: ご + noun (with suru-verb stem) + いたします. ご説明いたします means 'I will humbly explain.'

• 1ご説明なさいます is honorific (尊敬語) used to describe the action of a respected person, not one's own action. Since the subject is わたし (myself), this is inappropriate.
• 2ご説明になります is also honorific (尊敬語) — ご + noun + になります — used for others' actions, not one's own.
• 4ご説明ございます is not a standard keigo form. ございます is a polite copula (humble/polite version of あります/です) and cannot directly attach to a suru-verb stem like 説明 in this way.

• ご〜いたします — humble form: I humbly do ~ (ご + suru-verb stem + いたします)
• ご説明（ごせつめい） — explanation (polite prefix)
• なさる — to do (honorific)
• 〜になります — honorific passive pattern for others' actions

The correct answer is 3 (いいですね。行きましょうか。). A invites B to go get coffee (コーヒーでも飲みに行きませんか). A natural positive response is いいですね ('That sounds good') followed by 行きましょうか ('Shall we go?'). This flows naturally as an acceptance of the invitation.

• 1いいですか ('Is it okay?') is asking for permission, which is an odd response to an invitation. 飲むでしょうか ('Shall I drink? / I wonder if I'll drink?') is unnatural here.
• 2そうなんです ('That's right / That's how it is') responds as if confirming a fact, not accepting an invitation. 飲みましょうか ('Shall we drink?') partially echoes the invitation but the overall flow is unnatural.
• 4そうですよ ('That's right, you know') also responds as if confirming a statement rather than accepting an invitation. 行くでしょうか ('I wonder if I'll go?') expresses uncertainty, which is not a natural acceptance.

• 〜でも — something like ~ (used to suggest casually)
• 行いきませんか — won't you go? (invitation)
• 行いきましょうか — shall we go?

A asks 'Whose book is that?' B replies 'さあ、だれのかわかりません' = 'Well, I don't know whose it is.' だれの + か = 'whose' embedded in わかりません ('I don't know'). This directly and naturally answers the question.

• 2さあ、本がどうかわかりません = 'Well, I don't know how the book is.' This does not answer 'whose is it?'
• 3いいえ、これは英語の本ではありません = 'No, this is not an English book.' This answers a question about the book's language, not about ownership.
• 4いいえ、これはだれのではありません is grammatically unnatural. 'This is not anyone's' does not make sense as a reply to 'whose is it?'

• だれの — whose (possessive of だれ)
• さあ — well... (used when one doesn't know)

A asks '日本に来て、どのぐらいですか' = 'How long has it been since you came to Japan?' This asks for a duration/length of time. B answers '2週間です' = 'Two weeks,' which is a duration and fits perfectly.

• 1先週です = 'Last week' — a point in time, not a duration. Does not answer 'how long.'
• 221さいです = 'I'm 21 years old' — answers an age question, not a duration.
• 411月18日です = 'November 18th' — a specific date, not a duration.

• どのぐらい — how long; how much (asking duration/amount)
• 週間しゅうかん — ~weeks (counter for weeks)

A asks 'Do you have an eraser?' B says 'Yeah, I have one. I'll lend it to you.' 貸してあげるよ = 'I'll lend it to you' (てあげる = doing a favor for someone else). This matches the context: B has the eraser and offers to lend it to A.

• 1もらうよ = 'I'll receive' — wrong direction; B is the one lending, not receiving.
• 3くれるね = '(you) give me' — くれる means someone gives to the speaker, wrong direction here.
• 4くださいね = 'please (do it for me)' — would mean B is asking A to lend, which contradicts the context.

• 貸かしてあげる — to lend (something) to someone (favor from speaker to listener)
• 消しゴム（けしゴム） — eraser
• 貸かす — to lend

A asks whether B takes a bath after eating. B answers「いいえ」(no), so B must do the opposite — bathe before eating. Option 1「ごはんのまえに入ります」(go-han no mae ni hairimasu, 'I get in the bath before meals') directly contradicts A's assumption and fits the 'no' response.

• 2「いつも一入で食べます」appears to mean 'I always eat alone,' which is irrelevant to the bathing-vs-eating order. (Note: '一入' is likely a transcription error for '一人'.)
• 3「食べたあとで入ります」(tabeta ato de hairimasu, 'I get in after eating') agrees with A's statement, so it cannot follow「いいえ」.
• 4「ごはんをたくさん食べません」(go-han o takusan tabemasen, 'I don't eat much') is unrelated to the question about the order of bathing and eating.

• 〜のまえに — before ~
• 〜のあとで — after doing ~

B explains that the train broke down at the previous station. A then connects this cause to the observed delay:「それで おくれているんですか」(sore de okurete iru n desu ka, 'So that's why it's running late?'). それで means 'so / that's why / because of that,' linking the reason to the result. B confirms with「ええ、そうです」.

• 1「もし」(moshi, 'if') is used for conditional/hypothetical statements and does not fit here.
• 2「どうして」(dōshite, 'why') would ask for the reason, but A has just heard the reason from B. Asking 'why' again would be unnatural.
• 4「けれども」(keredomo, 'but / however') expresses contrast, not cause-and-effect, so it does not connect the breakdown to the delay.

• それで — so; that's why; because of that
• こしょうする — to break down (of a machine)
• おくれる — to be delayed / to be late

Tanaka asks if he may exercise. The doctor replies「いいえ」(no), so the follow-up must be a prohibition.「しないでください」(shinaide kudasai, 'please don't do it') directly tells Tanaka not to exercise yet, matching the doctor's 'no.'

• 1「してください」(shite kudasai, 'please do it') tells Tanaka to exercise, contradicting「いいえ」.
• 2「してもいいですぐ」is ungrammatical — the trailing「ぐ」is anomalous. Even if read as「してもいいですか」('may I?'), it would be a question, not the doctor's answer, and would contradict「いいえ」.
• 3「しなくてもいいです」(shinakutemo ii desu, 'you don't have to') grants permission to skip exercise, not a prohibition. It is too soft and does not match the doctor's clear 'no.'

• 〜ないでください — please do not ~ (prohibition)
• 〜なくてもいいです — you don't have to ~ (permission to not do)
• ねつが下がる（ねつがさがる） — fever goes down

This is the same question as the preceding item (the underline length differs slightly but the content is identical). Kawada's response「はい、一度だけ。でも、うまくできませんでした。」indicates past experience, so「作ったことがありますか」(have you ever made ~?) is the correct question form.

• 1「作りたいです」asks about desire to make, not past experience — incompatible with the answer 'just once.'
• 2「作るでしょう」asks about future probability — does not match a past-experience response.
• 4「作ることができます」asks about ability — Kawada's answer about trying once and failing does not fit an ability question.

• 〜たことがある — have the experience of having done ~
• 一度いちど — once
• うまくできる — to turn out well

This is the same question as the preceding item (the underline length differs slightly but the content is identical). Kawada's response「はい、一度だけ。でも、うまくできませんでした。」indicates past experience, so「作ったことがありますか」(have you ever made ~?) is the correct question form.

• 1「作りたいです」asks about desire to make, not past experience — incompatible with the answer 'just once.'
• 2「作るでしょう」asks about future probability — does not match a past-experience response.
• 4「作ることができます」asks about ability — Kawada's answer about trying once and failing does not fit an ability question.

• 〜たことがある — have the experience of having done ~
• 一度いちど — once
• うまくできる — to turn out well