N5 Grammar · Test 39

The correct answer is 2 (なにで). B answers バスです ('By bus'), which indicates means of transportation. なにで means 'by what means / using what' and is the correct question word for asking about the method of going to school.

• 1なぜ means 'why' and asks for a reason. The answer would be a reason (e.g. だから), not a means of transportation.
• 3いつか means 'sometime' and is not a question word in this context. いつ (when) would be the question form, but the answer バスです does not answer a when-question.
• 4どこか means 'somewhere' and is not a question word here. どこ (where) would be the question form, but the answer バスです does not answer a where-question.

• なにで — by what means (asking about method/transportation)
• なぜ — why
• バス — bus

The correct answer is 1 (電話). The grammar pattern Noun＋中（ちゅう）means 'in the middle of ~ing / currently doing N.' 電話中（でんわちゅう）means 'on the phone / in the middle of a phone call.' A bare noun directly attaches to 中, so 電話 is correct: 山下さんは今、電話中です ('Yamashita is on the phone right now').

• 2電話の would produce 電話の中, meaning 'inside the phone,' which is nonsensical. の marks possession or description, not the ～中 pattern.
• 3電話する would produce 電話する中, which is grammatically invalid. The ～中 pattern requires a noun, not a verb.
• 4電話している would produce 電話している中, which is also grammatically invalid with the ～中 pattern. The correct way to express this idea with a verb would be 電話しています, not ～中です.

• ～中（ちゅう） — in the middle of ~; currently doing ~ (attaches to a noun)
• 電話（でんわ） — telephone; phone call
• 電話中でんわちゅう — on the phone (right now)

The correct answer is 4 (あとで). The pattern V-た + あとで means 'after doing ~'. Here, しけんがおわった (after the exam finishes) + あとで = 'after the exam is over.' The full sentence means 'I always go on a trip after the exam is over.'

• 1が is a subject marker and cannot follow おわった in this context to express 'after.' It would create an ungrammatical phrase.
• 2から attached to V-た (おわったから) means 'because ~ finished,' giving a reason/cause, not 'after.' This would change the meaning to 'because the exam is over, I go on a trip,' which is a different nuance and not the intended pattern.
• 3まえに means 'before,' which contradicts the sentence's logic. おわったまえに ('before finishing') is also ungrammatical because まえに attaches to the dictionary form (おわるまえに), not the past form.

• しけん — exam
• おわる（終わる） — to finish, to end
• りょこう — trip, travel
• あとで（後で） — after (doing something)

The correct answer is 2 (読んだり　して). The pattern 〜たり、〜たりしています means 'doing things like ~ and ~' (listing representative actions). The stem already has 聞いたり, and the sentence ends with います. Inserting 読んだりして gives 読んだりして + います = 読んだりしています, completing the pattern correctly. The sentence means 'On my days off, I do things like listening to music and reading books at home.'

• 1読んだり alone would produce 読んだりいます, which is ungrammatical. The たり pattern requires する (in some form) before います.
• 3読んでいて (te-form + いて) expresses a continuing state ('am reading and...'), which does not fit the 〜たり listing pattern already started by 聞いたり.
• 4読んでから means 'after reading,' which is a sequential action pattern and does not fit the 〜たり listing pattern already established by 聞いたり.

• 〜たり〜たりする — doing things like ~ and ~ (listing representative actions)
• おんがく — music
• よむ（読む） — to read

The correct answer is 1 (まだ). B is asked 'Have you eaten lunch?' and replies まだです ('Not yet'). A then says 'Then let's eat together,' which makes sense only if B has not yet eaten. まだです is the standard polite way to say 'not yet' in response to a question asking whether something has been done.

• 2もうです is not a natural Japanese response. もう ('already') would be used as もう食べました ('I already ate'), but もうです alone is ungrammatical in this context. Also, if B had already eaten, A would not suggest eating together.
• 3そうです means 'that's right' or 'it seems so,' which does not logically answer 'Have you eaten lunch?' and would not lead to A's suggestion to eat together.
• 4いいです can mean 'it's fine' or 'no thank you,' but as a response to 'Have you eaten?' it is unnatural and would not prompt A to say 'let's eat together.'

• まだ — not yet, still
• もう — already
• ひるごはん（昼ごはん） — lunch

The correct answer is 1. どなた is the polite form of だれ ('who'). On the phone, どなたですか means 'Who is speaking, please?' Nishikawa answers politely: 'Yes, that's right, but who is calling?'

• 2どの 人 means 'which person.' While it literally asks 'which person,' it is not the natural or polite way to ask someone's identity on the phone. どなた is the standard polite expression.
• 3だれが means 'who (subject marker)?' but だれがですか is grammatically incomplete and unnatural. You would need a verb (だれが来ましたか etc.).
• 4なにか means 'something.' なにかですか means 'Is it something?' which makes no sense in this context of asking who is calling.

• どなた — who (polite form of だれ)
• 電話でんわ — telephone
• もしもし — hello (used on the phone)

The correct answer is 2. どうしてですか means 'Why?' A's answer is バスのほうが安いからです ('Because the bus is cheaper'). The answer ends in からです, which gives a reason, so the question must be 'why.'

• 1どちらですか means 'Which one?' A already stated the choice (bus, not train), so asking 'which' does not fit. A's answer gives a reason, not a selection.
• 3どう しますか means 'What will you do?' A's answer gives a reason for the choice, not an action plan, so this does not fit.
• 4どこへ 行きますか means 'Where are you going?' A's answer explains why they chose the bus, not a destination, so this does not fit.

• どうして — why
• 電車でんしゃ — train (electric train)
• 安やすい — cheap; inexpensive
• 〜のほうが — ～ is more (used for comparison)

The correct answer is 3 (します). 南 is declining Yamashita's invitation to do homework together, saying she will do it after returning home: 「家に帰ってからします」= 'I'll do (it) after I go home.' します is the polite non-past form of する ('to do'), and here it refers back to doing the homework (しゅくだいをやる/する). The pattern 「〜てから」means 'after doing ~,' so 帰ってからします = 'after returning, I will do it.'

• 1います is the polite form of いる ('to be/exist' for animate things). It cannot be used to mean 'do' and doesn't fit the context of doing homework.
• 2あります is the polite form of ある ('to be/exist' for inanimate things). It expresses existence of objects, not an action like doing homework, so it doesn't fit.
• 4終わります means 'will finish.' While one could say 帰ってから終わります, the natural meaning here is 'I'll do it after going home,' not 'I'll finish it.' 南 hasn't started the homework yet, so saying she'll 'finish' it is unnatural in this context.

• しゅくだい — homework
• 帰かえる — to return / to go home
• 〜てから — after doing ~
• する（します（polite）） — to do

The correct answer is 2 (に して ください). This is a food-ordering pattern: 「〜にしてください」= 'Please make it ~' / 'I'll have ~.' Nishikawa chooses salt ramen from the options offered, so 「しおラーメンにしてください」= 'Please make it salt ramen / I'll have the salt ramen.' The structure is 〜にする ('to choose/decide on ~') + してください ('please do').

• 1に ください is grammatically incomplete. The verb する is missing; に alone cannot connect to ください in this way.
• 3が おねがいです uses the wrong particle. The correct ordering phrase would be 「〜をおねがいします」with を, not が. Also, おねがいです is less standard than おねがいします for ordering.
• 4が おねがいします also uses the wrong particle が. The correct form would be 「しおラーメンをおねがいします」with を marking the item being requested.

• しょうゆラーメン（醤油ラーメン） — soy sauce ramen
• しおラーメン（塩ラーメン） — salt ramen
• 〜にする — to choose/decide on ~
• 〜てください — please do ~