N5 Grammar · Test 38

The correct answer is 3 (まだ). まだ means 'yet/still.' ケン answers 'いいえ、まだです。来週 始まります。' = 'No, not yet. It starts next week.' まだです is a common short response meaning 'not yet,' which perfectly fits the context where classes have not started and will begin next week.

• 1よく: よく means 'often' or 'well.' 'よくです' is not grammatical in this context and does not convey 'not yet.'
• 2もう: もう means 'already.' 'もうです' is not natural, and more importantly, もう would imply the classes have already started, contradicting 'いいえ' and '来週始まります.'
• 4ちょっと: ちょっと means 'a little' or 'a bit.' 'ちょっとです' does not convey the meaning of 'not yet' and is unnatural as a response to '始まりましたか.'

• まだ — yet, still (まだです = not yet)
• もう — already
• よく — often, well
• ちょっと — a little, a bit
• 始はじまる — to begin, to start
• 来週らいしゅう — next week

The correct answer is 2 (また). また means 'again.' The doctor says: 'Take medicine for one week starting today, and come again next Monday.' また来てください = 'please come again.' This fits perfectly: the patient is being told to return for a follow-up visit.

• 1あまり: あまり means 'not much/not very' (used with negatives) or 'too much.' It does not convey 'again' and does not fit the instruction to return.
• 3たくさん: たくさん means 'a lot/many.' 'たくさん来てください' would mean 'please come a lot,' which is unnatural in a medical follow-up context.
• 4だんだん: だんだん means 'gradually.' 'だんだん来てください' is unnatural and does not convey the intended meaning of returning for another visit.

• また — again
• あまり — not very (with negative) / too much
• たくさん — a lot, many
• だんだん — gradually, little by little
• 一週間いっしゅうかん — one week
• 薬くすり — medicine
• 来週らいしゅう — next week

The pattern 〜ながら (while doing ~) attaches to the V-ます stem (the form before ます). For the verb 飲む (to drink), the stem is 飲み, giving 飲みながら (while drinking). The sentence means 'My father reads the newspaper while drinking coffee every morning.'

• 2飲む is the dictionary form. ながら cannot attach directly to the dictionary form; it requires the ます-stem.
• 3飲んで is the て-form. It is used for sequential actions or requests, not with ながら.
• 4飲んだ is the past tense. ながら never attaches to the past form.

• ながら — while doing ~ (attaches to V-ます stem)
• 飲のむ — to drink
• 毎朝まいあさ — every morning
• 新聞しんぶん — newspaper

The sentence describes a past state using the pattern for negative past of a na-adjective: 好きじゃありませんでした (was not liked / did not like). The stem already ends with でした, so the blank needs じゃありません, forming 好きじゃありませんでした. The sentence means 'When I was small, I did not like nattō.'

• 1ない is the plain negative ending for i-adjectives and verbs. It cannot follow the na-adjective 好き, and '好きないでした' is ungrammatical.
• 2じゃない is the plain negative of na-adjectives, but '好きじゃないでした' is ungrammatical — the polite past requires じゃありませんでした, not mixing plain じゃない with polite でした.
• 3ありません is the polite negative, but '好きありませんでした' is ungrammatical. The correct negative form of a na-adjective requires じゃ (or では) before ありません.

• 好すき — liked / fond of (na-adjective)
• なっとう — nattō (fermented soybeans)
• じゃありませんでした — was not (polite past negative of na-adjective/noun)

At a shop, the customer is requesting two strawberry cakes. The pattern (quantity) + ください means 'please give me (quantity).' 二つください = 'please give me two.' This is the standard polite way to request items at a store.

• 1どうぞ means 'here you go / please (take this)' and is used when offering/giving something to someone, not when requesting something from the shop staff.
• 3ありますか means 'do you have?' and would be used to ask whether cakes exist/in stock (いちごのケーキはありますか). It does not fit after a quantity like 二つ in a request.
• 4ほしいですか means 'do you want?' — this would be asking the shop staff if they want something, which is the opposite of the customer's intent.

• ください — please give me (used to request an item/quantity)
• いちご — strawberry
• ケーキ — cake
• 二ふたつ — two (counter for general items)
• いらっしゃいませ — welcome (shop greeting to customers)

The mother says 'Oh, let's wash our hands before eating.' The pattern (verb dictionary form) + まえに (mae ni) = 'before doing (verb).' With a verb, you use まえに directly: 食べるまえに. The の is NOT inserted when the preceding word is a verb.

• 2のまえに (no mae ni) is used after a NOUN (e.g., 食事のまえに), not after a verb form like 食べる.
• 3あとに (ato ni) means 'after,' which gives the opposite meaning ('after eating') — wrong context.
• 4のあとに (no ato ni) is also 'after' (used with nouns) and gives the opposite meaning.

• まえに — before (used after a verb dictionary form)
• のまえに — before (used after a noun)
• あとに — after
• いただきます — expression said before eating

B says 'Yes, it does. But last year it didn't snow much.' あまり (amari) + negative = 'not much.' Since the topic is きょねん (last year), the verb must be in the past negative form: ふりませんでした (did not fall/snow). あまりふりませんでした = 'it didn't snow much.'

• 2ふりません is present/negative ('doesn't snow'), but きょねん requires past tense.
• 3ふりました is past affirmative ('it snowed'), which contradicts あまり (which requires a negative).
• 4ふります is present affirmative ('it snows'), wrong for both tense and polarity with あまり.

• あまり — not much (with negative); very (with affirmative)
• きょねん — last year
• ふります — to fall (rain/snow)
• 雪ゆき — snow

Option 4, およいでいます, is the て-form of およぐ (およいで) plus います, expressing an ongoing action or state visible right now. A is looking at the river and saying 'Look, lots of small fish are swimming.' Since she can see the fish swimming at that moment, the progressive ています form is the natural choice. The sentence-ending particle よ adds the nuance of sharing something noteworthy.

• 1およぎます is the plain non-past (masu-form) of およぐ. While not grammatically impossible, it states a general fact ('fish swim') rather than describing what is happening right now before the speaker's eyes. In this context of pointing something out visually, ています is far more natural.
• 2およぎません is the negative masu-form ('the fish do not swim / are not swimming'). This contradicts the situation entirely — A is pointing out fish she can see swimming.
• 3およぎました is the past tense ('the fish swam'). A is observing the fish at the present moment ('見てください'), so past tense does not fit.

• およぐ — to swim
• およいでいます — is swimming (て-form + います, ongoing action/state)
• 〜ぴき（〜びき） — counter for small animals/fish (here 30ぴき = 30 fish, with rendaku ぴき)

Option 2, もらいました, means 'received.' The pattern 〜に〜をもらう means 'to receive (something) from (someone).' Yamada says 'いえ、これは兄に（もらいました）' — 'No, I received it from my older brother.' This directly answers Nakagawa's question 'Where did you buy it?' by explaining he did not buy it; he received it from his brother. The particle に marks the source/person from whom something is received.

• 1あげました means 'gave.' With 兄にあげました it would mean 'I gave (it) to my older brother,' which is the opposite direction of transfer. Yamada has the camera, so he received it, not gave it away.
• 2もらいました is the correct answer.
• 3うりました means 'sold.' 兄にうりました would mean 'I sold (it) to my brother,' which contradicts the fact that Yamada currently has and is using the camera.
• 4かいました means 'bought.' Nakagawa already asked where Yamada bought it, and Yamada begins with いえ ('No'), so he is denying that he bought it. Repeating かいました would contradict his own いえ.

• もらう — to receive (something from someone); 〜に〜をもらう = to receive ~ from ~
• あげる — to give (something to someone)
• 兄あに — older brother (humble/neutral reference to one's own older brother)

Option 4, 何かで, means 'by means of something / in something.' The sentence reads: たまごりょうりのじょうずな作りかたを何かで読みました — 'I read (about) a good way to make egg dishes in something (e.g., a book, magazine, or website).' The particle で indicates the medium or means by which the reading was done, and 何か ('something') leaves the specific source unspecified. Together 何かで = 'in/with/by means of something.'

• 1何に uses the particle に, which typically marks a destination, target, or point in time. With 読む it does not naturally express the medium or source of reading, so 何に読みました is ungrammatical in this context.
• 2何も means 'nothing' and with a positive verb like 読みました it is ungrammatical — 何も requires a negative predicate (e.g., 何も読みませんでした = 'I read nothing'). It cannot mean 'something' here.
• 3何かへ uses へ (directional particle 'towards'). 何かへ読みました does not make sense — へ does not mark the medium or instrument of reading.

• 何なにか — something
• 〜で — particle indicating means/instrument/medium (by means of ~, in ~)
• 作つくりかた — way of making; how to make (作る + かた = method of doing)