N5 Grammar · Test 52

しごとが あります means 'I have work.' When declining an invitation, 'ちょっと' (a little/bit) followed by a reason such as 'しごとがあります' is the standard polite way to refuse. 'あしたはちょっとしごとがあります' means 'Tomorrow I have work (so I can't).' This is the natural and correct response.

• 2時間が いいです means 'The time is good,' which does not make sense as a response to a movie invitation. It neither declines nor accepts the invitation properly.
• 3えいがが あります means 'There is a movie,' which is nonsensical as a reason for declining. A invited B to see a movie, so saying 'there is a movie' does not function as an excuse.
• 4いっしょに いいです means 'Together is good,' which is grammatically awkward and does not convey a refusal. It seems to agree rather than decline, contradicting the 'ちょっと' hesitation pattern.

• 仕事しごと — work, job
• ちょっと — a little, a bit (used to soften a refusal)
• 時間じかん — time
• いっしょに — together

こちら means 'this way' or 'here' and is used to indicate a location or direction politely. '先生のへやはこちらです' means 'The teacher's room is this way/here.' This is the correct and natural response when directing someone to a location.

• 1その means 'that' (near the listener) and is a pre-noun adjectival (連体詞) that must modify a noun (e.g., そのへや 'that room'). It cannot stand alone as a predicate complement before です.
• 2どんな means 'what kind of' and also requires a following noun (e.g., どんなへやですか 'What kind of room is it?'). It cannot be used alone before です in this sentence.
• 4どうして means 'why' and is a question word. '先生のへやはどうしてです' is ungrammatical and nonsensical in this context.

• こちら — this way, here (polite)
• その — that (near listener)
• どんな — what kind of
• どうして — why

The counter 本 (ほん) undergoes sound changes when preceded by 一. The correct form is いっぽん (one long, thin object). The numeral 一 (いち) triggers gemination (促音便) of the following consonant, changing ほ to ぽ, producing いっぽん. 'えんぴつがいっぽんあります' means 'There is one pencil.'

• 2いちほん lacks the required sound change. While 一本 is written with these kanji, the reading must change to いっぽん due to 促音便 (gemination). Saying いちほん is incorrect.
• 3いっぼん has the gemination (っ) but uses the wrong voicing. ぼん (with dakuten on ほ) is incorrect; the correct reading is ぽん (with handakuten), not ぼん.
• 4いちぼん has neither the gemination nor the correct voicing. It combines the wrong base reading (いち) with the wrong consonant (ぼ). This is entirely incorrect.

• 一本いっぽん — one long, thin object (counter for pencils, bottles, etc.)
• えんぴつ — pencil
• 促音便そくおんびん — gemination/sound change producing っ

そうですか is the natural response when Yan hears about Ooyama's birthday party plans. It functions as an acknowledgment showing interest: 'Is that so? / That's nice to hear.' After Ooyama describes his celebrations (cake, dance, restaurant with family), Yan responds with this conversational reaction, which then leads Ooyama to mention his upcoming trip to America.

• 1そうでした means 'That's how it was' (past-tense confirmation). Yan is not confirming a past fact; he is reacting to new information, so this doesn't fit.
• 3そうしましょう means 'Let's do that' — a proposal to do something together. Yan is not proposing any action here, so this is inappropriate.
• 4そうします means 'I'll do that' — agreeing to carry out some action. No action was requested of Yan, so this doesn't fit.

• そうですか — Is that so? / I see. (conversational acknowledgment)
• もしもし — Hello? (used when answering/starting a phone call)

じゃあ means 'then' or 'in that case.' Yan has just heard that Ooyama is coming to America next month and wants to meet. Yan says 'Really? Then (じゃあ) please call me when that time comes.' じゃあ naturally connects the new information to Yan's follow-up request.

• 2たぶん means 'maybe / perhaps.' This expresses uncertainty, which doesn't fit — Yan is excited and certain about wanting Ooyama to call.
• 3どうも is used for 'very much' (e.g., どうもありがとう) or as a vague greeting/thanks. It doesn't connect the sentences logically here.
• 4あれから means 'since then / after that,' referring to a past event. The context is about a future meeting, not something that already happened.

• じゃあ — then / in that case (colloquial contraction of では)
• そのとき — at that time / when that time comes

Yan called Ooyama to wish him a happy birthday: '大山さん、おたんじょうび、おめでとうございます。' Option 4, '大山さんのたんじょうびだから電話しました' (called because it was Ooyama's birthday), captures this reason. Despite the likely missing だ in the transcription (たんじょうびから should be たんじょうびだから), this is clearly the intended correct answer.

• 1This says Yan called because he wanted to meet Ooyama. While Yan does express interest in meeting, that topic only arises later in the conversation after Ooyama mentions his trip. The call was initiated for the birthday greeting.
• 2This says Yan called because Ooyama is going to America. Ooyama's trip is mentioned during the call as new information, not the reason for calling.
• 3This says Yan called because Ooyama was having a party. The party is discussed during the call, but it was not the reason Yan called — the birthday greeting was.

• たんじょうび — birthday
• おめでとうございます — Congratulations / Happy (birthday, New Year, etc.)

The pattern V-て + から means 'after doing X, then...' Here, 'after looking at the dictionary, I write the kanji.' The て-form 見て is correct: じしょを見てから 'after looking at the dictionary.'

• 1見る is the dictionary form. Before から in this pattern you need the て-form, not the dictionary form.
• 3見に is the 連用形 + に, used for purpose (e.g., 見に行く 'go to see'). It is not used before から in this sequential pattern.
• 4見ない is the negative form. 'After NOT looking at the dictionary' does not fit the context of checking a dictionary before writing kanji.

• 辞書じしょ — dictionary
• 見みる — to look, to see
• 漢字かんじ — kanji, Chinese characters
• 〜てから — after doing ~, then...

The pattern V-ます stem + ながら means 'while doing X.' The stem of 食べる is 食べ, so 食べながら means 'while eating.' The sentence says 'Please don't talk while eating.'

• 2食べる is the dictionary form. ながら attaches to the V-ます stem (ren'yōkei), not the dictionary form.
• 3食べた is the past form. ながら does not attach to the past form.
• 4食べて is the て-form. ながら does not attach to the て-form; it requires the V-ます stem.

• 食たべる — to eat
• 話はなす — to speak, to talk
• 〜ながら — while doing ~