N5 Grammar · Test 55

きれい is a な-adjective (na-adjective). The past tense of a な-adjective is formed by dropping だ and adding だった: きれいだった. So 公園の花はとてもきれいだった means 'The flowers in the park were very beautiful.'

• 2きれかった is wrong. きれい is a な-adjective, not an い-adjective, so it does not conjugate as 〜かった. The correct past form is きれいだった.
• 3きれくなかった is wrong. This incorrectly treats きれい as an い-adjective (like むずかしくなかった). The correct negative past is きれいじゃなかった.
• 4きれくないだった is wrong. This mixes い-adjective conjugation (〜くない) with だった, which is ungrammatical for な-adjectives.

• きれい（な） — beautiful, pretty (な-adjective)

The sentence ends with なかったです, the negative past of an い-adjective. The い-adjective むずかしい (difficult) must first be changed to its adverbial/stem form むずかしく before attaching ない. So むずかしくなかったです means 'was not difficult'. The blank needs むずかしく.

• 1むずかし is just the stem without the needed 〜く. It cannot directly attach to なかった.
• 2むずかしい is the plain い-adjective form. You cannot say むずかしいなかった; the い must change to く before ない.
• 3むずかしくて is the te-form, used for listing reasons or sequential actions, not for forming the negative past.

• 難むずかしい — difficult (い-adjective)
• 〜くない — negative form of い-adjective

The pattern 「〜たあとで」(after doing something) requires the past tense (た形) of the verb. ねた is the past tense of ねる (to sleep). So こどもがねたあとで means 'after my child went to sleep'.

• 1ねる is the dictionary form. 「〜るあとで」is incorrect; the pattern requires the た-form (past tense).
• 3ねて is the te-form. 「〜てあとで」is not the correct pattern; you need 〜たあとで.
• 4ねます is the polite (ます) form. You cannot place a ます-form verb directly before あとで.

• 寝ねる — to sleep
• 〜たあとで — after doing ~

きょねん (last year) indicates past tense. あたたかい (warm) is an い-adjective. The past tense of an い-adjective is formed by changing 〜い to 〜かった, and with です it becomes あたたかかったです. So きょねんのふゆはあたたかかったです means 'Last winter was warm.'

• 1あたたかいです is the present tense. Since the sentence refers to きょねん (last year), the past tense is required.
• 2あたたかいだった is ungrammatical. い-adjectives do not take だった; that pattern is for な-adjectives and nouns. The correct past is あたたかかった.
• 4あたたかくでした is ungrammatical. The 〜く form is the adverbial stem, which cannot be followed by でした in this way.

• 暖あたたかい — warm (い-adjective)
• 去年きょねん — last year

Option 4 (小さくて) is correct. To connect two i-adjectives in a single sentence ('small and light'), you use the te-form of the first adjective. The te-form of the i-adjective 小さい (chiisai) is 小さくて (chiisakute). The sentence means: 'My older brother's new camera is small and light.'

• 1小さいくて is an incorrect okurigana form. The い is dropped before くて, not kept. This is a deliberate distractor that looks plausible to beginners.
• 2小さいで is wrong. で is the te-form of na-adjectives/nouns, not i-adjectives. i-adjectives use 〜くて.
• 3小さいと is wrong. と is a conditional/quotation particle, not a conjunction meaning 'and' for adjectives.

• 小ちいさい — small (i-adjective)
• 軽かるい — light (i-adjective)
• 兄あに — older brother

The sentence means 'When I was a child, I didn't like vegetables.' 好き（すき） is a na-adjective, so its polite negative past form is 好きではありませんでした. Option 1 fits perfectly: 子どものときやさいがすきではありませんでした.

• 2くなかったです is the negative past ending for i-adjectives (e.g., たかくなかったです). 好き is a na-adjective, so this ending is grammatically wrong here.
• 3はなかったです does not form a correct na-adjective negation. 好きはなかったです is ungrammatical in this context.
• 4ではない is present-tense negative, but the sentence refers to childhood (past), so the tense is wrong.

• 好すき — liked; fond of (na-adjective)
• やさい — vegetable
• 子こども — child

The sentence means 'Who is the person who will take a day off next week?' A verb in a relative clause modifying a noun must be in plain form. Since 来週 (next week) indicates a future action, the plain non-past form 休む is correct: 来週休む人はだれですか.

• 1休み is the stem (連用形) of 休む and cannot directly modify the noun 人 in this pattern.
• 3休んで is the te-form, which cannot be used to modify a noun in a relative clause.
• 4休んだ is the plain past form. Since the sentence refers to next week (future), past tense is inappropriate.

• 来週らいしゅう — next week
• 休やすむ — to take a day off; to rest
• 人ひと — person

The sentence means 'On Saturdays, I do things like taking walks and practicing guitar.' The pattern 〜たり〜たりする lists representative actions. さんぽする → さんぽしたり and れんしゅうする → れんしゅうしたり, giving さんぽしたりギターをれんしゅうしたりします.

• 2しったり is an incorrect conjugation with an extra small っ. The correct たり-form of する is したり.
• 3して/して is the te-form pattern, which would mean 'do A and do B' sequentially, not the 'do things like A and B' listing pattern.
• 4しいて/しいて is not a valid conjugation of する.

• 散歩さんぽ — walk; stroll
• 練習れんしゅう — practice
• 〜たり〜たりする — do things such as ... and ...

The sentence means 'Yesterday, nobody came.' The word だれも (nobody) requires a negative predicate. 来ませんでした is the polite negative past form of 来る, so きのうはだれも来ませんでした is correct.

• 2来ました is affirmative ('came'), which cannot be used with だれも. だれも来ました is ungrammatical.
• 3来たです is grammatically invalid. The plain past form 来た cannot be followed directly by です.
• 4来ないでした is an incorrect negative form. The proper polite negative past is 来ませんでした.

• だれも — nobody (with negative predicate)
• 来くる — to come
• きのう — yesterday