N1 Grammar · Test 27

The correct answer is 3: 次第では. The pattern N次第では means 'depending on N.' 復旧状況次第では = 'depending on the restoration situation.' The notice says that depending on how the restoration goes, reopening may be delayed. This is the correct usage for expressing that an outcome varies based on circumstances.

• 1次第では — This option is identical to option 3 (see issues). If it were 次第には (a common distractor), it would be ungrammatical — 〜次第には is not a valid pattern.
• 2次第に ('gradually / little by little') is an adverb describing gradual change. 復旧状況次第に doesn't work grammatically — you cannot attach 次第に to a noun like this.
• 4次第 alone (without では) is used in the pattern V-ます次第 ('as soon as V'), e.g., 分かり次第. 復旧状況次第 alone doesn't convey 'depending on' — では is needed to express 'depending on the situation.'

• 〜次第では（〜しだいでは） — depending on ~; the outcome may vary based on ~
• 次第しだいに — gradually, little by little
• 〜次第（〜しだい） — as soon as (after V-ます stem); depending on (after noun + では)
• 断水だんすい — water outage, suspension of water supply
• 休止きゅうし — suspension, cessation

The correct answer is 4. The pattern 〜ては困る means 'it would be troublesome if (X happens).' Here, 他人に知られては困る means 'it would be troublesome if others found it out.' 知られる is the passive form of 知る ('to know'), meaning 'to be found out / to be known by someone.' The full sentence means: 'Information like credit card numbers that would be troublesome if others found it out — it's better not to write it in emails.'

• 1知っていても means 'even if (someone) knows.' This uses the active verb and the 〜ても ('even if') pattern, which does not connect properly with 困る to express the desired 'it would be troublesome if...' meaning. The sentence needs the passive voice to express 'being found out by others.'
• 2知っていなくても means 'even if (someone) doesn't know.' This is the opposite of what the sentence requires and also uses the wrong 〜ても pattern instead of 〜ては.
• 3知らなくては is an incomplete/awkward form. 知らなくて is the negative て-form of 知る, and adding は does not create a grammatical pattern that fits here. It does not produce the 'if X happens, it's troublesome' meaning needed.

• 知しられる — to be known, to be found out (passive of 知る)
• 〜ては困る（〜てはこまる） — it would be troublesome if ~ happens
• 他人たにん — others, strangers

The correct answer is 2. 〜というものではない means 'it is not necessarily the case that...' or 'it's not simply a matter of...'. The sentence means: 'Work is about how to achieve results within the allotted time, and I think it's not simply a matter of putting in time and trying hard.' 単に時間をかけてがんばればいいというものではない captures this perfectly: 'it's not simply that trying hard is enough.'

• 1がんばることだといってもおかしくない means 'it wouldn't be strange to say that trying hard is the thing to do.' This contradicts the sentence's point, which is that simply trying hard is NOT sufficient.
• 3がんばることでしかない means 'it is nothing but trying hard.' This also contradicts the sentence, which argues that results within the time limit matter more than mere effort.
• 4がんばりようがない means 'there is no way to try hard / there's no way to make an effort.' This doesn't fit the context at all — the speaker is discussing the value of effort, not saying effort is impossible.

• 〜というものではない — it is not necessarily the case that ~; it's not simply that ~
• 単たんに — simply, merely
• いかに — how (to what extent/manner)

The correct answer is 1. The subject is 海底のより詳細な地質構造が ('the more detailed geological structure of the seafloor'), which requires the intransitive form 明らかにになる ('to become clear'). なるものと思われる means 'it is thought that it will become (clear),' which fits the formal, objective tone and the future-oriented context (いずれ近いうちに = 'in the near future'). The full sentence means: 'Currently, research using submersible survey vessels is in progress, and it is thought that the more detailed geological structure of the seafloor will become clear in the near future.'

• 2するという思いがある means 'there is a feeling that (someone) will make (it) clear.' する is the transitive form of 明らかにする, which would require a human agent as the subject, not 地質構造が. Also, という思いがある is too subjective/personal for this formal academic writing style.
• 3なったかに思える means 'it seems as though it might have become clear.' The past tense なった contradicts the future context set by いずれ近いうちに ('in the near future'). The research is still in progress, so the structure has not yet been clarified.
• 4するだろうと思う means 'I think (someone) will make (it) clear.' Again, する is transitive and doesn't match 地質構造が as the subject. Additionally, と思う is too direct and personal for the formal, impersonal tone of this passage.

• 明あきらかにする — to make clear, to clarify (transitive)
• 明あきらかになる — to become clear, to be clarified (intransitive)
• 〜ものと思われる（〜ものとおもわれる） — it is thought that ~; it appears that ~ (formal, objective)
• 潜水調査船せんすいちょうさせん — submersible survey vessel
• 進展中しんてんちゅう — in progress, advancing

The correct answer is 4. 辞めさせてもらおうかと思って means 'I was thinking of asking to be allowed to quit.' This uses the causative-passive structure: 辞める → 辞めさせる ('let/make someone quit') → 辞めさせてもらう ('receive the favor of being allowed to quit'). This is a humble, polite way for Yamashita to announce her intention to leave the club. The volitional + と思って ('I was thinking of ~') softens the statement. Nishimura's surprised response ('What? You're quitting?') confirms that Yamashita is announcing her own departure.

• 1辞めてしまわれたのでしょうか means 'Did (someone honorable) end up quitting?' This uses the honorific 〜れて form, which would refer to someone else (a respected person), not to oneself. Yamashita is talking about her own departure, so this is inappropriate.
• 2辞めてしまったのかと思って means 'I was thinking that maybe (someone) quit.' This expresses a thought about someone else having already quit, not an announcement of one's own intention. It doesn't fit the conversational context where Yamashita is informing Nishimura of her decision.
• 3辞めさせたらどうでしょうか means 'How about letting (someone) quit?' / 'Why don't you let (someone) quit?' This is a suggestion directed at someone else, not a statement of one's own intention. It doesn't fit the context of Yamashita announcing her own departure.

• 〜させてもらう — to be allowed to do ~; to receive permission to do ~ (causative + もらう)
• 〜（よ）うかと思って（〜（よ）うかとおもって） — I was thinking of ~ing (volitional + か + と思って, softens the statement)
• サークル — club, circle (university activity group)

「～てからでは遅い」is a fixed pattern meaning 'once (something) has happened, it is too late (to act).' The sentence says: ocean acidification has been confirmed near Japan, and once a major impact has appeared, it will be too late—so urgent countermeasures are needed. 出てからでは遅い = 'once the impact has appeared, it's too late,' which fits perfectly.

• 1「出たせいなのかは」combines せい (negative cause: 'because of') with なのかは (whether). This produces 'whether it's because of the impact,' which is both grammatically awkward and semantically wrong—it doesn't connect to 遅い to mean 'it would be too late.'
• 2「出てしまうかは」combines ～てしまう (completion with regret) with かは (whether). 'Whether the impact will end up appearing' does not form a coherent phrase with 遅い and doesn't express the needed 'too late' meaning.
• 3「出たばかりでは」means 'just because it has only just appeared.' ばかりでは is used to say 'just doing X is not enough' (e.g., 文句を言うばかりではダメ). It does not produce the 'once X happens, it's too late' meaning required here.

• ～てからでは遅い（～てからではおそい） — once [something] has happened, it is too late (to do anything about it)
• ～せい — because of ~ (used for negative causes; placing blame)
• ～てしまう — to do something completely; to end up doing (often with regret)
• ～ばかりでは — just doing ~ is not enough; merely ~ won't suffice

Option 2「ともいうべき」means 'worthy of being called' or 'that one might even call.' The phrase「象徴ともいうべき存在」= 'an existence worthy of being called a symbol' fits perfectly: the skyscraper has become something that could truly be described as the symbol of Country A's rapid growth. 「～ともいうべきN」is an N1-level expression used to emphasize that something truly deserves a certain label.

• 1「にするべく」means 'in order to make (it) ~,' expressing purpose. It does not connect naturally with 象徴 and 存在 here; the sentence would mean 'in order to make it a symbol-like existence,' which is grammatically and semantically awkward in this context.
• 3「があるらしい」means 'there seems to be ~.' Inserted after 象徴 it produces '象徴があるらしい存在,' which is ungrammatical and nonsensical — you cannot modify 存在 this way.
• 4「でもなるような」is awkward and unidiomatic. '象徴でもなるような存在' would vaguely mean 'an existence that might become something like a symbol,' but this phrasing is not natural Japanese and does not convey the emphatic nuance the sentence requires.

• ともいうべき — worthy of being called; that one might even call (used to emphasize that something truly deserves a certain description)
• 象徴しょうちょう — symbol
• 超高層ビル（ちょうこうそうビル） — super high-rise building
• 存在そんざい — existence; presence

Option 3「作れるものだ」fits perfectly: '意外と簡単に作れるものだ' = 'it is something that can be made surprisingly easily.' Here「～ものだ」expresses a genuine realization or discovery — 'I realized that it is actually something one can make easily.' The speaker tried making miso for the first time and discovered that, despite taking time, it was surprisingly easy to make.

• 1「作るまでだ」means 'it's just a matter of making it' or 'all you have to do is make it,' implying a last-resort or simple fallback. This does not fit the context of expressing surprise at how easy something was.
• 2「作るに限る」means 'nothing beats making it yourself' or 'making it is the best option.' This expresses a preference/superlative, not a realization about ease, and does not connect with '意外と簡単に.'
• 4「作っただけのことはある」means 'it was worth making' or 'the effort paid off,' expressing that the result justified the effort. While plausible-sounding, it does not pair naturally with '意外と簡単に' — you would not say 'it was worth it' when the point is that it was surprisingly easy.

• ものだ — (in this usage) expresses a heartfelt realization or discovery: 'it is truly ~'; 'one finds that ~'
• 意外いがいと — surprisingly; unexpectedly
• みそ — miso (fermented soybean paste)

Option 2「頼んじゃわないか」is a casual, masculine suggestion meaning 'shall we go ahead and order?' It is a contraction of「頼んでしまわないか」(頼む + てしまう → 頼んじゃう + ないか). The husband is suggesting they order food before Mori arrives, which fits the conversation perfectly: he's hungry and proposes ordering right away. The wife agrees: '食べながら森さん待とう' ('let's wait for Mori while eating').

• 1「頼んどけないよ」is ungrammatical. '頼んどけ' is a casual contraction of '頼んでおけ' (order in advance), but adding 'ないよ' makes it broken Japanese with no clear meaning.
• 3「頼んどかないで」means 'don't order (in advance).' This is the opposite of what the husband wants — he wants to order food now because he's hungry.
• 4「頼んじゃうんじゃないよね」means 'you're not going to order (ahead), are you?' — seeking confirmation that the other person will NOT order. This contradicts the husband's intent and the wife's agreeing response.

• 頼たのんじゃう — casual contraction of 頼んでしまう — to go ahead and order (with a sense of doing it now/getting it done)
• 〜ないか — (casual suggestion) 'shall we ~?' — used by men to propose an action

Option 1「見ていただけると助かるんですが」means 'it would be helpful if you could look at it.' This is a polite, indirect request form: 「～ていただけると助かる」= 'it would be helpful if you could ~.' Tanaka is asking his department head to review the documents as soon as possible, and this expression is appropriately polite and soft for making a request to a superior.

• 2「見ていただくんでしょうか」means 'are you going to look at it?' This is a direct question about the superior's intention, which is too blunt and does not function as a request.
• 3「見ていだだいたと思うんですが」appears to be a corrupted form of「見ていただいたと思うんですが」= 'I think you looked at it, but...' This contradicts the context — the department head just said he hasn't looked at it yet, so saying 'I think you did look at it' makes no sense.
• 4「見ていただいてはいかがでしょうか」means 'how about looking at it?' / 'wouldn't you like to look at it?' This phrasing sounds like making a suggestion to a superior, which is socially inappropriate and condescending in Japanese workplace context.

• 〜ていただけると助かる（〜ていただけるとたすかる） — 'it would be helpful if you could ~' — a polite, indirect way of making a request
• なるべく — as much as possible; if possible