N4 Grammar · Test 43

ばかり is correct. 〜ばかり means 'only / nothing but.' 「楽しかった旅行のことばかり思い出しています」= 'I keep remembering only the fun trip.' ばかり emphasizes that the speaker is thinking about nothing else but the trip.

• 1ながら means 'while doing ~' and would need to attach to a verb stem (e.g., 思い出しながら). It cannot attach to the noun phrase こと here.
• 3しか means 'only,' but it must always be followed by a negative predicate (しか〜ない). The sentence ends with 思い出しています (affirmative), so しか cannot be used here.
• 4までに means 'by (a deadline/time)' and does not fit this sentence, which is not about a time limit.

• ばかり — only, nothing but
• 楽たのしかった — was fun (past tense of 楽しい)
• 旅行りょこう — trip, travel
• 思い出す（おもいだす） — to remember, to recall

を is correct. 泣かせる is the causative form of 泣く ('to cry'), meaning 'to make (someone) cry.' With intransitive verbs like 泣く, the person being caused to do the action can be marked by を when the causative is used transitively (directly causing the state). 「母を泣かせる」= 'to make my mother cry.' The full sentence means 'I don't want to do anything that would make my mother cry.'

• 1へ indicates direction ('toward') and cannot mark the causee in a causative construction.
• 3に can mark the causee in causative sentences (母に泣かせる), but this pattern is more natural when the causee is allowed/made to perform an action somewhat independently. In this sentence, the intended meaning is directly causing the mother to cry (an emotional effect), for which を is the more natural and commonly tested choice at this level.
• 4の is the possessive/modifying particle and cannot mark the causee in a causative construction.

• 泣なかせる — to make (someone) cry (causative of 泣く)
• ようなこと — the kind of thing that...
• したくない — do not want to do

The correct answer is 3 (のが). The pattern (V-ている)のが見える means 'can see (someone/something) doing ~'. The nominalizer の turns the clause 鳥がとんでいる ('birds are flying') into a noun phrase, and が marks that noun phrase as what is seen (見える takes が, not を). The full sentence means: 'I can see birds flying in the sky.'

• 1が alone cannot connect the verb phrase とんでいる to 見えます. The clause must first be nominalized with の before it can serve as the object of 見える.
• 2を is wrong because 見える is an intransitive verb of perception that takes が, not を. Also, without の the verb phrase とんでいる cannot function as a noun.
• 4のを is wrong because 見える does not take を. While の correctly nominalizes the clause, the particle を is ungrammatical with 見える.

• 空そら — sky
• 鳥とり — bird
• とんでいる — is flying (te-form + iru)
• 見みえる — can be seen, is visible (intransitive; takes が)
• のが — nominalizer の + subject marker が; turns a clause into a noun phrase that is the thing perceived

The correct answer is 1 (に). The verb はる ('to stick/put on') takes に to mark the surface or target on which something is placed. ふうとうに切手をはってください means 'Please put stamps on the envelope.' に indicates where the stamps go.

• 2で marks means/method or location of action, not the target surface. ふうとうではってください would imply using the envelope as a tool, which makes no sense.
• 3を would mark the envelope as the direct object of はる, but the direct object is already 切手 ('stamps'). You can't have two を objects here.
• 4が marks the subject of an intransitive verb. ふうとうがはってください is ungrammatical in this context.

• ふうとう — envelope
• 切手きって — stamp
• はって — stick on, put on (te-form of はる)
• に — particle marking the target/surface where something is placed

The correct answer is 1 (が). The pattern (N)があってよかった means 'I'm glad (N) was there / was found.' Here, おとしたさいふがあってよかったですね means 'It's good that the wallet you dropped was (found).' が marks さいふ as the subject of あって ('existed / was there').

• 2に would mean 'at the wallet,' which makes no sense. さいふにあって is ungrammatical in this sentence.
• 3を is wrong because ある is intransitive and never takes を. You cannot say さいふをあって.
• 4の is wrong because のあって is ungrammatical. の cannot connect a noun to あって in this way.

• おとした — dropped (past tense of おとす)
• さいふ — wallet
• あって — existed / was there (te-form of ある)
• よかった — it was good / I'm glad (past of いい/よい)

The pattern being tested is V-ては + だめだ ('don't do V'). In casual speech, ては contracts to ちゃ. So とってはだめだよ becomes とっちゃだめだよ ('Don't take photos here'). Option 2, とっちゃ, is the contracted form of とっては and fits perfectly before だめだよ.

• 1とって is the te-form of とる. While とってはだめだよ would be grammatically correct, the blank only contains とって without は, so the sentence would read とってだめだよ, which is ungrammatical. The は is required and is already contracted into とっちゃ in option 2.
• 3とるは is not a valid grammatical form. The verb とる in plain form followed by は does not create the needed V-ては pattern.
• 4とっちゃう is the casual contraction of とってしまう (to do something completely/unfortunately). This does not connect to だめだよ; the sentence とっちゃうだめだよ is ungrammatical.

• とる — to take (a photo)
• 〜てはだめだ — must not do ~ (don't do ~)
• 〜ちゃ — casual contraction of 〜ては

The pattern being tested is the honorific/polite request form お + V-ます stem + ください. The verb すわる (to sit) has its ます-stem as すわり, so the correct phrase is おすわりください ('Please sit down'). Option 2, すわり, is the correct stem form.

• 1すわって is the te-form of すわる. The pattern お + te-form + ください (おすわってください) is not the standard honorific request structure; the correct pattern uses the ます-stem, not the te-form.
• 3すわる is the dictionary form. おすわるください is ungrammatical; you need the ます-stem (すわり), not the plain form.
• 4すわりて is not a valid conjugation of すわる. The te-form is すわって, and the ます-stem is すわり. すわりて does not exist.

• すわる — to sit down
• お〜ください — honorific request pattern: please do ~

The pattern being tested is V-辞書形 (dictionary form) + ことができる ('can do V'). The verb しらべる (to investigate/research) in its dictionary form is しらべる, so the correct sentence is しらべることができます ('can research/investigate'). Option 3 is correct.

• 1しらべた is the past tense (た-form) of しらべる. しらべたことができます would mean 'can do the act of having investigated,' which is ungrammatical in this pattern. The dictionary form is required, not the past form.
• 2しらべられる is the potential form of しらべる ('can investigate'). While this is a valid word, inserting it before ことができます creates a redundancy: しらべられることができます ('can can investigate'), which is ungrammatical.
• 4しらべて is the te-form of しらべる. しらべてことができます is ungrammatical; the pattern requires the dictionary form, not the te-form.

• しらべる — to investigate, to research
• 〜ことができる — can do ~ (potential pattern)
• れきし — history

The sentence means 'You'll be late for the train. Hurry!' The blank requires a command/imperative form. 急げ is the imperative form (命令形) of the verb 急ぐ (to hurry), making it a direct command: 'Hurry!' Option 4 is correct.

• 1急がず is the negative form with ず ('without hurrying'). This would mean 'without hurrying,' which contradicts the urgency of being late for the train and is not a command form.
• 2急ぐな is the negative imperative ('Don't hurry!'). This is the opposite of what the situation calls for — the person is about to miss their train, so they should hurry, not be told not to.
• 3急ぎ is the ます-stem of 急ぐ. While it can be used as a casual command in some contexts (like 急ぎ！), in written form as a standalone sentence after a period, the proper imperative form 急げ is the expected answer for this grammar point.

• 急いそぐ — to hurry, to rush
• おくれる — to be late, to be delayed
• 命令形めいれいけい — imperative form (command form)

The pattern being tested is V-ます stem + はじめる ('to begin doing V'). The verb 通う (to commute/attend) has its ます-stem as 通い, so the correct sentence is 通いはじめる ('begin to commute/attend'). Option 4, 通い, is correct.

• 1通わ is the negative stem (ない-form stem) of 通う. 通わはじめる is ungrammatical; はじめる requires the ます-stem, not the negative stem.
• 2通う is the dictionary form of the verb. 通うはじめる is ungrammatical; you cannot attach はじめる directly to the dictionary form. The ます-stem (通い) is required.
• 3通った is the past tense of 通う. 通ったはじめる is ungrammatical; the past form cannot connect to はじめる.

• 通かよう — to commute, to attend (school)
• 〜はじめる — to begin doing ~ (attached to V-ます stem)
• 小学校しょうがっこう — elementary school