N4 Grammar · Test 41

The correct answer is 4 (か). The particle か between two nouns means 'or.' ぎゅうにくかぶたにくを使います means 'This dish uses beef or pork.' か connects the two food items as alternatives, and を marks the object of 使います.

• 1で would mean 'by means of' or 'at.' ぎゅうにくでぶたにくを使います would mean 'uses pork by means of beef,' which makes no sense.
• 2も means 'also/too.' ぎゅうにくもぶたにくを使います would mean 'As for beef, (it) also uses pork,' which is grammatically awkward and semantically odd.
• 3が would mark beef as the subject: ぎゅうにくがぶたにくを使います = 'Beef uses pork,' which is nonsensical.

• 牛肉ぎゅうにく — beef
• 豚肉ぶたにく — pork
• 使つかう — to use

The correct answer is 2 (が). This is a phone conversation. 田中と申しますが means 'My name is Tanaka, but...' The が here is the conjunction が meaning 'but,' used to softly connect the self-introduction to the request that follows. 山下さんをおねがいします means 'May I speak to Yamashita-san?' This is a standard polite phone pattern.

• 1と would connect 田中と申しますと as a conditional/quotation ('If I say my name is Tanaka' or 'saying Tanaka'), which does not fit the context of a phone request.
• 3から means 'because/since.' 田中と申しますから would mean 'Since my name is Tanaka,' which is an odd causal connection for asking to speak to someone.
• 4のに means 'even though/despite.' 田中と申しますのに would mean 'Even though my name is Tanaka,' which implies the name is contrary to expectations — inappropriate for a simple phone request.

• 申もうします — to say (humble form of 言う); と申します = 'my name is ~' (humble self-introduction)
• おねがいします — please (polite request); on the phone, asking to speak to someone

The correct answer is 4 (に). The adjective 近い (ちかい, 'near') takes に to mark the reference point: 駅に近い means 'near the station.' This is the standard pattern for 近い — (reference point) に 近い.

• 1を marks a direct object or a route/space of movement (e.g., 道を歩く). It cannot be used with 近い.
• 2の would create a noun phrase '駅の近い' which is ungrammatical in this context. 近い is an adjective, not a noun here.
• 3で marks location of action or means. It does not express the reference point for 近い.

• 近ちかい — near, close

The correct answer is 1 (を). When a verb of movement (とぶ, 'to fly') describes moving through/across a space, を marks the space traversed: 空をとんで行きました means 'flew through the sky.' This is the route/space-marker use of を.

• 2は is a topic marker. While sometimes replacing を in casual speech, it is not the standard particle for marking a traversed space and would sound unnatural here.
• 3で marks location of action or means, not the space through which one moves.
• 4と means 'with' or 'and', or marks a quotation. It does not mark a traversed space.

• 空そら — sky
• とんで行く（とんでいく） — to fly away / fly off

The correct answer is 3 (か). This is an embedded question: だれがこの本を書いたか知っていますか — 'Do you know who wrote this book?' When a question clause is embedded inside a larger sentence (here, as the object of 知っている), the question particle か is placed at the end of the embedded clause.

• 1は is a topic marker and cannot end an embedded question clause.
• 2を marks a direct object, but an embedded question clause already functions as the object; adding を inside the clause is ungrammatical.
• 4で marks means/location and cannot end an embedded question clause.

• 知しっていますか — do (you) know

という means 'called/named' and links a name to a noun: カトレアという店 = 'a shop called Cattleya.' と quotes the name before いう.

• 2が would mark a subject, but 'カトレアがいう店' would mean 'the shop that Cattleya says,' treating カトレア as a person speaking — not the intended 'a shop called Cattleya.'
• 3に is a location/destination/indirect-object marker and cannot form the 'called' expression.
• 4を is a direct-object marker; 'カトレアをいう店' is ungrammatical for the 'called' meaning.

• カトレア — Cattleya (name, here of a shop)
• 店みせ — shop, store
• という — called/named (links a name to a noun)
• 知しっている — to know

でも attaches to question words like どこ to mean 'anywhere/everywhere.' どこでもねられます means 'I can sleep anywhere.' This is a common N4-level pattern: question word + でも = every/any.

• 1など means 'things like' and is used to give non-exhaustive examples. どこなど doesn't fit here — it would mean 'places like where,' which is unnatural.
• 3か after a question word makes an indefinite pronoun: どこか = 'somewhere.' While 'I can sleep somewhere' is grammatically possible, it would normally need a particle like で (どこかで). Without it, the sentence is incomplete, and でも is the intended natural answer.
• 4は is the topic marker. どこはねられます is ungrammatical/nonsensical here — it would try to make 'where' a topic, which doesn't work with this verb.

• どこでも — anywhere, everywhere
• ねる（寝る）（ねる） — to sleep
• 〜られる — potential/can (do)

で marks the means, method, or material used to perform an action. 大きい字で書いてください means 'Please write in/with bigger characters.' The character size/type is the means of writing, so で is correct.

• 2が marks the subject of a verb or the thing desired. 字が書いてください is ungrammatical — 書いてください is a request directed at a listener, so there is no subject role for 字 to fill with が.
• 3か is a question marker or uncertainty marker. 大きい字か書いてください makes no sense grammatically.
• 4や means 'and' (non-exhaustive list). 大きい字や書いてください is ungrammatical — や needs to connect two nouns, but here it would sit between a noun and a verb.

• 字（じ） — character, letter
• 〜で — by means of, with (marks tool/method/material)
• 書かいてください — please write (〜てください = request)

ほど with a negative adjective means 'not as...as'. 姉のへやほど広くない = 'not as spacious as my sister's room.' This is the standard comparative-of-inferiority pattern: A は B ほど + negative.

• 1だけ means 'only'; '姉のへやだけ広くない' would mean 'not spacious only for my sister's room,' which is nonsensical here.
• 2けど is a conjunction ('but'); it cannot connect へや to the adjective 広くない in this way.
• 4でも means 'even' or 'or something'; it does not produce the 'not as...as' comparison.

• 部屋へや — room
• 姉あね — older sister
• 広ひろい — spacious, wide
• ほど — to the extent of; (with negative) not as...as

も after a number/quantity emphasizes that the amount is large or surprising: 5回も = 'as many as 5 times.' 同じ小説を5回も読んだ = 'He read the same novel as many as 5 times.'

• 2が is a subject marker and cannot follow a counter like 5回 in this context.
• 3で after a counter can mean 'in/within (a span)' or 'at (a rate),' not the emphatic 'as many as' meaning needed here.
• 4しか must be followed by a negative (しか～ない) to mean 'only'; 読んだ is affirmative, so しか is ungrammatical here.

• 同おなじ — same
• 小説しょうせつ — novel
• 回かい — times (counter for occurrences)
• 読よむ — to read