N4 Grammar · Test 42

The correct answer is 3 (からの). から indicates origin ('from'), and の links it to the following noun. アジアからのりゅうがくせい = 'international students from Asia.' When you want to use から to modify a noun, you must add の: (place)からの (noun) = ' (noun) from (place).'

• 1にの is not a valid particle combination in this context.
• 2から alone cannot directly modify the noun りゅうがくせい. You need の to connect the phrase to the noun: アジアからのりゅうがくせい.
• 4に indicates location/destination, not origin. アジアにりゅうがくせいです = 'international students in/at Asia,' which changes the meaning and is unnatural.

• からの — from (used to modify a noun: [place]からの[noun] = [noun] from [place])
• りゅうがくせい — international student(s)

The correct answer is 1 (のに). のに means 'even though' / 'despite' and connects two clauses where the second is contrary to what one would expect from the first. たくさんの料理があったのに、ぜんぶ食べる時間がなかった = 'Even though there was a lot of food, there was no time to eat it all.' This expresses disappointment/contrary expectation, which fits perfectly.

• 2でも means 'but/however' and is used to connect sentences or as an adverbial, not as a conjunction between clauses in this way. It does not express the 'despite' relationship as naturally as のに.
• 3ながら means 'while/doing' and attaches to a verb stem, not to a past-tense clause like あった. It expresses simultaneous action, not contrast.
• 4と is a conditional ('when/if') and would imply a cause-effect relationship: 'when there was a lot of food, there was no time,' which is illogical.

• のに — even though, despite (expresses contrary expectation or disappointment)
• ながら — while, during (attaches to verb stem; expresses simultaneous actions)
• ぜんぶ — all, everything

The correct answer is 1 (だけ). だけ means 'only.' The sentence is おなかがいたいから半分だけ食べます = 'Because my stomach hurts, I'll eat only half.' だけ follows a noun (半分) and pairs with a positive verb (食べます), which fits perfectly here.

• 2しか also means 'only,' but it must be used with a negative verb (半分しか食べません). The stem ends with the positive 食べます, so しか is grammatically impossible here.
• 3も means 'also/even.' 半分も食べます would mean 'I'll eat even half' or 'I'll eat half too,' which does not fit the context of having a stomachache and wanting to eat less.
• 4と means 'and' (connecting nouns). 半分と食べます is ungrammatical in this context; と cannot connect a quantity to a verb this way.

• 半分はんぶん — half
• だけ — only (with positive verb)
• しか — only (with negative verb)

The correct answer is 2 (に). The pattern 〜に〜ように言う means 'tell (someone) to do something.' Here, 田中さんにあした10時に来るように言ってください = 'Please tell Tanaka-san to come at 10 tomorrow.' The person being told is marked by に.

• 1を marks the direct object of a verb. 言う can take を only in specific expressions like 詩を言う, but when telling someone to do something, the listener is marked by に, not を.
• 3や means 'and' (non-exhaustive list of nouns). 田中さんや would start a list, which makes no sense before 来るように言ってください.
• 4の is the possessive/linking particle. 田中さんの来るように言ってください is ungrammatical in this context.

• 〜ように言う（〜ようにいう） — to tell someone to do something
• 来くる — to come

The correct answer is 4 (に). いらっしゃる is the respectful (尊敬語) form of いる ('to be/exist'). For verbs of existence (いる/ある), the location is marked by に. 研究室にいらっしゃる = 'be in the research room.' The sentence means 'I hear that the teacher will be in the research room all this Saturday.'

• 1は is a topic marker. While は can sometimes replace に for contrast, 研究室はいらっしゃる sounds unnatural and would imply contrast ('as for the research room, the teacher will be there'), which is not the intended meaning.
• 2が marks the subject. 研究室がいらっしゃる would make 研究室 the subject of いらっしゃる, meaning 'the research room exists/is present,' which is nonsensical.
• 3を marks a direct object, typically for transitive verbs of motion (を歩く, を通る). いらっしゃる as 'to be (somewhere)' is intransitive and takes に, not を.

• いらっしゃる — respectful form of いる/行く/来る (to be / to go / to come)
• 研究室けんきゅうしつ — research room / laboratory
• ずっと — all the time / throughout

The correct answer is 3 (洗わ). The pattern V-ない-form stem + なければなりません means 'must do.' 洗う (あらう) is a godan verb ending in う. Its ない-form is 洗わない (あらわない), so the stem before なければ is 洗わ (あらわ). 洗わなければなりません = 'must wash.'

• 1洗う is the dictionary form. Before なければなりません you need the ない-form stem (洗わ), not the dictionary form.
• 2洗い is the ます stem. The ます stem cannot be used before なければなりません; the ない-form stem is required.
• 4洗おう is the volitional form (let's wash). This cannot be followed by なければなりません.

• 洗あらう — to wash
• 〜なければなりません — must do (attached to V-ない-form stem)

The correct answer is 2 「止めるな」. The sentence means 'Don't park your car here. It's in the way.' 車を止める is the transitive verb 'to stop/park a vehicle' (taking the object marker を). Adding な creates a direct prohibition: 'Don't (park)!' This fits the context of telling someone not to leave their car there because it's blocking the way (邪魔だ).

• 1「止まるな」uses 止まる, the intransitive verb 'to come to a stop.' Since the stem has 車を (with the object marker を), an intransitive verb cannot take を, making this grammatically impossible here.
• 3「止めろな」uses the imperative form 止めろ ('Stop!') followed by な. This is not a standard prohibition pattern; 止めろ alone is a command ('Stop!'), and adding な creates an unnatural/colloquial utterance that does not mean 'Don't park.'
• 4「止まれな」uses 止まれ, the imperative of the intransitive verb 止まる, followed by な. It is both intransitive (cannot pair with を) and uses an imperative form, making it doubly wrong for a prohibition sentence.

• 止とめる — to stop/park (something); transitive verb
• 止とまる — to come to a stop; intransitive verb
• 〜な（な） — prohibition suffix attached to a verb dictionary form: 'Don't …!'
• 邪魔じゃま — in the way; a nuisance; an obstruction

The correct answer is 1 「来る」. 〜はずがない ('there is no possibility that…') attaches to the plain (dictionary) form of a verb. Since the trip is tomorrow (future), the non-past plain form 来る is needed: 来るはずがない = 'there's no way he/she will come.' The context (入院している = is hospitalized) supports the conclusion that attending is impossible.

• 2「来ますはずがない」uses the polite (ます) form before はずがない. はずがない requires the plain form, so this is grammatically incorrect.
• 3「来てはずがない」uses the te-form 来て, which cannot directly precede はずがない. The te-form is used for connecting clauses or for 〜ている/〜てください patterns, not for はずがない.
• 4「来たはずがない」uses the past tense 来た, meaning 'there's no way he/she came.' But the context is about tomorrow's trip (あしたの旅行), so a past-tense form is semantically wrong.

• 〜はずがない — there is no possibility/way that…; cannot be
• 入院にゅういんする — to be hospitalized
• 来くる — to come

The correct answer is 4 「こわがって」. The verb 怖がる (こわがる) means 'to be afraid / to show fear' and is used to describe a third party's feeling of fear (since you cannot directly state another person's feelings with the adjective 怖い). The te-form こわがって connects to ないてしまった ('ended up crying'): 'The child was scared and ended up crying.'

• 1「こわがったがって」is a double conjugation—怖がる already contains the がる element, so adding another がって is redundant and ungrammatical.
• 2「こわいがって」attaches がって directly to the い-adjective stem こわい. The correct verb is 怖がる (こわがる), formed from the adjective stem こわ + がる, not こわい + がって.
• 3「こわくがって」uses the く-form of the adjective (怖く) plus がって. The correct formation is the stem こわ + がる → こわがる, not the く-form + がる.

• 怖こわがる — to be afraid, to feel fear (used for third persons' observable emotions)
• 〜てしまう — to do something unintentionally/regretfully; to end up doing

The correct answer is 4 「わすれちゃった」. 〜ちゃった is the casual contracted form of 〜てしまった, expressing an unintended or regrettable action. The context 'Oh no! I came in a hurry so I forgot my wallet' calls for a regretful 'I ended up forgetting' = わすれちゃった. This is the only option that conveys a completed, unintended action.

• 1「わすれなくちゃ」is a contraction of わすれなくては (いけない) = 'I have to forget (my wallet),' which is nonsensical in context.
• 2「わすれといて」is a contraction of わすれておいて, a command meaning 'forget it (and leave it that way).' This makes no sense as the speaker is reporting their own mistake.
• 3「わすれなきゃ」is a contraction of わすれなければ (いけない) = 'I have to forget,' again nonsensical—the speaker is not obligated to forget their wallet.

• 〜ちゃった — casual contraction of 〜てしまった; expresses an unintended/regrettable completed action
• 忘わすれる — to forget
• 財布さいふ — wallet