N5 Grammar · Test 58

Option 3 (とった) is correct. The sentence is a noun-modifying clause: これはきのうわたしがとったしゃしんです ('This is the photo I took yesterday'). The verb modifying the noun しゃしん must be in the past tense plain form (とった) because the action happened yesterday.

• 1とる is the present/plain non-past form. Since the photo was taken yesterday, past tense is required.
• 2とって is the te-form, which cannot directly modify a noun in this way.
• 4とります is the polite non-past form. It is both wrong in tense (should be past) and in form (plain form is needed for noun modification).

• 写真しゃしん — photograph
• 撮とる — to take (a photo)

Option 1 (からくないです) is correct. The pattern あまり + negative means 'not very...' The sentence becomes このりょうりはあまりからくないですよ ('This dish isn't very spicy'). The sentence-ending particle よ follows naturally after です.

• 2からいです would make あまりからいですよ, but あまり with an affirmative is unnatural/incorrect in this context. あまり requires a negative.
• 3からかったです is past tense (was spicy), which doesn't fit with あまり + negative pattern and changes the meaning incorrectly.
• 4からいではありませんでした is past negative and overly complex. The pattern 〜ではありませんでした is past tense, and the sentence should be present tense. Also, the standard negative form would be からくありませんでした.

• 辛からい — spicy (i-adjective)
• 料理りょうり — cooking/dish
• あまり — not very (used with negative)

Option 2 (しました) is correct. The pattern is V-た + が ('did X, but...'). The sentence means: 'I called my friend yesterday, but he wasn't there.' The past tense しました matches きのう (yesterday), and が connects the two contrasting clauses.

• 1します is present tense, which contradicts きのう (yesterday).
• 3して is the te-form. してが is grammatically incorrect; the te-form cannot be followed by が in this contrasting pattern.
• 4する is the dictionary (non-past) form, which contradicts the past time reference きのう.

• 電話をかける/する（でんわをかける/する） — to make a phone call

Option 3 (いたく) is correct. The pattern for 'became (adjective)' is i-adjective stem (〜く) + なりました. いたくなりました means 'became painful/sore.' The full sentence: 'Because I walked a lot, my legs became sore.'

• 1いたくて is the te-form, which means 'painful and...' — it cannot connect to なりました.
• 2いたいに is grammatically incorrect. The i-adjective must drop い and become 〜く before なる, not 〜いに.
• 4いたい is the dictionary form. いたいなりました is ungrammatical; you need the 〜く form before なる.

• 痛いたい — painful/sore (i-adjective)
• 足あし — foot/leg
• 歩あるく — to walk
• なる — to become

Option 1 (おそく) is correct. The pattern is i-adjective stem (〜く) + します/しませんか, meaning 'to make something (adjective).' おそくしませんか means 'Shall we make it later?' The full sentence: 'Shall we make lunch time a bit later?'

• 2おそい is the dictionary form. おそいしませんか is ungrammatical; the 〜く form is required before します.
• 3おそいに is grammatically incorrect. For i-adjectives, the 〜く form (not 〜いに) is used before する. The 〜に form is for na-adjectives.
• 4おそくて is the te-form, meaning 'late and...' — it cannot connect to しませんか in this causative/suggestion pattern.

• 遅おそい — late (i-adjective)
• 昼ひるごはん — lunch
• 時間じかん — time

The sentence means 'Tomorrow the wind will be strong, won't it?' でしょう follows the plain form of the predicate. つよい is an i-adjective in plain present form, so かぜがつよいでしょう is correct.

• 1つよかった is the plain past form. Since あした (tomorrow) refers to the future, past tense is inappropriate.
• 2つよくて is the te-form, which connects clauses but cannot directly precede でしょう in this pattern.
• 4つよく is the adverbial form (連用形) of the i-adjective, used to modify verbs/adjectives, not to precede でしょう.

• 強つよい — strong (i-adjective)
• 風かぜ — wind
• 〜でしょう — ...right?; probably (conjecture/confirmation)

The correct answer is 4 (かぶって). The sentence means 'Let's go to the mountain wearing a hat.' The te-form (て-form) of the verb かぶる (to wear (a hat)) is かぶって, and it is used here to connect two actions: wearing a hat and going. The pattern V-て + 行きましょう means 'let's go doing X.'

• 1かぶると is the conditional form (と-form), meaning 'when/if you wear.' This would make the sentence mean 'If you wear a hat, let's go,' which is grammatically unnatural and doesn't connect the two actions properly.
• 2かぶりて is not a correct conjugation. The te-form of かぶる is かぶって (consonant-stem verb), not かぶりて.
• 3かぶりに is not a correct form. There is no grammatical pattern that uses V-stem + に to mean 'doing X while going.'

• ぼうし — hat
• かぶる（被る） — to wear (on the head, e.g., a hat)

The correct answer is 4 (あかく). The sentence means '(My/your) face became red.' The pattern for い-adjective + なる (to become) is: drop い and add く → あかい → あかく + なりました. So かおが あかく なりました = 'face became red.'

• 1あかくて is the te-form of あかい, meaning 'red and…' It cannot be used before なりました in this pattern.
• 2あかいく is not a correct conjugation. The く-form is made by dropping い from the adjective, not by adding く after い.
• 3あかいに is not a correct form. い-adjectives do not take に before なる; they take the く-form.

• あかい（赤い） — red
• なる（成る） — to become

The correct answer is 2 (生まれた). The sentence means 'When my younger sister was born, my father was abroad.' The pattern for modifying とき (when/time) with a past event uses the past tense: V-た + とき = 'when (past event) happened.' So 生まれたとき = 'when (she) was born.' Since being born is a completed past event, the past tense 生まれた is appropriate.

• 1生まれ is the stem (ます-stem) of 生まれる. V-stem + とき is not a standard modifying pattern for past events.
• 3生まれて is the te-form, meaning 'being born and…' This would imply a sequence of actions rather than 'when she was born.'
• 4生まれるの is the dictionary form + の, which is not a correct modifier for とき in this context.

• いもうと — younger sister
• 生まれる — to be born
• 外国がいこく — foreign country

The correct answer is 3 (なくさないで). The sentence means 'This is an important paper, so please don't lose it.' The pattern for a negative request is V-ないで + ください = 'please don't do X.' The verb なくす (to lose) conjugates to its negative form: なくす → なくさない → なくさないで. So なくさないでください = 'please don't lose it.'

• 1なくさなくて is the negative te-form, which expresses reason/cause ('because I didn't lose it'), not a negative request. It cannot be used before ください for requests.
• 2なくしないで uses the wrong negative stem. The correct negative of なくす is なくさない (not なくしない). なくす is a godan verb; its negative form drops す and adds さない.
• 4なくしなくて is not a correct form. The negative te-form of なくす would be なくさなくて, not なくしなくて, and in any case the te-form is not used for negative requests.

• たいせつ — important, precious
• かみ — paper
• なくす（無くす） — to lose