N5 Grammar · Test 64

あの is a pre-noun modifier (連体詞) that means 'that (over there).' It directly precedes a noun: あの レストラン = 'that restaurant.' あの レストランは 古いです = 'That restaurant is old.'

• 2あれ is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that one.' It stands alone and cannot directly modify a noun. You would need あれは 古いです ('That one is old') without レストラン.
• 3あちら means 'that way/that person (polite)' and is a pronoun/directional word. It cannot directly modify a noun like レストラン.
• 4あそこ means 'over there' and is a place noun. It cannot directly modify another noun. You would need あそこは 古いです ('That place is old').

• あの — that (over there) — used before a noun
• レストラン — restaurant
• 古ふるい — old

ごろ is a suffix meaning 'about/approximately' used specifically with time expressions (clock times, days). 7時ごろ = 'around 7 o'clock.' けさ 7時ごろ おきました = 'I woke up around 7 o'clock this morning.'

• 2など means 'such as/things like' and is used to give examples. 7時など おきました ('I woke up at things like 7 o'clock') is unnatural and nonsensical.
• 3まで means 'until.' 7時まで おきました ('I woke up until 7 o'clock') is semantically odd — おきる (to wake up) is an instantaneous action, not a continuing one, so まで does not fit.
• 4ぐらい/くらい means 'about/approximately' and is used with quantities/amounts. While sometimes used loosely with time, for clock times ごろ is the correct and standard choice. ぐらい is more appropriate for durations or quantities (e.g., 1時間ぐらい).

• ごろ — about, around (used with clock time/days)
• おきる — to wake up, to get up
• けさ — this morning

しか is a particle meaning 'only' and must be followed by a negative verb. 一つしか ありません = 'there is only one.' いす (chair) is an inanimate object, so the verb ある (not いる) is used, and the negative form ありません is required by しか.

• 1います is the affirmative form of いる, used for animate objects. Two problems: wrong verb (いす is inanimate) and wrong polarity (しか requires negative).
• 2いません is the negative of いる, used for animate objects. While the polarity is correct for しか, the verb is wrong — いす (chair) is inanimate and requires ある, not いる.
• 3あります is the affirmative form of ある. While the verb is correct for inanimate objects, しか requires the negative form, so あります is grammatically wrong here.

• しか — only (must be followed by a negative verb)
• いす — chair
• ある — to exist (inanimate objects)
• いる — to exist (animate objects)

Option 3 (しまっています) is correct. しまる is an intransitive verb meaning 'to close/be closed.' With ドアが (door + が, marking the subject of an intransitive verb), しまっています expresses the resultant state: 'The door is closed.' The 〜ている form of an intransitive verb describes a state that resulted from a change.

• 1しめます is the dictionary/present form of しめる (transitive 'to close'). With が it would mean 'the door closes,' which is unnatural, and it lacks the state-expression needed here.
• 2しめています is progressive of the transitive verb しめる. It would mean 'someone is closing (the door),' but ドアが marks the door as the subject, not the object (を), so this is grammatically mismatched.
• 4しまってあります incorrectly pairs 〜てある (used with transitive verbs to show intentional resultant state) with しまる, which is intransitive. 〜てある requires a transitive verb like しめる.

• しまる — to close (intransitive)
• しめる — to close (transitive)
• 〜ている — (with intransitive verbs) state resulting from a change
• 〜てある — (with transitive verbs) resultant state of an intentional action

Option 1 (いた) is correct. The sentence has きのう (yesterday) and たぶん〜でしょう (probably...right?), expressing past conjecture. でしょう attaches to the plain past form いた (was) to say 'Suzuki was probably at home yesterday.'

• 2いて is the て-form of いる. The て-form cannot directly precede でしょう; it is used for connecting clauses or making requests, not for conjecture.
• 3いる is the plain present form. Since きのう (yesterday) sets a past context, the present tense does not match.
• 4います is the polite present form. でしょう follows plain forms, not polite ます forms, and the tense is wrong for きのう.

• たぶん — probably
• でしょう — (conjecture) probably; I suppose
• いる — to be (location/existence of a person)

Option 1 (あつい) is correct. Before とき (when), you use the plain form. For い-adjectives, the plain present is the adjective itself: あつい + とき = あついとき ('when it is hot'). The main verb 飲みます is present/habitual, so the adjective should also be present tense: 'When it is hot, I drink cold coffee.'

• 2あついの adds の, which is unnecessary and ungrammatical here. の would nominalize, but とき directly follows the adjective form.
• 3あついだ is ungrammatical. い-adjectives do not take だ; only な-adjectives and nouns do. The correct plain form is simply あつい.
• 4あつかった is the plain past form. It would mean 'when it WAS hot,' which does not match the habitual present 飲みます ('I drink').

• あつい — hot (temperature/weather)
• 〜とき — when; at the time of
• つめたい — cold (to the touch, e.g. drinks)

Option 3 (あびて) is correct. The pattern V-てから means 'after doing V.' Here, あびて + から = あびてから ('after taking a shower'). The full sentence means 'I always sleep after taking a shower.' The て-form is required before から to express this sequential action.

• 1あびる is the dictionary form. あびるから would mean 'because I take a shower,' using から as 'because,' which is grammatically possible but semantically unnatural and not the intended V-てから pattern.
• 2あびた is the plain past form. あびたから would mean 'because I took a shower,' which is semantically odd and does not form the V-てから sequence pattern.
• 4あびます is the polite ます form. It cannot directly precede から in this pattern, and mixing polite form with the plain-style sentence ending ねます is inconsistent.

• あびる — to take (a shower/bath)
• 〜てから — after doing ~
• シャワー — shower

Option 2 (話し) is correct. The pattern 〜ながら ('while doing') attaches to the ます-stem of a verb. 話す → 話します → stem: 話し. So 話しながら means 'while talking.' The sentence means 'While talking with Yamakawa-san, I ate a meal.'

• 1話す is the dictionary form. 〜ながら requires the ます-stem, not the dictionary form.
• 3話して is the て-form. It cannot be used with 〜ながら; the て-form has its own separate functions (sequence, cause, request, etc.).
• 4話した is the plain past form. 〜ながら does not take past tense; it describes an ongoing simultaneous action.

• 〜ながら — while doing ~; simultaneously
• 話はなす — to talk/speak
• 話はなします — to talk/speak (polite form); stem = 話し(はなし)

Option 3 (あまり) is correct. あまり is used with negative predicates to mean 'not very/not particularly.' あまりさむくありませんでした = 'It was not very cold yesterday.' This is a standard 4級 grammar pattern: あまり + (negative form).

• 1よく means 'often' or 'well.' It does not pair with a negative adjective form like さむくありませんでした in this way.
• 2とても means 'very' and is used with affirmative expressions. Using it with a negative (さむくありませんでした) is contradictory and ungrammatical.
• 4たくさん means 'a lot/many' and is used for quantities or amounts. It does not modify adjectives like 寒い (cold).

• あまり — not very (used with negative)
• とても — very (used with affirmative)
• さむい — cold (weather/temperature)
• たくさん — a lot; many

まだ (still/not yet) is used with the negative form to mean 'not yet.' まだ はじまりません means 'The party has not started yet.' This is the standard pattern まだ + 〜ません.

• 1はじまります is the affirmative form. まだ with affirmative means 'still doing something,' but 'The party still starts' is unnatural and doesn't fit the context.
• 3はじまりました is the past affirmative. まだ はじまりました ('The party still started') is grammatically and semantically incorrect.
• 4はじまっています is the te-iru form (is currently starting/has started). While まだ〜ています can mean 'still doing,' saying 'the party is still starting' is unnatural in this context.

• まだ — still; not yet (with negative)
• はじまる — to begin, to start
• パーティー — party