N5 Grammar · Test 65

どんな is a pre-noun modifier (連体詞) meaning 'what kind of.' どんな おんがくを 聞きますか = 'What kind of music do you listen to?' This is a natural and common question pattern at the 4級 level.

• 1どこ means 'where.' どこ おんがくを 聞きますか is ungrammatical — どこ is a question word that stands alone as a location; it cannot directly modify the noun おんがく. You would need どこで おんがくを 聞きますか ('Where do you listen to music?').
• 2どれ means 'which one' and is a pronoun that stands alone. It cannot directly modify a noun like おんがく. You would need どれの おんがく or restructure the sentence.
• 3どちら means 'which direction/which one (polite)' and is also a pronoun that cannot directly modify a noun.

• どんな — what kind of (used before a noun)
• おんがく — music
• 聞きく — to listen

あの is a pre-noun modifier (連体詞) that means 'that (over there).' It directly precedes a noun: あの レストラン = 'that restaurant.' あの レストランは 古いです = 'That restaurant is old.'

• 2あれ is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'that one.' It stands alone and cannot directly modify a noun. You would need あれは 古いです ('That one is old') without レストラン.
• 3あちら means 'that way/that person (polite)' and is a pronoun/directional word. It cannot directly modify a noun like レストラン.
• 4あそこ means 'over there' and is a place noun. It cannot directly modify another noun. You would need あそこは 古いです ('That place is old').

• あの — that (over there) — used before a noun
• レストラン — restaurant
• 古ふるい — old

ごろ is a suffix meaning 'about/approximately' used specifically with time expressions (clock times, days). 7時ごろ = 'around 7 o'clock.' けさ 7時ごろ おきました = 'I woke up around 7 o'clock this morning.'

• 2など means 'such as/things like' and is used to give examples. 7時など おきました ('I woke up at things like 7 o'clock') is unnatural and nonsensical.
• 3まで means 'until.' 7時まで おきました ('I woke up until 7 o'clock') is semantically odd — おきる (to wake up) is an instantaneous action, not a continuing one, so まで does not fit.
• 4ぐらい/くらい means 'about/approximately' and is used with quantities/amounts. While sometimes used loosely with time, for clock times ごろ is the correct and standard choice. ぐらい is more appropriate for durations or quantities (e.g., 1時間ぐらい).

• ごろ — about, around (used with clock time/days)
• おきる — to wake up, to get up
• けさ — this morning

しか is a particle meaning 'only' and must be followed by a negative verb. 一つしか ありません = 'there is only one.' いす (chair) is an inanimate object, so the verb ある (not いる) is used, and the negative form ありません is required by しか.

• 1います is the affirmative form of いる, used for animate objects. Two problems: wrong verb (いす is inanimate) and wrong polarity (しか requires negative).
• 2いません is the negative of いる, used for animate objects. While the polarity is correct for しか, the verb is wrong — いす (chair) is inanimate and requires ある, not いる.
• 3あります is the affirmative form of ある. While the verb is correct for inanimate objects, しか requires the negative form, so あります is grammatically wrong here.

• しか — only (must be followed by a negative verb)
• いす — chair
• ある — to exist (inanimate objects)
• いる — to exist (animate objects)

こちらこそ is the standard response to どうぞ よろしく おねがいします. It means 'It is I who should say so / Likewise.' In a はじめまして (nice to meet you) exchange, B replies with こちらこそ to reciprocate the sentiment.

• 2おかげさまで means 'Thanks to you' and is used as a polite response to inquiries about one's health or situation (e.g., 元気ですか → おかげさまで). It is not used in self-introduction exchanges.
• 3ごめんなさい means 'I'm sorry' and is used to apologize. It has no place in a greeting/self-introduction exchange.
• 4ごめんください means 'Excuse me / Is anyone home?' and is used when visiting someone's house or calling out to get attention. It is not a response to よろしくおねがいします.

• こちらこそ — Likewise; it is I who should say so (response to よろしくおねがいします)
• はじめまして — Nice to meet you (first meeting greeting)
• どうぞよろしくおねがいします — Please treat me well / I look forward to our relationship

しつれいします is the standard polite phrase used when taking leave / excusing oneself to go. A is wrapping up and saying thank you, then leaving, so this fits perfectly. B's reply 'じゃあ、また来てくださいね' (Well then, please come again) confirms this is a parting scene.

• 1こんにちは means 'Hello/Good afternoon' — a greeting used when meeting someone, not when leaving.
• 2はじめまして means 'How do you do?' — used only when meeting someone for the first time.
• 4しつれいしました is the past tense of しつれいします. While it can be heard in some leave-taking contexts, the standard textbook phrase for excusing oneself to leave is しつれいします (present tense), making option 3 the expected answer at this level.

• しつれいします — to excuse oneself; to take one's leave (polite parting expression)
• はじめまして — How do you do? (used when meeting someone for the first time)

あの あおいのです means 'That blue one.' B has already said 'あれです' (That one), and this further specifies which umbrella is Marie's by its color. The pattern Noun+の (です) substitutes for a noun, so あおいの means 'the blue one (umbrella).' This directly answers 'Which is Marie's umbrella?'

• 1あれは かさです means 'That is an umbrella.' It merely states that the object is an umbrella, but does not identify it as Marie's — redundant and uninformative.
• 3あれは マリーさんです means 'That (thing) is Marie (the person).' This is nonsensical — an umbrella cannot be a person.
• 4あの かさは あおいです means 'That umbrella is blue.' While true, it describes the umbrella's color rather than identifying it as Marie's umbrella. The question asks 'Which is Marie's?' so the answer must identify ownership, not just describe a property.

• あおい — blue (adjective)
• ～の — one (substituting for a noun, e.g. あおいの = the blue one)

どこへも 行きませんでした means 'I didn't go anywhere.' The pattern どこへも + negative verb = 'nowhere / not anywhere.' B starts with いいえ (No) and explains it rained, so the logical completion is 'I didn't go anywhere.'

• 1どこかへ 行きました means 'I went somewhere.' This contradicts B's いいえ (No) answer.
• 2どこへも 行きました means 'I went everywhere.' This is semantically odd and also contradicts いいえ.
• 3どこへへ 行きませんでした contains a grammatical error (へへ is not valid Japanese). Even if read as an attempt at どこかへ with a negative verb, どこか ('somewhere') is used with affirmative verbs, not negatives. The correct negative pattern is どこへも + negative. Note: this option appears to have a transcription defect (see issues).

• どこへも — anywhere (used with negative verb to mean 'nowhere')
• どこか — somewhere (used with affirmative verb)