N1 Grammar · Test 14

The correct answer is 3 (にともない). にともない means 'along with / accompanied by' and expresses that one change occurs in parallel with another. Here, energy consumption increasing is a consequence that accompanies rapid economic growth: 'In country A, along with rapid economic growth, energy consumption has roughly tripled in the past 10 years.' The relationship is one of correlated change — as the economy grows, consumption grows with it.

• 1に沿って (ni sotte) means 'along / in accordance with' and is used when following a guideline, plan, or route (e.g., 川に沿って 'along the river', 計画に沿って 'in accordance with the plan'). It does not express a causal/accompanying relationship between two changing phenomena.
• 2に基づき (ni motoduki) means 'based on' and is used when something is done according to a rule, data, or standard (e.g., 調査に基づき 'based on a survey'). Economic growth is not a 'basis' for energy consumption in this sense.
• 4にこたえて (ni kotaete) means 'in response to / answering to' and is used when acting in response to expectations, requests, or feelings (e.g., 期待にこたえて 'in response to expectations'). Energy consumption does not 'respond to' economic growth.

• にともない — along with, accompanied by (expresses parallel/consequential change)
• 急激きゅうげきな — rapid, drastic
• 消費量しょうひりょう — consumption (amount)

The correct answer is 1 (上がり). お届けに上がる is a humble (謙譲語) expression meaning 'to go to someone's place to deliver.' The pattern お (verb stem)に上がる is a classic humble construction. Here, the speaker (a delivery person) is calling the customer and humbly says 'I would like to come deliver your ordered goods — how about tomorrow?' 上がりたい is the volitional/desiderative form of 上がる, fitting perfectly after お届けに.

• 2差しあげ (sashiage) is the humble form of する (差しあげる). While it is humble, お届けに差しあげたい is not a natural or standard expression. The standard humble pattern for going to deliver is お届けに上がる, not お届けに差しあげる.
• 3願い (negai) from 願う means 'to request.' お届けに願いたい would mean 'I want to request to deliver,' which is grammatically awkward and unnatural in this context.
• 4見え (mie) is from 見える, an honorific (尊敬語) form of 来る (to come). Since the speaker is the one performing the action (delivering), an honorific form is inappropriate — the speaker should use humble language, not honorific.

• 上あがる — to go up; (humble) to visit someone's home — used as お[verb]に上がる
• ご注文の品（ごちゅうもんのしな） — the item(s) you ordered
• 都合つごう — convenience, schedule

The correct answer is 1 (も). The pattern XもXだ means 'X is also at fault / X is also to blame.' Here, 君も君だよ means 'but you're also at fault (for getting angry over something so trivial).' The speaker acknowledges that the person who made the joke is wrong, but also points out that the listener overreacted. This is a common Japanese expression for shared blame.

• 2で (de) does not form the XもXだ pattern. 君で君だよ is grammatically unnatural and does not convey the intended meaning of shared responsibility.
• 3でも (demo) means 'even.' 君でも君だよ would mean 'even you are you,' which does not convey the nuance of 'you're also at fault.' It breaks the XもXだ idiom.
• 4まで (made) means 'even / until.' 君まで君だよ would mean 'even you are you,' which is unnatural and does not express shared blame.

• 冗談じょうだん — joke
• 〜も〜だ — X is also at fault / X shares the blame (idiomatic pattern for shared responsibility)

The correct answer is 3 (帰るべく). べく is a classical auxiliary meaning 'in order to' (purpose), equivalent to 〜するために. 帰るべく means 'in order to go home (early).' The sentence reads: 'On days when I have a date, even while rushing through work in order to go home, somehow an urgent meeting gets scheduled and I end up being late from overtime.' べく connects the purpose (going home early) with the action (rushing through work).

• 1帰るべし (kaeru beshi) is a classical imperative/suasive meaning 'one should go home.' It does not express purpose and does not fit grammatically with 急いで...業務をこなしていても.
• 2帰るべき (kaeru beki) means 'should go home' (the modern form of べし). Like option 1, it expresses obligation/recommendation, not purpose, and does not fit the sentence structure.
• 4帰るべからず (kaeru bekara zu) is a classical prohibition meaning 'must not go home.' This is the opposite of the intended meaning and does not express purpose.

• べく — in order to, for the purpose of (classical; equivalent to 〜ために)
• 業務ぎょうむをこなす — to handle/complete work tasks
• べし — should (classical imperative/suasive)
• べからず — must not (classical prohibition)

The correct answer is 4 (雨だろうと雪だろうと). The pattern 〜だろうと〜だろうと means 'whether it's X or Y' and expresses that something happens regardless of conditions. Here: 'He seems to really like bicycles. Whether it's rain or snow, he happily commutes by bicycle every day.' This conveys that he rides in any weather condition.

• 1雨とも雪とも is not a grammatical pattern. とも cannot be used this way to express 'whether X or Y.' This option is structurally incomplete/unnatural.
• 2雨でもなく雪でもなく means 'it is neither rain nor snow.' This would describe the weather itself rather than expressing that he rides regardless of weather, and does not fit the context.
• 3雨というか雪というか means 'whether to call it rain or snow' (used when you're unsure how to label something). This does not express the idea of 'regardless of weather conditions.'

• 〜だろうと〜だろうと — whether it's X or Y — regardless of which condition applies
• よほど — very, extremely, quite
• 通勤つうきん — commuting to work

とあって means 'since/because (it is a special circumstance that) ~,' expressing that a notable or unusual condition caused a result. Here, the lecture being free (無料) is the special circumstance that drew many fans: 'Since the lecture was free, many fans packed in.' The pattern 〜とあって conveys that the situation is noteworthy and explains the resulting large turnout.

• 1にして means 'at (a certain age/time)' or 'even (for someone) ~,' e.g. 20歳にして成功した. It does not express cause/reason, so it doesn't fit 'because it was free.'
• 2にあって means 'in the situation/circumstances of ~,' e.g. 緊急時にあって. It describes being in a condition, not a cause for a result, so it doesn't fit the causal relationship here.
• 3として means 'as ~' (role/capacity), e.g. 無料として提供する. It does not express 'because it was free,' so it is wrong.

• とあって — since/because (special circumstance); being the case that ~
• 詰つめかける — to crowd into; to flock to
• 無料むりょう — free of charge

〜につけ means 'whenever ~' or 'every time ~,' expressing that each time something happens, a certain feeling or thought arises. Here, 聞くにつけ = 'whenever I hear the stories of people who moved from the city to the countryside, I deeply feel that the countryside has the power to heal people.' The pattern conveys a recurring emotional response triggered by repeated experiences.

• 2なり means 'as soon as ~' (瞬間), e.g. 聞くなり走り出した. While grammatically attachable, it implies a one-time immediate reaction rather than the recurring, reflective feeling expressed by つくづく感じる, making it a poor fit.
• 3とは does not form a grammatical conjunction here. 聞くとは would be ungrammatical in this context; とは is used for quotation or definition, not for 'whenever.'
• 4にしてみると means 'from the perspective of ~ / if one tries doing ~,' e.g. 私にしてみると. It refers to a standpoint, not a trigger for a recurring feeling, so it doesn't fit.

• 〜につけ — whenever ~; every time ~ (a feeling arises)
• 移り住む（うつりすむ） — to move and live in (a new place)
• つくづく — deeply; keenly; sincerely

The pattern 〜に〜にと means 'for A, for B, and so on — for everything.' Here, いため物に、揚げ物にと = 'for stir-fried dishes, for deep-fried dishes, and so on.' The と after 揚げ物に functions as a listing particle meaning 'and (among other things),' leading into 何にでも使えて便利です ('it can be used for anything and is convenient'). This is a common N1 pattern for listing multiple applicable cases.

• 1は would give 揚げ物には, which simply marks a topic/contrast but does not create the listing pattern 〜に〜にと that leads into 'for anything.' It breaks the rhetorical listing structure.
• 3や would give 揚げ物にや, which is grammatically unnatural. や lists nouns (AやB), but here the structure is 〜に〜にと, not a noun list.
• 4か would give 揚げ物にか, which is ungrammatical in this context. か as 'or' does not fit the listing-and-inclusive structure needed here.

• 〜に〜にと — for A, for B, and so on (listing multiple cases leading to 'for anything/everything')
• いため物（いためもの） — stir-fried dish
• 揚げ物（あげもの） — deep-fried dish

The correct form is 答えさせられた, the causative-passive past tense. The speaker was forced/made to answer various questions by the company's representative (あれこれ質問に答えさせられた), and after all that (あげく), was told they couldn't help. The causative-passive (させられる) expresses being compelled to do something against one's will, and the past tense た is required to connect with あげく ('after doing ~, in the end ~').

• 1させた is the causative active past: 'I made (someone) answer.' This reverses the direction — the speaker was the one being made to answer, not the one making others answer.
• 2させられる is the causative-passive but in the dictionary form (non-past). It cannot connect to あげく, which requires a past-tense verb (〜たあげく).
• 3させる is the causative dictionary form: 'make (someone) answer.' Wrong direction (speaker isn't making someone answer) and wrong tense for あげく.

• 答こたえさせられた — was made to answer (causative-passive past)
• あげく — after doing ~ (with negative connotation); in the end, after all that
• 問い合わせる（といあわせる） — to inquire; to contact (a company, etc.)

のではないか expresses the speaker's surprise or dismay: 'Could it be that ~?' / 'Isn't it the case that ~?' Here, 走り始めたのではないか = 'Could it be that the train started running in the opposite direction?!' The narrator jumped on the train and then realized with shock it was going the wrong way, which is why they regretted not checking the destination. The pattern conveys this sudden, unsettling realization.

• 1ではない attached directly to a past-tense verb (走り始めたではない) is grammatically incorrect; の is required between the verb and ではない.
• 2ではないか without の (走り始めたではないか) is also grammatically incorrect for the same reason — the nominalizer の is needed before ではないか.
• 3のではない is a plain negative statement: 'it did not start running.' This would mean the train did NOT go the wrong way, which contradicts the context (the narrator regretted not checking the destination because it DID go the wrong way).

• 〜のではないか — could it be that ~?; isn't it the case that ~? (expressing surprise/dismay)
• 飛び乗る（とびのる） — to jump onto (a moving train, etc.)
• 後悔こうかいする — to regret