N1 Grammar · Test 12

「をもって」means 'as of' or 'with (this date) as the final point.' 「3月31日をもって廃止された」= 'was discontinued as of March 31st.' This is the standard expression for marking a deadline or final date of something.

• 1「を受けて」means 'in response to / following.' It would imply the railway was abolished in response to March 31st, which makes no sense.
• 2「を皮切りに」means 'starting with.' This would mean the abolition starts on March 31st and continues—illogical for a one-time event like abolition.
• 3「をピークに」means 'peaking at.' A date cannot be a 'peak' of an abolition.

• をもって — as of; with (a date/time) as the limit or basis
• 廃止はいし — abolition; discontinuation
• を受けて（をうけて） — in response to; following
• を皮切りに（をかわきりに） — starting with
• をピークに — peaking at

「だけでも」means 'even just' or 'at least.' 「せめて気分だけでも南極を感じてもらおう」= 'let's at least let them feel Antarctica in mood.' The combination せめて〜だけでも is a natural pairing: 'at the very least, even just...'

• 1「のみも」is grammatically broken. 「のみ」is a formal written particle meaning 'only,' and adding 「も」here does not produce a valid construction.
• 3「ですらも」is not a valid combination. 「ですら」('even') cannot be followed by 「も」in this way.
• 4「くらいも」does not pair naturally with せめて in this context. 「くらい」indicates a minimum degree, but with 「も」it sounds like 'even about...' which doesn't fit the sentence.

• せめて — at least; if only
• だけでも — even just; at least
• 猛暑もうしょ — extreme heat

「はたして」means 'really, truly, indeed' and is used in questions to express doubt or skepticism: 「はたして〜のだろうか」= 'is it really the case that...?' Here: 'Is it really true that children's reading volume is decreasing?' This is a fixed rhetorical-question pattern.

• 1「かりに」means 'if; hypothetically' (仮に). It does not fit a question asking whether something is truly the case.
• 2「どうやら」means 'it seems; apparently' and is used for statements of impression, not for posing a skeptical question.
• 3「おそらく」means 'probably; likely' and is used for conjecture in declarative sentences, not in this questioning pattern.

• はたして — really; truly (used in questions expressing doubt)
• かりに — if; hypothetically
• どうやら — it seems; apparently
• おそらく — probably; likely
• 読書離どくしょばなれ — decline in reading (among children)

「幸いに存じます」is a fixed humble expression meaning 'I would be grateful / I would appreciate it.' 「存じます」is the humble (謙譲語) form of 思う, and 「幸いに存じます」is the standard closing formula in formal correspondence.

• 2「あずかります」is humble for 'receive,' but 「幸いにあずかります」is not a standard set phrase. The correct collocation is 幸いに存じます.
• 3「頂戴します」is humble for 'receive,' but it does not collocate with 幸いに in this way.
• 4「うけたまわります」is humble for 'hear/ask,' and does not pair with 幸いに.

• 幸いに存じます（さいわいにぞんじます） — I would be grateful; I would appreciate it (humble fixed expression)
• 存ぞんじる — to think; to know (humble form of 思う/知る)
• あずかる — to receive; to be given (humble)
• 頂戴ちょうだいする — to receive (humble)
• うけたまわる — to hear; to ask (humble)

「取っといて」is the colloquial contraction of 「取っておいて」= 取って + おいて. It means 'keep it / set it aside (for later).' 「捨てないで取っといて」= 'Don't throw it away—keep it.' This fits the casual office conversation and B's response about filing it.

• 1「取れるって」means 'it can be taken' (取れる + って quoting particle). It does not mean 'keep it.'
• 3「取っちゃわないって」is garbled. 「取っちゃう」(取ってしまう) means 'to take/dispose of completely,' and adding 「わない」produces an ungrammatical form. It does not mean 'keep.'
• 4「取っとけなくて」is grammatically broken. 「取っとけ」is the imperative of 取っておく, but 「〜なくて」does not attach correctly here.

• 取とっておく — to keep something; to set aside for later
• 取とっといて — colloquial contraction of 取っておいて (keep it)
• 保管ほかんする — to store; to keep in storage

The correct answer is 4 (が). The pattern being tested is 「NがNだけに」, meaning 'precisely because it is N, naturally...' Here, 時期が時期だけに means 'precisely because it's that time of year (summer vacation), as you'd expect...' The sentence means: 'When I went to the aquarium during summer vacation, precisely because it was that season, it was crowded with families.' The structure NがNだけに requires が to link the two instances of the same noun.

• 1で would not form the fixed pattern NがNだけに. 「時期で時期だけに」is not a valid grammatical construction.
• 2に would not form the fixed pattern either. 「時期に時期だけに」is not correct Japanese.
• 3は could seem plausible as a topic marker, but 「時期は時期だけに」is not the established idiom. The pattern requires が to mark the noun that is being emphasized as the reason.

• 時期が時期だけに（じきがじきだけに） — precisely because it's that time/season, as expected for that period
• 混雑こんざつ — crowded, congested
• 親子連おやこづれ — families with children

The correct answer is 1 (かつ). かつ is a conjunction meaning 'and / moreover,' used to connect two adjectives or adverbs that describe something simultaneously. Here, 計画的かつ具体的に進める means 'to proceed both systematically and concretely.' The sentence means: 'In Kitagawa City, in order to promote good landscape formation both systematically and concretely, the Kitagawa City Landscape Formation Basic Policy has been established.'

• 2むしろ means 'rather / instead' and expresses a preference or contrast. It does not connect two adverbs like 計画的 and 具体的に.
• 3ついては means 'regarding that / accordingly' and is used to introduce a topic or action based on something previously stated. It cannot connect two adverbs.
• 4かえって means 'on the contrary / rather' and expresses an unexpected result. It does not connect two adverbs.

• かつ — and, moreover (connecting two adjectives/adverbs)
• 良好りょうこう — good, favorable
• 景観形成けいかんけいせい — landscape formation
• 計画的けいかくてき — systematic, planned
• 具体的ぐたいてき — concrete, specific

The correct answer is 1 (危険). The pattern being tested is 「N極まりない」, meaning 'extremely N / it cannot be more N.' It attaches directly to a noun. 危険 is used as a noun here, so 危険極まりない means 'extremely dangerous.' The sentence means: 'Climbing a winter mountain over 3000m alone without sufficient equipment is an extremely dangerous act.'

• 2危険の is incorrect because N極まりない takes a bare noun without の. 「危険の極まりない」is not valid.
• 3危険な is incorrect because N極まりない requires a noun, not a na-adjective form. 「危険な極まりない」is grammatically wrong.
• 4危険に is incorrect because に does not fit the pattern N極まりない. 「危険に極まりない」is not valid Japanese.

• N極まりない（Nきわまりない） — extremely N, it cannot be more N (attaches to a noun)
• 危険きけん — danger, danger (noun); dangerous
• 装備そうび — equipment, gear
• 単独たんどく — alone, solo
• 行為こうい — act, behavior

The correct answer is 3 (思われる). The pattern being tested is 「私には～ように思われる」, a spontaneous/passive construction meaning 'it seems to me that...' The particle には marks the experiencer (私には = 'to me'), and 思われる is the spontaneous form of 思う, expressing something that naturally appears/seems to the speaker without volition. The sentence means: 'They say the economy is gradually recovering, but to me it seems like a temporary phenomenon.'

• 1思う is the active form 'I think,' which would require 私が as the subject, not 私には. With には, the spontaneous form is needed.
• 2思っている means 'I am thinking (about it),' which is an active volitional state. This does not pair with 私には, which requires the spontaneous/passive form.
• 4思わせる is the causative form 'makes (me) think,' which would require a different sentence structure (something that causes the thinking). It does not fit the 私には～ように pattern.

• 思おもわれる — seems, appears (spontaneous/passive of 思う); it seems to me
• 私わたしには — to me (marks the experiencer in spontaneous constructions)
• 徐々じょじょに — gradually, slowly
• 回復かいふく — recovery
• 一時的いちじてき — temporary

The correct answer is 2 (とあっては). The pattern 「とあっては」means 'given that... / since (something special is happening)...' and expresses that because a special or notable circumstance exists, a natural consequence follows. Here: 'Since the new Shinkansen model is being shown to the public for the first time, as a train fan, I can't not go see it.' The と is a quotative particle marking the circumstance.

• 1にあってか is not a standard N1 grammar pattern. にあって means 'in/under (a situation),' but adding か does not produce the correct meaning here. It lacks the 'since/given that' nuance.
• 3になっては is not a valid grammar pattern in this context. になっては would mean 'when it becomes...' which does not convey the 'given that a special event is happening' nuance.
• 4となっては is not a valid grammar pattern here either. It might superficially resemble とあっては but となっては does not carry the meaning 'since/given that.'

• とあっては — given that..., since... (used when a special circumstance makes a consequence natural)
• 新型車両しんがたしゃりょう — new model train/car
• 一般に公開される（いっぱんにこうかいされる） — to be shown to the general public
• 鉄道ファン（てつどうファン） — railway enthusiast, train fan
• ～わけにはいかない — cannot (do something), have no choice but to (do)